Emphysematous osteomyelitis: a rare and aggressive disease.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis is an extremely rare entity consisting of the presence of intraosseous gas that can extend to the joints and adjacent soft tissues. It is an aggressive infectious process associated with high mortality, especially in patients with risk factors such as tumors or diabetes mellitus. Because early diagnosis and immediate treatment are crucial to prevent the potentially devastating consequences of this condition, imaging tests such as computed tomography play a fundamental role in its diagnosis and management. Therefore, radiologists must be aware that intraosseous gas is a rare but alarming sign that is pathognomonic of emphysematous osteomyelitis, especially in the axial skeleton.

Nanostructured Conducting Polymers and Their Applications in Energy Storage Devices.

Due to the energy requirements for various human activities, and the need for a substantial change in the energy matrix, it is important to research and design new materials that allow the availability of appropriate technologies. In this sense, together with proposals that advocate a reduction in the conversion, storage, and feeding of clean energies, such as fuel cells and electrochemical capacitors energy consumption, there is an approach that is based on the development of better applications for and batteries. An alternative to commonly used inorganic materials is conducting polymers (CP). Strategies based on the formation of composite materials and nanostructures allow outstanding performances in electrochemical energy storage devices such as those mentioned. Particularly, the nanostructuring of CP stands out because, in the last two decades, there has been an important evolution in the design of various types of nanostructures, with a strong focus on their synergistic combination with other types of materials. This bibliographic compilation reviews state of the art in this area, with a special focus on how nanostructured CP would contribute to the search for new materials for the development of energy storage devices, based mainly on the morphology they present and on their versatility to be combined with other materials, which allows notable improvements in aspects such as reduction in ionic diffusion trajectories and electronic transport, optimization of spaces for ion penetration, a greater number of electrochemically active sites and better stability in charge/discharge cycles.

Capacitors Based on Polypyrrole Nanowire Electrodeposits.

The electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole nanowires is carried out using potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods in order to enhance the performance of the modified electrodes as capacitor devices. The electrochemical, spectroscopic, and morphological properties are determined through cyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, corroborating the presence of PPy-nw in dimensions of 30 nm in diameter. Characterization as a capacitor revealed that the nanowire structure enhances key parameters such as specific capacitance with 60 times greater value than bulk polymer modification, in addition to a significant increase in stability. In this way, it is verified that electrodes modified with polypyrrole nanowires obtained in situ by electrochemical methods constitute an excellent candidate for the development of capacitors.

Collegiate male athletes exhibit conditions of the Male Athlete Triad.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of the Male Athlete Triad (MAT) conditions: low energy availability (EA), low bone mineral density (BMD), and low testosterone in male collegiate athletes from different sports. Participants included 44 collegiate male athletes (age, 20.4 ± 0.2 years; body mass index, 25.3 ± 1.3 kg/m2) from 7 sports (cross country, soccer, basketball, wrestling, track, golf, and baseball). Resting metabolic rate, 3-day food intake, 7-day exercise energy expenditure, body composition, and reproductive and metabolic hormones were assessed. Of the total participants, 15% had low EA, 0% had low BMD, 28% had low total testosterone (TT), and 80% had low calculated free testosterone (cFT). There were no significant correlations between EA, BMD, TT, and cFT. Insulin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were below and on the upper end of the reference range for healthy male adults, respectively. Insulin was negatively correlated with total (r = -0.330, p = 0.043) and lumbar spine BMD z-scores (r = -0.413, p = 0.010). Low TT and low cFT were the most prevalent MAT conditions among all athletes. Further research should investigate the relationship between insulin and SHBG and the role of these hormones in the MAT. Novelty: Assessment of energy availability alone is not sufficient to identify physiological disturbances in collegiate male athletes. Low total and/or free testosterone may be present in some collegiate male athletes, regardless of BMD status. Low insulin and high SHBG concentration may portray the presence of conditions of the MAT in male collegiate athletes.

The influence of hospital antimicrobial use on carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacterales incidence rates according to their mechanism of resistance: a time-series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacterales (CNSE) can be broadly divided into those that produce carbapenemases (carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)), and those that harbour other mechanisms of resistance (non-carbapenemase-producing CNSE (NCP-CNSE)). AIM: To determine the predictors of CNSE nosocomial incidence rates according to their mechanism of resistance. METHODS: A time-series analysis was conducted (July 2013 to December 2018) to evaluate the relationship in time between hospital antibiotic use and the percentage of adherence to hand hygiene with the CNSE rates. FINDINGS: In all, 20,641 non-duplicated Enterobacterales isolates were identified; 2.2% were CNSE. Of these, 48.1% and 51.9% were CPE and NCP-CNSE, respectively. Of the CPE, 78.3% possessed a blaOXA-232 gene. A transfer function model was identified for CNSE, CPE, and OXA-232 CPE that explained 20.8%, 19.3%, and 24.2% of their variation, respectively. According to the CNSE and CPE models, an increase in piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) use of 1 defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 hospital patient-days (HPD) would lead to an increase of 0.69 and 0.49 CNSE and CPE cases per 10,000 HPD, respectively. The OXA-232 CPE model estimates that an increase of 1 DDD per 100 HPD of TZP use would lead to an increase of 0.43 OXA-232 CPE cases per 10,000 HPD. A transfer function model was not identified for NCP-CNSE, nor was there an association between the adherence to handhygiene and the CNSE rates. CONCLUSION: The use of TZP is related in time with the CPE nosocomial rates, mostly explained by its effect on OXA-232 CPE.

Local Knowledge for Addressing Food Insecurity: The Use of a Goat Meat Drying Technique in a Rural Famine Context in Southern Africa.

Only 30% of households in Bairro Boroma (Boroma neighborhood) have a regular protein intake, mainly due to the lack of a proper cold chain. We analyzed the level of knowledge about a local dried meat called chinkui, examining the relationship between this knowledge and its value for strengthening local food security. Through surveys of Bairro Boroma goat herders (n = 23) about "chinkui awareness" and passive observation of chinkui preparation (n = 5) from local biotype goats, we found that chinkui was known to most goat herders (91.3%), but was used only irregularly, mainly because knowledge transmission has decreased over time. From passive observation, we found that the amount of dried meat obtained from an animal rarely exceeded a yield of 10% and its performance and safety depended on weather conditions and the absence of other animals in the area of preparation. It is, therefore, recommended to strengthen initiatives to increase the amount of chinkui, based on local knowledge, so as to enhance its frequency of consumption and the possibility of using it as a sustainable alternative source of protein.

Estilo de vida y distribución de grasa en adolescentes asmáticos y sanos / Lifestyle and Fat Distribution in Asthmatic and Healthy Adolescents

Introducción: el objetivo es analizar el estilo de vida, en función del ejercicio y la dieta, de un grupo de adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid, teniendo en cuenta género y patología y su relación con el estado nutricional, la distribución de grasa y la función pulmonar. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de 207 sujetos que analizó el estilo de vida a partir del nivel de actividad física (AF) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el estado nutricional y la distribución de grasa, y la salud respiratoria. Resultados: El grupo de no asmáticos fue más activo (p=0,003) y presentó menor ICT (p=0,001) que el grupo de asmáticos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas dentro del grupo sin asma en nivel de AF siendo los varones más activos (p=0,01) y presentando menor índice cintura-talla (ICT) que las mujeres del mismo grupo (p=0,001). Conclusiones: Los adolescentes no asmáticos fueron más activos y presentaron mejor distribución de grasa que los asmáticos

Objectives: objective is to analyze the lifestyle, integrating exercise and diet, of a group of adolescents from the Community of Madrid, taking into account gender and pathology and its relationship with nutritional status, fat distribution and lung function in adolescents with or without asthma. Methods: This was a descriptive study including 207 subjects aged 13.20 ± 0.62 years. Lifestyle was assessed in terms of physical activity (PA) levels, Mediterranean diet, nutritional status, and respiratory health measured through FEV1 (z). Results: In the non-asthma group, boys were more active (p = 0.01) and showed a lower waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) than girls (p = 0.001). Participants without asthma were more active (p = 0.003), and had a better WHtR (p = 0.001) and FEV1 (p = 0.001) than those with asthma. Conclusions: In this Spanish population sample, non-asthmatic adolescents were more active and showed a better nutritional status, fat distribution and respiratory health than their peers with asthma

Evaluación del seguimiento de embarazo de bajo riesgo en el Área Sanitaria V del Principado de Asturias / Low risk pregnancy control in the Health Area V-Asturias

Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de eficiencia del cambio en el protocolo de seguimiento de embarazo de bajo riesgo, desarrollado e implantado en atención primaria y atención hospitalizada. Metodología: Se calcula el coste económico teórico y real del seguimiento del embarazo de bajo riesgo desde febrero hasta julio de los años 2016 y 2017. Se comparan ambos costes y se calcula el ahorro teórico y real. El nuevo protocolo supone principalmente un cambio en la distribución de visitas entre el hospital, realizadas por obstetras, y la atención primaria, realizadas por matronas. La evaluación se hace en función del ahorro económico teórico previsto por la implantación del protocolo y el ahorro real generado durante el periodo de febrero-julio de 2017, según las tarifas de consultas publicadas en el Boletín Oficial del Principado de Asturias. Resultados: Disminución de un 75% de las consultas en el hospital antes de la semana 37 de gestación y un aumento del 100% en atención primaria. Dado el número de embarazos desde febrero hasta julio de los años 2016 y 2017, el ahorro teórico estimado es de 175.456,4 Euros, y el ahorro real de 20.007,2 Euros. Discusión: El análisis entre la situación teórica y la real muestra un alto número de consultas en atención primaria, una disminución menor de la esperada en las consultas de atención especializada y un inexplicable aumento de las consultas de embarazo de alto riesgo. Conclusiones: Es preciso realizar una revaluación una vez pasado el periodo de implantación, reconducir a atención primaria los controles de embarazo de bajo riesgo que siguen realizándose en el hospital, revisar el registro de visitas en atención primaria y evaluar el aumento de las consultas de embarazo de alto riesgo

Objective: The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency level of the change in the protocol of low risk pregnancy, monitored, developed and implanted in primary care and hospitalized care. Methodology: The theoretical and real economic costs of monitoring low-risk pregnancy from February to July of 2016 and 2017 are calculated. Then, both costs are compared and finally, the theoretical and real savings are calculated. Mainly, the new protocol involves a change in the distribution of visits between hospitals made by obstetricians, and primary care, performed by midwives. The evaluation is based on the theoretical economic savings foreseen by the implementation of the protocol and the real savings generated during the period of February-July 2017, according to the consultation rates published in the Official Gazette of the Principado of Asturias. Results: Reduction of 75% of consultations in hospital before week 37 and a 100% increase in primary. Given the number of pregnancies of the period February-July 2016 and 2017, the estimated theoretical saving is 175.456.4 Euros and the real saving is 20.007.2 Euros. Discussion: The analysis between the theoretical situation and the real one reveals a high number of consultations in primary care, a smaller decrease, than expected, in specialized care consultations and an inexplicable increase in high risk pregnancy consultations. Conclusions: It is precise reassessment once the implementation period has passed, redirect to primary care those low risk pregnancy controls that continue to be performed in the hospital, review the registry of visits in primary care, and evaluate the increase in high-risk pregnancy consultations

Compensación química y adicción a opioides: evidencia, valoración de riesgo y manejo en pacientes con cuidados paliativos / Chemical coping and opioid addiction: Evidence, risk assessment and management in patients receiving palliative care

Uno de los objetivos actuales de los cuidados paliativos es la intervención en fases más precoces de la enfermedad. Esto supone atender a un mayor número de pacientes ambulatorios, con un pronóstico de vida más largo y potencialmente expuestos a opioides durante más tiempo, lo que aumenta el riesgo de su mal uso. La mayoría de los datos sobre compensación química y adicción provienen de EE. UU. y de pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico. Se ha estimado una frecuencia de compensación química del 18% y de adicción a opioides <5% en cáncer avanzado. Pasar por alto estos diagnósticos supone un mayor riesgo de efectos secundarios de los opioides y complica el manejo del dolor. Se recomienda el despistaje de riesgo de mal uso de opioides en todos los pacientes que vayan a ser expuestos, y un seguimiento más o menos estrecho según el riesgo detectado, con especial atención a la aparición de conductas aberrantes. En los pacientes que presentan compensación química y adicción es aún más relevante el manejo integral del «dolor total», entendiendo que el origen principal es la angustia emocional o espiritual, y no la nocicepción

One of the current goals in palliative care is intervention in the earlier disease phases. This involves caring for more patients as outpatients, with longer survival, and more prolonged exposure to opioids, which increases the risk of opioid misuse. Most of the data on chemical coping and addiction come from the U.S., and from studies on chronic pain patients. The frequency of chemical coping in cancer patients has been estimated at around 18%, whereas the frequency of addiction is less than 5% in the same patients. Disregarding these diagnoses may increase opioids' side effects and make pain management more difficult. Risk assessment of opioid misuse is recommended in all patients who are given opioids, with especial attention to aberrant behaviours. Multidisciplinary management of «total pain» is particularly important in chemical coping and addiction, understanding that the main cause of pain would be emotional and spiritual distress rather than nociception

Impact of two nurse-led interventions targeting diet among breast cancer survivors: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among women worldwide. Improvements in early detection and treatment have resulted in improved survival rates; however, the continuation of unhealthy behaviours after diagnosis can increase the risk of second primary tumours. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two nurse-led health education interventions aiming at improving dietary behaviours among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants (n = 492) were included in a double-blind randomized controlled trial with three arms: a control group received usual care; women in the first intervention group received a booklet containing dietary advice; women in the second intervention group received the same booklet plus a tailored telephone intervention delivered by a trained nurse. One year after the intervention, women in both intervention groups were more likely to adhere to the recommendation of decreasing the consumption of animal fats compared with the control group (OR:5.0; 95% CI:1.5-16.9 and OR:6.6; 95% CI:2.0-22.6, respectively). Moreover, compared with the control group, the adjusted probability of eating the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables was higher in the second intervention group (OR:2.7; 95% CI:1.4-5.3). In summary, the booklet containing dietary advice for breast cancer survivors, either alone or supplemented with a nurse-led telephone intervention, was effective in promoting adherence to diet recommendations.

Enhanced electrochemical response of carbon quantum dot modified electrodes.

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was surface-modified with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and applied for the effective enhancement of the electrochemical signal for dopamine and uric acid determination. CQDs were prepared from graphite by a green modification of the Hummers method. They were characterized by FTIR-ATR, XPS, solid-state NMR, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies. TPD-MS analysis was applied to characterize the functionalization of the surface. The CQDs were assembled on the glassy carbon electrode by adsorption because of the large number of carboxy groups on their surface warrants effective adsorption. The modified GCE exhibits a sensitivity that is almost 10 times better than of the bare GCE. The lower limits of detection are 1.3µM for uric acid and 2.7µM for dopamine.

Secondary Electron Interference from Trigonal Warping in Clean Carbon Nanotubes.

We investigate Fabry-Perot interference in an ultraclean carbon nanotube resonator. The conductance shows a clear superstructure superimposed onto conventional Fabry-Perot oscillations. A sliding average over the fast oscillations reveals a characteristic slow modulation of the conductance as a function of the gate voltage. We identify the origin of this secondary interference in intervalley and intravalley backscattering processes which involve wave vectors of different magnitude, reflecting the trigonal warping of the Dirac cones. As a consequence, the analysis of the secondary interference pattern allows us to estimate the chiral angle of the carbon nanotube.

Soyamilk fermented with riboflavin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 reverts and prevents ariboflavinosis in murine models.

It has been previously shown that Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 is able to produce riboflavin in soyamilk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of this riboflavin-bio-enriched soyamilk to revert and/or prevent the nutritional deficiency of riboflavin using different animal models. When used to supplement the diets of previously depleted animals, it was shown that the growth, riboflavin status and morphology of the small intestines reverted to normal parameters and were similar to animals supplemented with commercial riboflavin. In the prevention model, the same tendency was observed, where animals that received soyamilk fermented with L. plantarum CRL 2130 did not show signs of riboflavin deficiency. This new bio-fortified soya-based product could be used as part of normal diets to provide a more natural alternative to mandatory fortification with riboflavin for the prevention of its deficiency.

[Barriers and motivations of nurses for conducting research in Intensive Care Units and Emergency Medical Service]. / Barreras y motivaciones de los profesionales de enfermería para la utilización de la investigación en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y en el Servicio de Emergencias Médicas.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of evidence based practice is essential in clinical practice. However, it is still a challenge in critical care patients. AIM: To identify the barriers for conducting research that nursing professionals perceive in intensive care and medical emergency departments, as well as to investigate the areas of interest and motivations to carry out research projects. METHOD: Cross-sectional and multicentre study carried out in 4 intensive care units and in one Medical Emergency Department emergency pre-hospital carein Catalonia on 2014. The instrument used was The Barriers to Research Utilization Scale which had been previously validated into Spanish. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. A statistical significance of P<.05 was assumed. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-two questionnaires were obtained (69.9% response). Of the total, 135 were from critical care, 27 to pre-hospital care, and 10 from both. Just over half (57.3%) had research experience, although 44.4% had related training. The questionnaire dimension considered most relevant was organisational characteristics. The most important barriers were: there is not enough time at work [3.11 (SD 1.21)], physicians do not collaborate in its implementation [2.99 (SD 1.22)], and nurses are isolated with respect to other professionals [2.86 (SD 1.32)]. Significant differences were observed in the barriers according to research experience and work place. The main motivation was to be updated in critical patient care. CONCLUSIONS: The main barriers perceived are related to the organisation. There are differences in the barriers according to research experience and work place.

Recommendations in dispatcher-assisted bystander resuscitation from emergency call center.

Dispatch-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been shown as an effective measure to improve the survival of this process. The development of a unified protocol for all dispatch centers of the different emergency medical services can be a first step towards this goal in our environment. The process of developing a recommendations document and the realization of posters of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, agreed by different actors and promoted by the Spanish Resuscitation Council, is presented.

Analysis of the response speed of musculature of the knee in professional male and female volleyball players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

Muerte digna en pediatría: análisis de los dictámenes emitidos por un comité de bioética de un hospital pediátrico en 2008-2012 / Dignified death in pediatrics: analysis of bioethics committee's recommendations in a pediatric hospital between 2008-2012

INTRODUCCIÓN La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET) podría ser un indicador concreto de tutela de una muerte vivida lo más humanamente posible. El Comité de Bioética (CB) ayuda al equipo tratante a discernir este tipo de situaciones, buscando el mayor bien concretamente realizable. La evolución de la conducta posdictamen encierra claves significativas para la reflexión y práctica bioética en una comunidad hospitalaria. OBJETIVOS Indagar qué porcentaje de dictámenes emitidos por el CB de un hospital pediátrico referían la recomendación de LET en alguna de sus formas y en qué medida fueron llevados a cabo posteriormente por el equipo tratante responsable de la consulta. Escudriñar la labor de discernimiento que aporta un CB en el ámbito hospitalario. Objetivos Indagar qué porcentaje de dictámenes emitidos por el CB de un hospital pediátrico referían la recomendación de LET en alguna de sus formas y en qué medida fueron llevados a cabo posteriormente por el equipo tratante responsable de la consulta. Escudriñar la labor de discernimiento que aporta un CB en el ámbito hospitalario. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cualitativo y retrospectivo. Sobre el total de consultas registradas de un CB en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad (2008-2012), se seleccionaron aquellas que recomendaban alguna forma de LET, y se constató la concordancia o no entre la recomendación de LET y las conductas adoptadas posteriormente. RESULTADOS Se estudió a un total de 40 pacientes. Los servicios que más consultaron al CB fueron los de clínica médica (25%) y las terapias intensivas (22%). Las patologías de base predominantes fueron neurológicas (42%) y genéticas (12%). El 60% de los dictámenes del CB aconsejaron LET, que se cumplieron en el 83% de los casos. El resto de los pacientes sobrevivió al estado crítico, aunque altamente secuelados. DISCUSIÓN Por los datos aportados en esta investigación, se respetó la decisión de evitar sufrimientos innecesarios e indebidos en el paciente, a fin de ofrecer una muerte vivida lo más humanamente posible. La comunidad hospitalaria recibe las recomendaciones del CB y las lleva a la práctica. Con el seguimiento de las consultas en el período posdictamen, el CB podrá valorar su aporte y perfeccionarlo desde elementos que emergen del análisis de su misma práctica.

Anticoncepción en la mujer inmigrante: influencia de los aspectos socioculturales en la elección del método anticonceptivo / Contraception in immigrant women: influence of sociocultural aspects on the choice of contraceptive method

Actualmente residen en nuestro país 6 millones de inmigrantes. La mitad son mujeres, la mayoría en edad fértil. Son un grupo de especial problemática, con altas tasas de interrupción voluntaria de embarazo (IVE) en el que es fundamental abordar su salud reproductiva. Hemos dilucidado cómo es el uso de métodos anticonceptivos por esta población. Para ello revisamos 1.100 historias de nuestra consulta de salud sexual y reproducción. El colectivo más prevalente que acude a nosotros en busca de información son las latinoamericanas, seguidas por europeas del Este y marroquíes, y en menor proporción asiáticas y subsaharianas. Los anticonceptivos más utilizados son el DIU, sobre todo latinoamericanas y europeas del Este, y los anticonceptivos orales combinados, más utilizados entre las marroquíes. Es importante informar a las mujeres inmigrantes sobre anticoncepción, teniendo en cuenta sus preferencias, para aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento y disminuir las altas tasas de IVE (AU)

There are currently 6 million immigrants living in Spain. Half of them are women, the majority of whom are of childbearing age. These women, who suffer high rates of induced abortion, form a special group who require a special approach to their reproductive health. In order to study the use of contraceptive methods in this population, a review was made of 1100 clinical histories from our Sexual Health and Reproduction Clinic. Latin American women were the most prevalent group who came to seek information about contraception, followed by Eastern Europeans and Moroccans. Fewer Asian and Sub-Saharan women sought these services. The contraceptives most frequently used were the intrauterine device (used mostly by Latin American and Eastern European women), and combined oral contraception, most used by Moroccan women. It is important to advise the immigrant women about contraceptive methods, taking into account their preferences, in order to improve adherence to the method (AU)

Aprender a dormir / To learn how to sleep

Introducción: aprender a dormir en la infancia tiene repercusiones relevantes en el desarrollo integral del niño. Como profesionales sanitarios, debemos ser capaces de proporcionar las directrices adecuadas para la adquisición de hábitos saludables en la necesidad de dormir de los más pequeños. El análisis de cada caso requiere una solución adaptada a cada familia para lograr el descanso nocturno. En nuestra sociedad actual, se utilizan diferentes métodos para la adquisición de buenos hábitos para dormir de forma saludable desde los primeros años de vida. Eduard Estivill, a través de su libro Duérmete, niño, y Carlos González, con Bésame mucho, han expuesto dos estilos diferentes sobre cómo crear correctos hábitos del sueño infantil. Material y métodos: en este trabajo se realiza una investigación cualitativa a través del estudio de dichas metodologías y del testimonio de dos familias. Se quiere profundizar en los beneficios y dificultades que han aportado ambos métodos en el aprendizaje del dormir de los más pequeños. Resultados: el conocimiento de ambos métodos nos enriquece, ya que incrementa las herramientas disponibles para solventar cualquier situación relacionada con los hábitos del sueño. Después de analizar las dos entrevistas, se comprueba que las dos metodologías fueron llevadas a término con éxito, al conseguir dormir a los pequeños. Conclusiones: lo más importante no es el método utilizado, sino que los padres, ante la dificultad de enseñar a dormir a sus hijos, pasan por diferentes etapas en las que tanto su salud como la de sus niños pueden estar en situación de riesgo, sobre todo cuando se trata del primer hijo y cada situación es un nuevo reto (AU)

Introduction: learning how to sleep in the first years, play an important role in the child’s development. As healthcare professionals, we should try to provide parents with an appropriate guidance on child’s healthy sleeping habits. The analysis of each case requires a solution adapted to each family for the night's rest. Nowadays, there are different methods in order to get good sleeping habits in the early years. For instance, Eduard Estivill, through his book Duérmete, niño and Carlos González in Bésame mucho. They have exposed two different styles of how to create correct child sleeping habits. Materials and methods: this work is a qualitative research through the study of these methodologies and two families' evidences. We want to explore the benefits and difficulties of these two methods on the acquisition of sleeping well in children. Results: the knowledge of both methods provides us with the opportunity to solve any situation related to sleeping habits in the early years. Moreover, the two families’ interviews prove that both methods work successfully. To sum up, the most important issue is not the method. Conclusions: the most important thing is being conscious that there are different stages that parents have to go through while teaching their children how to sleep well, and these stages could imply risky situations in parents and children health. Especially when it's their first child, with whom any situation is a challenge for the parents (AU)