ABSTRACT
Background & Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the risk of progression in high-grade T1 (HGT1) tumors using tumor budding (TB) and other standard clinical and histological features. TB is defined as an isolated cancer cell or a cluster composed of fewer than 5 cells scattered in the stroma and is usually used as a strong predictor of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer. METHODS: This is an observational longitudinal cohort study involving 168 consecutive patients with HGT1 between 2013 and 2016. Cox regression was performed to analyze the relationship between the clinical and histological features and progression. All slides were blindly assessed by 2 genitourinary pathologists. Budding was determined to be positive when the number of buds was equal to or greater than 6. RESULTS: The median age was 75 years; 152 (90.5%) patients were men, and 49 (29.2%) were positive for TB. At a median follow-up time of 35 months, 33 patients (19.6%) showed progression. Progression was observed in 32.7% of the patients positive for TB and in only 14.3% of those who were negative (p = 0.006). TB was significantly associated with the endoscopic tumor pattern (TP) (papillary/solid) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Univariate analysis showed that TB, carcinoma in situ (CIS), TP, LVI, sub-staging, and BCG induction predict progression. The multivariate analysis showed that TB (p = 0.032, hazard ratio 2.1), CIS, TP, and lack of BCG induction were significant for progression. CONCLUSIONS: TB is a new and significant pathological variable for predicting progression in HGT1 tumors and can be easily introduced in clinical practice. Its inclusion in the TNM system should be carefully considered, as it may aid early cystectomy decisions.
Subject(s)
Cystectomy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Aged , Cohort Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Neoplasm Grading , Retrospective Studies , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Not only ae cardiac hibernomas rare, ante-mortem diagnosis is poor, due to the clinical and radiological similarity with other intracardiac masses. Furthermore, cardiac hibernomas can be asymptomatic and thus escape detection with imaging studies. We present a case of an 81-year-old woman who died as a result of pulmonary tumor embolism. This unusual case highlights the necessity for clinicians and pathologists to be familiar with intra-cardiac neoplasms. We discuss its diagnostic difficulty and the complication of pulmonary tumor embolism.
Subject(s)
Heart Neoplasms/complications , Lipoma/complications , Neoplasms, Second Primary/complications , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Acute Disease , Adipocytes/pathology , Aged, 80 and over , Delayed Diagnosis , Disease Progression , Fatal Outcome , Female , Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Lipoma/diagnostic imaging , Multiple Myeloma , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosisABSTRACT
Cation-exchange resins are used in the management of hyperkalemia, particularly in patients with end-stage renal disease. These resins were associated with gastrointestinal tract lesions, especially sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) mixed with sorbitol. We present a case of colonic necrosis after the administration of calcium polystyrene sulfonate (Kalimate) not suspended in sorbitol.
Subject(s)
Cation Exchange Resins , Sorbitol , Colon , Humans , Hyperkalemia , NecrosisABSTRACT
Metastasic priapism is a rare entity produced by tumor cell implantation or direct infiltration of corpora cavernousum of the penis. In up to 80% of cases the primary tumor has an urological origen like prostate or bladder cancers. Treatment depends on syntomatology and patient's prognosis. Generally, average survival in these patients is poor due to metastasic progression, among 1 to 1 and a half years. We present a case report of secondary priapism for direct bladder carcinoma's invasion of the corpora cavernousum. A total penectomy due to a penile infected necrosis was required.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Penile Neoplasms/complications , Penile Neoplasms/pathology , Priapism/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm InvasivenessABSTRACT
This review article presents the late advances in the pathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer, new concepts and predictive factors, emphasizing the new biomolecular markers in prostate cancer.
