ABSTRACT
Testing chemicals for their ability to cause skin irritation is required for all ingredients of products that come into contact with the skin. Here, we describe a potential method for determining the irritant potency of a chemical in vitro and apply the method to two different reconstructed epidermis models which exhibit different barrier properties. Two surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulphate, Triton X100 and two non-surfactants: 2-4-di-nitro-chloro-benzene, cinnamaldehyde were applied topically in a dose response for 24h. Biomarkers IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-8 and MTT were assessed and EC(50) values determined. Variation in barrier properties between the epidermal models led to variation in the extent of penetration of surfactants, but not of non-surfactants which in turn influenced the EC(50) value obtained from surfactants. Furthermore, EC(50) values showed that no single biomarker could be classed as the most sensitive biomarker since biomarker sensitivity differed between the different chemicals studied. However, the ranking of the chemicals in order of strong to weak irritant was the same irrespective of the model used and also independent of the biomarker used (Triton X100>DNCB>SDS>CA). This study describes a method which not only distinguishes an irritant from a non-irritant but which may possibly also be used to determine irritant potency.
Subject(s)
Epidermis/drug effects , Irritants/toxicity , Models, Biological , Organ Culture Techniques , Acrolein/analogs & derivatives , Acrolein/toxicity , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cytokines/metabolism , Dinitrochlorobenzene/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epidermis/metabolism , Epidermis/pathology , Formazans/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Irritants/classification , Male , Octoxynol/toxicity , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests/methods , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/toxicity , Surface-Active Agents/toxicity , Tetrazolium Salts/metabolismABSTRACT
Abdominal tumors that can grow through vascular lumen and spread to the right heart are rare. Although these tumors have different histologic aspects, they may cause similar abdominal and cardiac symptoms and are a serious risk factor for pulmonary embolism and sudden death when they reach the right atrium and tricuspid valve. The best treatment is radical surgical resection of the entire tumor using cardiopulmonary bypass with or without deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. We report the cases of two patients, the first with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava and the other with intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus that showed intravascular growth up to right atrium and ventricle, who underwent successful radical resection in a one-stage procedure with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. We discuss the clinical and histologic aspects and imaging diagnosis and review the literature.
Subject(s)
Leiomyomatosis/surgery , Leiomyosarcoma/surgery , Uterine Neoplasms/surgery , Vascular Neoplasms/surgery , Vena Cava, Inferior , Adult , Extracorporeal Circulation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Leiomyomatosis/pathology , Leiomyosarcoma/pathology , Male , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Uterine Neoplasms/pathology , Vascular Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Two patients under 8 months of age, with right ventricular fibroma, presented with clinical manifestations of pulmonary stenosis. The diagnosis was established in one by echocardiography and in the other by echocardiography. CT scan and angiocardiographic study. The patients were operated and the tumors were successfully resected.
Subject(s)
Fibroma/surgery , Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Angiocardiography , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Fibroma/diagnosis , Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis , Heart Ventricles , Humans , Infant , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The authors report a case of Ebstein's anomaly associated to a ventricular septal defect. It is a rare association which leads to a poor prognosis of the disease. They emphasize the clinical findings and the complementary data that lead to the definite diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Ebstein Anomaly/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/complications , Cardiomegaly/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Humans , Infant , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
The authors, examining or revising 1.006 files of handicapped patients, found 214 with 25 different kinds of soft tissue alterations. To reach the final diagnosis they used, in 204 patients with 20 kinds of alterations, clinical criteria; in 10, they used histopathological exams. The purpose of this work was to study the presence of these alterations in handicapped patients. The authors found a great number and variety of pathological changes, and want to emphasize the needing of accuracy in the clinical exam of such patients.
