ABSTRACT
Citrus variegated chlorosis is a disease that attacks economically important citrus plantations and is caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. In this work, the structure of a small heat-shock protein from X. fastidiosa (XfsHSP17.9) is reported. The high-order structures of small heat-shock proteins from other organisms are arranged in the forms of double-disc, hollow-sphere or spherical assemblies. Unexpectedly, the structure reported here reveals a high-order architecture forming a nearly square cavity.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/chemistry , Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry , Xylella/chemistry , Amino Acid Motifs , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Crystallography, X-Ray , Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical , Protein Conformation, beta-Strand , Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs , Protein Multimerization , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Structural Homology, Protein , Xylella/metabolismABSTRACT
Sugarcane is a monocot plant that accumulates sucrose to levels of up to 50% of dry weight in the stalk. The mechanisms that are involved in sucrose accumulation in sugarcane are not well understood, and little is known with regard to factors that control the extent of sucrose storage in the stalks. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase; EC 2.7.7.9) is an enzyme that produces UDP-glucose, a key precursor for sucrose metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to gain insights into the ScUGPase-1 expression pattern and regulatory mechanisms that control protein activity. ScUGPase-1 expression was negatively correlated with the sucrose content in the internodes during development, and only slight differences in the expression patterns were observed between two cultivars that differ in sucrose content. The intracellular localization of ScUGPase-1 indicated partial membrane association of this soluble protein in both the leaves and internodes. Using a phospho-specific antibody, we observed that ScUGPase-1 was phosphorylated in vivo at the Ser-419 site in the soluble and membrane fractions from the leaves but not from the internodes. The purified recombinant enzyme was kinetically characterized in the direction of UDP-glucose formation, and the enzyme activity was affected by redox modification. Preincubation with H2O2 strongly inhibited this activity, which could be reversed by DTT. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis indicated that the dimer interface is located at the C terminus and provided the first structural model of the dimer of sugarcane UGPase in solution.
Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/enzymology , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/physiology , Plant Proteins/biosynthesis , Plant Stems/enzymology , Saccharum/enzymology , UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/biosynthesis , Cell Membrane/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Phosphorylation/physiology , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Protein Structure, Tertiary , UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase/chemistry , Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/biosynthesis , Uridine Diphosphate Glucose/chemistryABSTRACT
The ORF XF2234 in the Xylella fastidiosa genome was identified as encoding a small heat-shock protein of 17.9â kDa (HSP17.9). HSP17.9 was found as one of the proteins that are induced during X. fastidiosa proliferation and infection in citrus culture. Recombinant HSP17.9 was crystallized and surface atomic force microscopy experiments were conducted with the aim of better characterizing the HSP17.9 crystals. X-ray diffraction data were collected at 2.7â Å resolution. The crystal belonged to space group P4(3)22, with unit-cell parameters a = 68.90, b = 68.90, c = 72.51 Å, and is the first small heat-shock protein to crystallize in this space group.
Subject(s)
Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/chemistry , Xylella/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Heat-Shock Proteins, Small/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Atomic ForceABSTRACT
The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is a phytopathogenic organism that causes citrus variegated chlorosis, a disease which attacks economically important crops, mainly oranges. In this communication, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of XfSurE, a survival protein E from X. fastidiosa, are reported. Data were collected for two crystal forms, I and II, to 1.93 and 2.9 Å resolution, respectively. Crystal form I belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 172.36, b = 84.18, c = 87.24 Å, α = γ = 90, ß = 96.59°, whereas crystal form II belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.05, b = 81.26, c = 72.84 Å, α = γ = 90, ß = 94.76°.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Xylella/chemistry , Crystallization , Crystallography, X-RayABSTRACT
Maize aldose reductase (AR) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. In contrast to human AR, maize AR seems to prefer the conversion of sorbitol into glucose. The apoenzyme was crystallized in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 47.2, b = 54.5, c = 100.6 A and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction data were collected and a final resolution limit of 2.0 A was obtained after data reduction. Phasing was carried out by an automated molecular-replacement procedure and structural refinement is currently in progress. The refined structure is expected to shed light on the functional/enzymatic mechanism and the unusual activities of maize AR.
