ABSTRACT
Effective therapies for multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria, are becoming rare. Also, solid-organ transplant recipients are at high risk of MDR Gram-negative bacilli infection. Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infections in kidney transplant recipients and are an important cause of mortality after renal transplantation. We describe a case of complicated urinary tract infection in a kidney transplant patient due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae treated successfully with a regimen comprising a combination of chloramphenicol and ertapenem. We do not recommend chloramphenicol as a first-line choice for treating complicated urinary tract infections. Still, we believe it is an alternative for infections caused by MDR and/or XDR pathogens in renal transplant patients, as other options are nephrotoxic.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Urinary Tract Infections , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chloramphenicol/pharmacology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
Abstract Colistin resistance involving Gram-negative bacilli infections is a challenge for health institutions around of the world. Carbapenem-resistance among these isolates makes colistin the last therapeutic option for this treatment. Colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp. was evaluated between 2010 and 2014 years, at Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil. Over five years 1346 (4.0%) colistin resistant Gram-negative bacilli were evaluated. Enterobacteriaceae was the most frequent (86.1%) pathogen isolated, followed by Acinetobacter spp. (7.6%), and Pseudomonas spp. (6.3%). By temporal analysis there was a trend for an increase of colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, but not among non-fermentative isolates. Among 1346 colistin resistant isolates, carbapenem susceptibility was observed in 21.5%. Colistin resistance in our hospital has been alarmingly increased among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in both KPC positive and negative, thus becoming a therapeutic problem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pseudomonas/drug effects , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Colistin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Pseudomonas/isolation & purification , Time Factors , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective Studies , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
Colistin resistance involving Gram-negative bacilli infections is a challenge for health institutions around of the world. Carbapenem-resistance among these isolates makes colistin the last therapeutic option for this treatment. Colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter spp., and Pseudomonas spp. was evaluated between 2010 and 2014 years, at Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil. Over five years 1346 (4.0%) colistin resistant Gram-negative bacilli were evaluated. Enterobacteriaceae was the most frequent (86.1%) pathogen isolated, followed by Acinetobacter spp. (7.6%), and Pseudomonas spp. (6.3%). By temporal analysis there was a trend for an increase of colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, but not among non-fermentative isolates. Among 1346 colistin resistant isolates, carbapenem susceptibility was observed in 21.5%. Colistin resistance in our hospital has been alarmingly increased among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in both KPC positive and negative, thus becoming a therapeutic problem.
