ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary patterns and biomarkers of inflammation have been scarcely associated. The aim was to assess dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fasting blood samples were collected from 12- to 17-year old girls (n=219) to measure adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and food intake were also measured. Western (WDP) and Mediterranean (MDP) dietary patterns were identified. RESULTS: BMI and WHtR were associated with adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP (the last, only associated with BMI). Intakes of ß-carotene equivalents and vitamin C were associated with adiponectin; saturated fatty acids (SFA), vitamin A, manganese and selenium with leptin; linoleic acid with PAI-1; and oleic acid and vitamin E with IL-6. Selenium was inversely associated with adiponectin, whereas magnesium was positively associated with IL-6. MDP was associated with higher plasma concentrations of adiponectin (ß=0.174, P<0.05); after adjustment for BMI, associations were not significant (ß=0.144, P=0.076). WDP was negatively associated with adiponectin (ß=-0.177, P<0.05) and positively with IL-6 (ß=0.183, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical inflammation is detectable with increasing BMI and also WHtR. Measures of adiposity (BMI and WHtR) are significant predictors of adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP. Dietary patterns per se have a small role in affecting inflammatory markers among adolescents.
Subject(s)
Diet , Inflammation/physiopathology , Adiponectin/blood , Adolescent , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/blood , Body Height , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Child , Fatty Acids/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Leptin/blood , Linoleic Acid/administration & dosage , Manganese/administration & dosage , Oleic Acid/administration & dosage , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Selenium/administration & dosage , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Waist Circumference , beta Carotene/administration & dosageABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The alarming increase in obesity worldwide is of concern, owing to the associations of obesity with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has been associated with a proinflammatory state characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of several markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess levels of inflammatory markers and their association with MetS among adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A random sample of adolescents (n=362, 143 boys and 219 girls, 12-17 years) was interviewed, anthropometrically measured and provided a fasting blood sample. Circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured. The association between inflammatory markers and sex, age, body mass index (BMI) status, MetS, physical activity and blood pressure was also calculated. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels are inversely associated and leptin levels are directly associated with MetS and BMI, but directly with gender (females show higher levels than boys), and PAI-1 levels are directly associated with MetS, among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin, adiponectin and PAI-1 may be used as biomarkers to predict MetS among adolescents.
