Bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty with and without patellar resurfacing. A prospective single surgeon series with a minimum follow-up of 7 years.

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most effective treatment for end-stage adult knee osteoarthritis, but it has been reported that patient satisfaction may vary. A malfunction of the patellofemoral joint may produce anterior knee pain (AKP) for several reasons. While some surgeons systematically resurface the patella despite the risk of potential complications such as fracture, loosening, or wear of the patella, others prefer to preserve it to reduce AKP and revision rates. This study aimed to evaluate whether patellar resurfacing had better clinical and functional outcomes, complications, and revision rates in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study, including patients who underwent bilateral simultaneous TKA in which the patella was replaced in one knee and preserved in the other, with a minimum follow-up of 7 years. We assessed clinical and functional outcomes with the Knee Society Score (KSS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); complications and revision rates were also registered. RESULTS: The final series consisted of 43 patients with 86 knee arthroplasties. After a mean of 7.6 years of follow-up, no significant differences were found regarding KSS (clinical: 82.8 ± 7.4 versus 83.2 ± 3.4, p = 0.92; functional 89.1 ± 8.2: versus 90.4 ± 6.8; p = 0.99), VAS (2.0 ± 0.9 versus 1.8 ± 1.0; p = 0.84), complications (10.5% versus 8.1%; p = 0.57), or revision rates (2.3% versus 2.3%; p = 0.99) when comparing patellar resurfacing versus retention. CONCLUSION: In the context of total knee arthroplasty, patellar replacement did not demonstrate statistically significant differences concerning patellar retention in clinical nor functional outcomes, AKP, complications, or revision rates after a minimum of 7 years of follow-up.

Two-Stage Treatment of Chronic Periprosthetic Knee Infections With the Use of Gentamicin-Articulated Spacers: Success Rate and Predictors of Failure at the Minimum Seven-Year Follow-Up.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the survivorship rates of 2-stage treatment with gentamicin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate articulated knee spacer in patients with chronic periprosthetic joint infection and to identify risk factors associated with failure. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among 73 patients with chronic periprosthetic joint infection after primary total knee replacement with articulated polymethylmethacrylate gentamicin-impregnated spacers (Subiton, Medical Labs, Ind Argentina), performed in a single institution with a minimum follow-up of 7 years. Clinical and functional assessment was performed with Knee Society Score and Western and Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the variables that influenced the success and failure rates. Results: We included 73 patients. There were 53 (71.3%) monomicrobial, 11 (15%) polymicrobial, and 10 (13.7%) negative cultures infections. The success and failure rates were 90.5% (n = 66) and 9.5% (n = 7), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that age (odds ratio = 1.77; P = .039), greater erythrocyte sedimentation rate values prior to the first stage (odds ratio = 1.04; P = .006), and polymicrobial infections (odds ratio = 7.32; P = .0003) were independent variables associated with failure. Conclusions: Two-stage revision with polymethylmethacrylate gentamicin-impregnated knee spacers is an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty. Age, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate values prior first stage, and polymicrobial infections were independent risk factors for treatment failure.

Effectiveness of two-stage revision with commercial polymethylmethacrylate articulated hip spacer: similar outcomes against monomicrobial and polymicrobial hip periprosthetic joint infections.

Background: orthopaedic surgeons still struggle against a devastating complication - periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). A two-stage revision is considered the gold standard for chronic PJI for several authors, with success rates over 90 %. This strategy implies the remotion of the prosthesis and the implantation of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer in the joint. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a two-stage revision approach using a commercial prefabricated antibiotic-impregnated cement hip spacer for the treatment of hip PJI regarding monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections. Secondly, to assess risk factors for failure of two-stage revision. Material and methods: we conducted a retrospective study on patients that underwent revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) between January 2002 and January 20218. We included adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic hip PJI that underwent two-stage revision using a prefabricated gentamicin-impregnated cement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hip spacer. We assessed whether it was monomicrobial or polymicrobial infections and comorbidities. Treatment success was defined when eradication of the infection was observed and no further procedures or mortality were registered after the second stage. Persistence or recurrence of infection was considered a failure of treatment. Results: the final series consisted of 84 patients treated with the same hip spacer: 60 (71.4 %) monomicrobial and 24 (28.6 %) polymicrobial joint infections with an overall follow-up of 59.0 (36.0-84.0) months. The overall success rate was 90.5 %. Eight (9.5 %) patients failed. Smoking and BMI greater than 30 m kg-2 were identified independent risk factors for failure in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: our study suggests that prefabricated gentamicin-impregnated PMMA spacer is an effective tool for the treatment of PJI, achieving similar outcomes whether it is monomicrobial or polymicrobial infections. Randomized prospective studies are needed to obtain more reliable conclusions.

Pre-fracture ambulation capacity, Charlson comorbidity index, and dementia as predictors of functional impairment after bipolar hemiarthroplasty for unstable intertrochanteric fracture. A retrospective analysis in 158 octogenarian patients.

Background: the primary purpose of this study was to assess the ambulatory capacity 12 months after surgery in patients that underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BH) due to unstable intertrochanteric fractures (UITF). Secondly, to identify which preoperative variables influenced these modifications. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of patients older than 80 years with UITF treated with BH between 2010 and 2019. Ambulatory capacity was assessed before surgery, at 3 and 12 months postoperatively, using Koval's classification and the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). The registered variables were: gender, age, osteoporosis, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), ASA classification, body mass index (BMI), and dementia. The identification of variables that impaired postoperative functionality was performed by uni- and multivariate analysis. Results: 158 patients were included with a median age of 87 (range 80-102) years and a follow-up of 29.2 (range 12-56) months. The 1-year overall ambulatory capacity impairment was 28.5% and significantly affected pre-fracture community walkers (p = 0.001). A CCI >4 (OR 2.72; p = 0.044), dementia (OR 14.13; p = 0.0001), and a Koval 2-3 (OR 12.84; p = 0.001) were identified as risk factors for this impairment. Conclusion: Ambulation impairment at one year was 28.5%. The predictive characteristics found in this study help to identify patients with a greater risk of ambulation impairment and to focus rehabilitation plans to reduce this impact.

Culture-negative Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection after Total Hip Arthroplasty Treatment Protocol and Outcomes in Acute and Chronic Cases.

The treatment of culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (CN PJI) of the hip represents complex entities. We, as a result of this, report on 12 cases. Irrigation and debridement (I&D) with implant retention were performed in acute cases and two-stage revisions in chronic infections. Combined antibiotic therapy was administered in all cases for 12 weeks. Infection control was achieved in all patients with an infection-free rate of 100% at 7.5 years of average follow-up.

Stress shielding in total knee replacements: Comparative analysis between titanium and all-polyethylene bases at 10 years follow-up.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess bone resorption due to stress shielding in total knee replacement (TKR), comparing titanium bases (TiB) versus all polyethylene bases (APB), analyzing its incidence, progression and mechanical consequences after 10 years of follow-up. Methods: We evaluated two groups of patients undergoing TKR, one treated with TiB and the other with APB, operated consecutively between 2004 and 2009 with a diagnosis of idiopathic gonarthrosis and a minimum of 10 years of follow-up. Deen's radiographical method was used to assess tibial bone resorption. We assessed its incidence, progression, relationship with the femoro-tibial and prosthetic alignment, clinical outcomes and mechanical loosening. Results: Eighty-six patients were treated with TiB and 80 with APB with a median follow-up of 11 (range 10-15) years. The bone resorption rate in TiB was 24.41% and in APB was 1.25% (p < 0.0001). The type 2 of Deen's classification was the most frequently observed. Bone resorption was strongly correlated with preoperative varus femoro-tibial alignment and varus placement of the tibial component, also showing a significant association with postoperative femoro-tibial alignment correction (p 0.009). We observed no significant differences in functional scores or revision rates due to mechanical loosening after 10 years of follow-up between the groups. Conclusion: Titanium tibial bases in TKR showed a significantly higher incidence of medial tibia resorption compared to all-polyethylene bases. Our results suggest that bone resorption does not influence long-term mechanical loosening.

Infectious disease specialists and teamwork strategies worldwide: the World Association against Infection in Orthopedics and Trauma (WAIOT) and SICOT continue to cooperate in fighting musculoskeletal infections.

Bone and joint infections are associated with a devastating global burden. The successful treatment of these infections requires a multidisciplinary approach between orthopedic surgeons and experts of different disciplines. This multidisciplinary approach has gained ground over the past decades in modern infection units as a more effective treatment strategy, yielding better outcomes regarding infection eradication rates, length of hospital stay, and overall cost of treatments. Additionally, preventing and managing musculoskeletal infections requires strong connections between medical associations, biological laboratories, and the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. In this context, SICOT and World Association against Infection in Orthopaedics and Trauma (WAIOT) relationships have been increasing. The present editorial article discusses the multidisciplinary approach for managing bone and joint infections worldwide, explores the controversies in practices in terms of training, area of expertise, and extent of clinical involvement, and emphasizes the role of societies in research, prevention and management of musculoskeletal infections. The purpose is to acknowledge what orthopedics can obtain from specialists dealing with bone and joint infections and to consolidate their practice to provide the best care for orthopedic patients.

Total Knee Replacement in Alkaptonuric Ochronosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Alkaptonuria is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA). Over time, these patients may develop disabling ochronotic arthropathy. We present 2 cases of patients with end-stage arthropathy treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Both patients complained of disabling knee pain and reported limited walking distance (200-300 m). One had a history of osteotomy for medial knee arthtritis and ignored his underlying condition. The other presented with valgus gonoarthrosis and diagnosis of alkaptonuria. RESULTS: Intraoperatively, the characteristic dark-blue color in the joint was observed. Both patients evolved favorably after TKA with excellent results according to the Knee Society Scores (KSS) at three years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: We believe TKA is the right treatment for patients with end-stage disease because it offers considerable relief from pain and allows patients to recover function.

Effectiveness of Nail Dynamization in Delayed Union of Tibial Shaft Fractures: Relationship Between Fracture Morphology, Callus Diameter, and Union Rates.

OBJECTIVE: Dynamization has already been described as a secondary intervention for delay unions of tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. Although it's a common procedure, it is not widely supported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the union rate of nail dynamization in cases of delayed union of diaphyseal tibial fractures, and assess the effect of fracture morphology on union rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a series of 199 consecutive tibial shaft fractures. We recorded the dynamization rate, period from nailing to dynamization, nailing to the union, the fracture pattern (according to AO/ASIF and whether it was closed or open), the callus diameter before dynamization (fracture healing index; FHI) and union/failure rates. RESULTS: Out of a total of 199 fractures treated during the study period, 41 (20.6%) were dynamized. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 patients with 39 fractures were included in the study. The mean time from nailing to dynamization was 18.4 ± 7.2 weeks. The union rate was 92.3% (n = 36) over a mean time of 14.1 ± 5.6 weeks as from dynamization. The overall failure rate was 6.7% (n = 3). There was no significant association between failure and AO/ASIF classification (p > 0.05) or fracture exposure (X 2 = 0.19; p = 0.66). The pre-dynamization FHI of ≥ 1.17 was significantly associated with consolidation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In cases of delayed union of tibial fractures, dynamization offered a high union rate associated with pre-dynamization FHI, while fracture morphology did not affect the failure rate.

Metal Hypersensitivity or Missed Periprosthetic Joint Infection? A Critical Review.

The World Association Against Infection in Orthopedics And Trauma (W.A.I.O.T.) Study Group on Bone And Joint Infection Definitions Metal hypersensitivity (MHS) has been investigated by several authors as a possible reason for painful total joint arthroplasty, with controversial results. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is another possible source of unexplained pain and implant failure that may be difficult to diagnose if not properly investigated. We performed this critical review to assess whether the current literature on MHS includes an adequate diagnostic workup to discern metal allergy from PJI. The results of this review highlight the importance of assessing patients for PJI before making a diagnosis of MHS and emphasize that the methods currently used to exclude PJI are substantially inadequate. Therefore, well-designed clinical trials with adequate diagnostic protocols and definitions of PJI that can differentiate MHS from low-grade PJI are needed. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(2):e73-e78.].

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty in unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. The predictive value of the Charlson Comorbidity Index in 1-year mortality.

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aims: We retrospectively evaluated the predictive role of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for 1-year mortality in elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures (ITHF) treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. The secondary objective was to identify other relationships, if any, between the variables recorded and mortality. METHODS: We included ≥75-year-old patients with unstable ITHF treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. We recorded patient gender, age, Body Mass Index, pre-fracture walking ability (Parker Mobility score, modified Harris Hip Score), America Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), time to surgery, time to mobilization, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a ROC curve. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients with a mean age of 87.34 ± 5.5 years were included. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 18.5%. The CCI (OR 1.64 CI 95% 1.21-2.23; p 0.00821) and postoperative complications (OR 3.5 CI 95% 1.19-10.23 p 0.0202) were identified as independent predictors of 1-year mortality in the univariate regression and confirmed in the multivariate regression. CCI sensitivity to predict 1-year mortality was 80%. CONCLUSION: CCI has shown acceptable sensitivity in the prediction of 1-year mortality in elderly patients with unstable ITHF treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. It is of utmost importance to prevent postoperative complications due to their significant impact on 1-year mortality.

Cerclaje con alambre en fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera. Análisis de beneficios y complicaciones / Cerclage wiring in subtrochanteric hip fractures. Analysis of benefits and complications

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar si la reducción abierta con cerclaje de alambre afectó la consolidación, la tasa de complicaciones y de reoperaciones en pacientes con fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera, tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares. materiales y métodos:Se evaluó a todos los pacientes operados consecutivamente entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017. Se comparó a los tratados con cerclaje (Grupo A) o sin cerclaje (Grupo B) de alambre en términos de tipo de fractura, estancia hospitalaria, tiempo quirúrgico, necesidad de transfusiones, calidad de la reducción, consolidación y complicaciones (infección, seudoartrosis, reoperaciones). Resultados:Se incluyó a 58 pacientes. El grupo A estaba conformado por 20 pacientes y el grupo B, por 38. El tipo de fractura más frecuente fue 3A (p = 0,0004). La estancia hospitalaria fue similar (9.0 vs. 10.6 días; p = 0,81), el tiempo quirúrgico y la necesidad de transfusiones fue mayor en el grupo A (p<0,0001 y p = 0,58, respectivamente). La tasa de consolidación fue similar en ambos grupos (90 vs. 92,1%, respectivamente; p = 0,09). Los desejes se observaron solo en el grupo tratado sin lazadas (5-13,5%; p = 0,01). Las tasas de complicaciones (15 vs. 18,4%) y de reopera-ciones (15 vs. 15,8%) fueron similares (p = 0,99). Conclusiones: El uso de lazadas de alambre en fracturas subtrocantéricas de cadera tratadas con clavos cefalomedulares generó un aumento significativo del tiempo quirúrgico, y disminuyó significativamente la incidencia de desejes. La incidencia de reoperaciones fue menor, aunque no significativamente. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether open reduction with cerclage wire affected the union and/or complication rate in subtrochanteric hip fractures treated with cephalomedullary nails. materials and methods: We analyzed all patients who had undergone surgery in our center between January 2010 and December 2017. We comparatively analyzed those treated with (Group A) and without (Group B) cerclage wire in terms of fracture type, hospital stay, surgical time, blood transfusions, malalignment, union, and complications (infection rates, non-union, and reoperations). Results: Fifty-eight patients were included. Group A consisted of 20 patients and Group B of 38. The most frequent type of fracture was 3A (p 0.0004). The mean hospital stay was similar (9 vs 10.6 days p 0.81), the surgical time and transfusions were higher in group A (p<0.0001 and p 0.58 respectively). The union rate was similar (90 vs 92.1%; p 0.09, respectively). Malalignment was only observed in group B (5 - 13.5%; p 0.01). The complication (15 vs 18.4%) and reoperation (15 vs 15.8%) rates were similar (p 0.99). Conclusions: The use of cerclage wire in subtrochanteric hip fractures treated with cephalomedullary nails generated a significant increase in surgical time and a lower rate of malalignment. It allowed a lower rate of re-operation, although it was not significant. Level of Evidence: III

Genu valgo artrósico severo: Prótesis de estabilidad aumentada en artroplastia primaria / The severe valgus knee: Total knee arthroplasty with a constrained prosthesis

Objetivo El genu valgo artrósico severo (> 20°) puede presentar distintos grados de insuficiencia del ligamento colateral medial e inestabilidad articular. El objetivo de este trabajo retrospectivo evalúa nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento del genu valgo severo con prótesis de estabilidad aumentada y propone un método para la evaluación y clasificación del genu valgo artrósico. Material y métodos A 27 pacientes (28 rodillas) con genu valgo artrósico severo se les realizó una artroplastia total de rodilla primaria con un implante de estabilidad aumentada, y un seguimiento promedio de 6.2 años. Se confeccionó una nueva clasificación del genu valgo artrósico que contempla la suficiencia ligamentaria y por lo tanto relaciona el tipo de rodilla con el tipo de implante necesario. Resultados Se utilizó una prótesis constreñida en 17 pacientes con un eje promedio de 22,7° y el ligamento colateral medial atenuado. En 11 casos con un eje promedio de 28,1°, LCM incompetente y/o recurvatum, se optó por bisagras rotatorias. Se confeccionó una nueva clasificación del genu valgo artrósico que considera el desgaste y estabilidad articular, el grado de deformidad de la rodilla y la suficiencia ligamentaria. Discusión Las prótesis constreñidas deben utilizarse en pacientes que presenten inestabilidad exclusivamente en el plano coronal, aún en genu valgo severo, con LCM atenuado. Debe reservarse el uso de bisagras rotatorias a aquellos pacientes que presentan incompetencia ligamentaria, inestabilidad combinada (recurvatum) y/o déficit neuro-muscular severo.

Purpose This retrospective level 2 analysis evaluates the prosthesis type selected in our department for the treatment of the severe valgus knee and proposes a new classification for the valgus knee osteoarthritis. Material and methods A total knee arthroplasty with a constrained or hinged knee prosthesis was performed in 28 valgus knees. The average follow-up was 6.2 years. A new classification that considerates the ligament sufficiency status was developed in order to relate the different knee types with the different type of eventually needed implants. Results Constrained prosthesis was used in 17 patients with an attenuated medial collateral ligament, and a rotating hinge in 11 patients with incompetent medial collateral ligament and/or recurvatum. The postoperatory Knee Society Score was of 85 points. The valgus knee was classified in 5 types considering the knee valgus deformity, the ligament sufficiency and joint stability and wear. Discussion The classification proposed clearly defines the ligament status and valgus knee types, and it seems to be a comprehensive tool to select the appropriate prosthesis. Constrained prosthesis must be used on patients who present coronal instability with attenuated medial collateral ligament. Rotating hinges must be reserved for those patients who have medial collateral ligament incompetence, recurvatum, combined instability and/or severe muscular deficiency.

Congenital Fibular Deficiency: Total Knee Arthroplasty with Extraarticular Deformity: A Case Report.

CASE: A total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed on a 35-year-old man with congenital fibular deficiency and a 20° varus and 28° antecurvatum tibial deformity of the left lower limb. CONCLUSION: One-stage TKA and correction of the extraarticular deformity by means of intraarticular bone resections and a standard soft tissue release were performed to restore the limb's mechanical axis. Patients with congenital fibular deficiency present a wide range of limb deformities because of bone deficiencies or treatment sequels, which might require a specific surgical technique and small-sized implants to obtain good results during a TKA.

Extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) and fluted tapered modular stems in revision hip arthroplasty. Does ETO integrity or consolidation, really matter?

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess if the fracture and/or non-union of extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) affected the behavior and survival of modular fluted and tapered distal fixation stems in revision total hip arthroplasties (rTHA). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 52 rTHA in 52 patients. Preoperative diagnoses were mechanical loosening (42 cases), septic loosening (8), periprosthetic fracture (1), and femoral stem fracture (1). According to the Paprosky classification, femoral bone stock deficiencies were 19 type-II, 26 type IIIA, and 7 type IIIB. We assessed the behavior of the osteotomy (union, fracture, migration) and the survival and behavior (integration and subsidence) of prosthetic femoral stems. RESULTS: ETO union and non-union rates were 84.61% (44 patients) and 15.38% (8 cases) respectively. There were twelve (23%) intra-operative fractures of the osteotomy fragment and 11 (21.15%) migrations (4.5 mm on average). We observed bone union in 39 (75%) stems and 13 (25%) stable fibrous unions. Nine (17.3%) stems subsided 7 mm (2-15 mm) on average before becoming stable. Stem subsidence and integration was not significantly affected by ETO fracture/no fracture or union/non-union. The postoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) improved significantly as compared to the pre-operative HHS (38.41 ± 3.54 vs 85.29 ± 3.36; p < 0.01). Patients were followed up for 55 (24-100) months. The overall implant survival at the end of follow-up was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, neither the non-union nor the intra-operative fracture of the ETO segment affected the behavior or medium-term survival of femoral stems.

Distal fixation stems for revision of total hip replacement.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess patients treated with modular, non-cemented, tapered, fluted, distal fixation stems. We included patients with 24 months mínimum follow-up. Diagnosis that led to revisions were described. The radiographic analysis was made with preoperative, immediate postoperative and last control postoperative X-rays. Sixty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. We observed 59,7% (n=40) Osteointegration, 34,3% of Stable Fibrosis and 5,97% Unstable fibrosis. Stress Shielding was registered with 10,44% and Subsidence was observed in 34,3% of the patients. Modular, fluted, tapered, distal fixation stems have an excellent survival rates.

The effectiveness of antibiotic cement-coated nails in post-traumatic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis - comparative analysis of custom-made versus commercially available nails.

Background: The first objective of this retrospective study was to assess infection control rates in patients with chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis (CPTO) of the femur or tibia treated with antibiotic cement-coated nails. The second objective was to compare the efficacy of custom-made nails versus commercially available antibiotic-coated nails in terms of infection control and need for reoperation. Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of CPTO patients treated with antibiotic-coated nails who had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. We recorded the characteristics of the initial injury, the type of nail used, cement-nail debonding, infecting microorganisms, operating time, infection control, need for reoperation, and failure rate. We performed a comparative analysis between nails manufactured in the operating room (i.e., custom-made) and those commercially available. Results: Thirty patients were included. The affected bones were the femur ( n = 15 ) and the tibia ( n = 15 ). Twenty-one of the 30 initial injuries were open fractures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism (50 %). Sixteen patients were treated with custom-made nails and 14 with commercially available antibiotic-coated nails. At the time of extraction, four out of five custom-made antibiotic-coated nails experienced cement-bone debonding. Commercial nails were associated with shorter operating times ( p < 0.0001 ). The overall infection control rate was 96.66 %. Eight (26.66 %) patients needed reoperation. There was one failure (3.33 %) in the group treated with custom-made antibiotic-coated nails. We did not find significant differences between nail types in terms of reoperation, infection control, and failure rate. Conclusions: The use of antibiotic cement-coated nails proved useful in CPTO treatment. Commercially available nails had significantly shorter operating times and did not present cement-bone debonding during removal. Our results seem to indicate that both nail types are similar in terms of infection control and reoperation rates.

Vástagos estriados cónicos modulares en revisión de artroplastia total de cadera. Estudio multicéntrico. Resultados y complicaciones a mediano plazo / Modular fluted tapered stems in revision total hip arthroplasty. Multicenter study. Medium-term results and complication rate

Introducción: Debido al crecimiento exponencial del número de artroplastias de cadera, se espera una mayor cantidad de re-visiones en las próximas décadas. Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares se han vuelto populares en la última década por sus resultados favorables. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados, las complicaciones y la tasa de supervivencia de estos vástagos en las revisiones de cadera, con un seguimiento a mediano plazo. materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 182 pacientes a quienes se les realizó una cirugía de revisión de cadera entre 2007 y 2017. Se colo-caron 185 vástagos cónicos estriados de fijación distal. El déficit de stock óseo femoral se clasificó según Paprosky y Burnett; y las facturas periprotésicas, según la clasificación de Vancouver. Se evaluó a los pacientes clínicamente con el Harris Hip Score (HHS) y con radiografías a los 3 meses y anualmente para evaluar la estabilidad del vástago, la subsidencia y el aflojamiento, así como la consolidación de la osteotomía. Resultados: Seguimiento medio 55.18 meses. El HHS posoperatorio tuvo una media de 80,28 (DE = 12,8, IC95% 78,5-82,97). No hubo complicaciones posoperatorias en el 75,4% de los pacientes. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron inestabilidad (7,6%) y subsidencia del implante (11,5%). Al final del seguimiento, el 95,05% de los pacientes tenía un implante estable. Conclusiones: Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares de fijación distal proporcionan una solución confiable, reproducible y duradera para el manejo de revisiones de componentes femorales a medio plazo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Background: The number of arthroplasties performed every year is increasing; therefore, a greater number of revisions is expected in the coming decades. Modular fluted tapered stems have become the gold standard for their results in different series of patients. The objective of this article is to evaluate the results, complications and the survival rate of these stems in hip revisions with a medium-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, multicenter analysis. One hundred eighty-two patients who had undergone hip revision surgery between 2007 and 2017 were included. One hundred eighty-five modular fluted tapered stems were placed. Femoral bone stock defects were classified according to Paprosky and Burnett; and periprosthetic femur fractures according to Vancouver classification. Patients were evaluated clinically with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographically 3 months after surgery and every year to assess stem stability, subsidence and loosening, as well as osteotomy healing. Results: Average follow-up was 55.18 months. Postoperative HHS had an average of 80.28 (SD = 12.8, 95% CI = [78.5, 82.97]). There were no postoperative complications in 75.4% of the patients. The most frequent complications were instability in 7.6% and implant subsidence in 11.5%. At the end of the follow-up, 95.05% of the patients had a stable implant. Conclusion: Modular fluted tapered stems provide a reliable, reproducible solution for the management of femoral component revisions at medium-term. Level of Evidence: IV

Paciente con síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay. Reporte de un caso de reemplazo articular de cadera suspendido durante la cirugía / Patient with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Case report of an intraoperatively aborted hip joint replacement

El síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay es un trastorno congénito infrecuente. Por lo general, afecta uno de los miembros inferiores. Los hallazgos típicos son angiomas, malformaciones venosas, várices hipertróficas con comunicaciones arteriovenosas e hipertrofia del miembro afectado que, en algunos casos, altera la estructura ósea. El objetivo de esta presentación es describir el caso de un paciente de 54 años en el que se programó un reemplazo articular de la cadera izquierda durante un año y la cirugía debió suspenderse por el riesgo de exanguinación, y analizar la bibliografía al respecto. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder. It usually affects one of the lower limbs. It is characterized by the presence of angiomas, venous malformations, hypertrophic varices with arteriovenous communications and hypertrophy of the affected limb, altering in some cases the bone structure. The aim of this presentation is to describe the case of a 54-year-old patient for whom a joint replacement of the left hip had been scheduled for one year and the surgery had to be aborted due to the risk of exsanguination of the patient, and to analyze the literature in this regard. Level of Evidence: IV

Estudio prospectivo comparativo del manejo de la analgesia preventiva en pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de rodilla primaria / Comparative prospective study of the management of preventive analgesia in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty

Introducción: La analgesia preventiva es aquella que se administra horas o días antes de una artroplastia total de rodilla con el fin de reducir el dolor posoperatorio. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar y analizar la eficacia clínica de la analgesia preventiva en los pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo total de rodilla. materiales y métodos: Noventa y seis pacientes, divididos en dos grupos de 48 pacientes, fueron evaluados prospectivamente y comparados entre noviembre de 2018 y marzo de 2019. El grupo A recibió analgesia preoperatoria con una combinación de etoricoxib, tramadol y paracetamol, por vía oral, 2 horas antes de la cirugía. El grupo B de control no recibió analgesia. El dolor posoperatorio de los pacientes se evaluó de acuerdo con sus propios registros en una escala analógica visual a las 12, 24, 48, 72 h y una semana después de la cirugía. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa a las 24 h entre ambos grupos, el dolor fue significativamente menor en el grupo A (p = 0,001), a las 48 h la diferencia fue estadísticamente menor que a las 24 h (p = 0,016). También se observó que el grupo de control requirió más cantidad de rescates, aunque la diferencia solo fue significativa a las 24 h (p = 0,047). Conclusión: La combinación de etoricoxib, tramadol y paracetamol es eficaz, segura, económica y fácil de administrar, y la tasa de efectos adversos de la analgesia es baja; por lo tanto, representa un esquema adecuado para el manejo de la analgesia preventiva. Nivel de Evidencia: IIb

Background and Objective: Preventive analgesia is one that is administered hours or days before a total knee arthroplasty in or-der to reduce postoperative pain. The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of the use of preven-tive analgesia in patients undergoing total knee replacement. materials and methods: Ninety-six patients, divided into two groups of 48 patients, were evaluated prospectively and comparatively between November 2018 and March 2019. Group A received preoperative analgesia with a combination of etoricoxib, tramadol, and paracetamol, orally, 2 hours before surgery. Control group B, did not receive anything. The postoperative pain of the patients was evaluated according to their own records on a visual analog scale at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and one week after surgery. Results: A significant difference was observed at 24 hours between both groups, pain was significantly less for group A (p = 0.001), at 48 hours the difference was statistically lower than at 24 hours (p = 0.016). It was also observed that the control group required a greater number of rescues, although the difference was only significant at 24 hours (p = 0.047). Conclusion: The combination of etoricoxib, tramadol and paracetamol represents an effective, safe, economical, easy to administer form with a low rate of analgesia adverse effects; which represents an adequate scheme for the management of preventive analgesia.Key words: Knee arthrosplasty; pain; preemptive analgesia. Level of evidence: IIb