Farming system impacts the bioactive compounds, microbial diversity, aroma and color in edible red mini-roses (Rosa chinensis Jacq.).

Mini-roses (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) is largely used in salty dishes and desserts. This study evaluated instrumental color, sugars, organic acids, phenolics, volatiles, and the indigenous microbiota (fungi and bacteria) in edible mini-roses farmed in discarded fruits biocompost and animal manure systems. A descriptive sensory analysis of flowers was also performed. Mini-roses farmed in biocompost had higher luminosity and intensity of instrumental red color, a higher concentration of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins related to red color, and fructose than mini-roses farmed in animal manure (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mini-roses farmed in biocompost had higher concentrations of various volatiles (p < 0.05), including hexyl acetate and cis-3 -hexenyl butyrate related to the fruity aroma. Bacterial groups related to plant growth-promoting such as Stenotrophomonas and endophilic fungal groups such as Eurotiales sp, Pleosporales sp were found in higher abundance (p < 0.05) in mini-roses farmed in biocompost. Mini-rose farmed in biocompost also received higher score (p < 0.05) for fruity aroma and red color than mini-rose mini-roses farmed in animal manure. Results indicate that farming mini-roses using biocompost from discarded fruits impacts the synthesis of phenolics and volatiles, resulting in a more intense fruity aroma and red color. Findings also suggest that the microbiota of mini-roses farmed in biocompost or animal manure do not represent a major risk for the safety of these products.

Myositis Ossificans of the Breast Mimicking Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Myositis ossificans (MO) is an uncommon tumor characterized by a rapidly growing mass following a history of local trauma. Few cases of MO affecting the breast have been reported, and some were misdiagnosed as primary osteosarcoma of the breast or metaplastic breast carcinoma. The following case report presents a patient with a growing breast lump whose core biopsy result was suspicious for breast cancer. MO was diagnosed after analysis of the mastectomy specimen. This case highlights the importance of MO as a differential diagnosis of a growing soft-tissue mass after trauma to avoid unnecessary overtreatment. Keywords: Myositis Ossificans, Osteosarcoma, Breast Cancer, Mastectomy, Heterotopic Ossification © RSNA, 2023.

Chemical and volatile composition, and microbial communities in edible purple flowers (Torenia fournieri F. Lind.) cultivated in different organic systems.

Edible flowers have been widely consumed fresh in drinks, salads, desserts and salty dishes. This study evaluated the color parameters, chemical composition (phenolics, sugars, organic acids), volatiles compounds and microbiota (bacterial and fungal communities) in edible purple flowers (Torenia fournieri F. Lind.) cultivated in biocompost and traditional organic systems. Torenia flowers cultivated in biocompost had high (p < 0.05) contents of anthocyanins (cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside), flavonols (quercitin 3-glycoside, myricetin and rutin), sugars (rhamnose and glucose), organic acids (citric and succinic), aldehydes (hexanal, cis-2-hexenal and trans-2-hexenal), and alcohols (trans-2-hexenol and 3-ethyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol). Flowers cultivated in biocompost showed higher (p < 0.05) abundance Cyanobacteria and Basidiomycota bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively, than flowers cultivated in traditional system. The high abundance of Oxyphotobacteria and Dothideomycetes classes, Acetobacterales and Cladosporiales orders, Oxyphotobacteriaceae and Cladosporiaceae families, and Raoultella and Cladosporium genera characterized torenia flowers cultivated in biocompost. The cultivation system influenced the torenia flowers microbiota and composition, primarily due to environmental response and enhanced uptake of nutrients. Our findings indicate that cultivation of torenia using the agroindustrial based-biocompost improves bioactive and volatiles contents in more purple and fruity flavored flowers, rendering flowers more attractive for consumption.

Central line-associated bloodstream infection trend in Brazilian adult intensive care units: an ecological study.

INTRODUCTION: Central line-associated bloodstream infections are the second most frequent infection in intensive care units. It represents an adverse event of significant magnitude, thus threatening the patient safety. The aim of this study was to analyze the historical trend of central line-associated bloodstream infections in patients in intensive care units, the rate of infection, central venous catheter utilization ratio, type of pathogen and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. METHODOLOGY: This ecological study was performed at 42 intensive care units from a state capital of the Midwest region of Brazil. Central line-associated bloodstream infections notifications were collected from two databases, the Municipal Coordination for Patient Safety and Infection Control at Healthcare Services, from 2012-2016, and the FormSUS (National Health System Data Processing Company), from 2014-2016. RESULTS: The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections was high and stationary in the period (incidence rate of 2.3 to 3.2 per 1,000 catheter days, central venous catheter utilization ratio average 56,9%). The most frequent microorganisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were detected among Gram-negative bacteria, and resistance to oxacillin among Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Central line-associated bloodstream infections incidence rates were high, however the historical trend remained stationary in adult intensive care units. Infections were mostly caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multi-drug resistant organisms. These findings point to the need of educational strategies addressing the adherence to established preventive measures and to the rational use of antimicrobials.

Exploiting the use of agro-industrial residues from fruit and vegetables as alternative microalgae culture medium.

There is a need for searching new microalgae species, and the most suitable strategy to increase the cost-effectiveness of a microalgae culture system is to use resources of low costs, such as residues. This study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of microalgae isolated from the Brazilian Northeast region (Lagerheimia longiseta, Monoraphidium contortum, and Scenedesmus quadricauda) in an alternative medium of low cost (biocompost of discarded fruits and vegetables) with a view to possible applications in the food industry. Microalgae cultivated in the conventional synthetic medium was used as control. The cultivation of microalgae in the alternative medium allowed suitable cell growth, and improved the antioxidant activity and the levels of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid compared to the synthetic medium. The cultivation of S. quadricauda and L. longiseta species in the alternative medium resulted in increased protein content and/or total phenolic content, and improved health indices (lower levels of atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids indices, and higher levels of desired fatty acids index) compared to cultivation in synthetic medium. The cultivation of M. contortum in the alternative medium contributed to the production of higher lipid content, mainly saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid), which contributed negatively to the health indices. This study proved that S. quadricauda and L. longiseta microalga species from freshwaters have significant potential for distinct applications in functional food industries, and the biocompost of discarded fruits and vegetables is a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation.

Evaluation of the water quality in a conservation unit in Central-West Brazil: Metals concentrations and genotoxicity in situ.

This study assessed the quality of vegetation cover in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI, Upper Paraná River basin, MS, Brazil), the concentration of metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Ni) in water and muscle and hepatic tissues of five fish species collected in the PEVRI - Hemiodus orthonops, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus, Pterodoras granulosus and Pimelodus maculatus - in addition to non-carcinogenic risk assessment and genotoxicity potential in these species. Regarding vegetation index, we found that only 26.25% of the PEVRI area is occupied by denser vegetation. In the sites analyzed, Cd, Cu, Fe and Ni showed high concentrations in water, above the reference values established by the legislation. In the muscle and hepatic tissues of the fish species analyzed, Cd and Pb values exceeded the reference limits. The genotoxic alterations identified in erythrocytes of the fish species studied were nuclear invagination, nuclear budding, picnosis, binucleated cell and lobulate nucleus. For the non-carcinogenic risk assessment in fish, Cd and Pb presented values greater than 1, indicating risk in the consumption of these fish. In the bioaccumulation factor, Cd and Pb were greater than 100 in all fish species analyzed, except for Pb in L. friderici. The results indicated that the water resources of the PEVRI are being affected by some type of contaminant, probably due to anthropic activities carried out around the park or carried from the upper portions of the basin through the drainage system.

Modulation of nitrogen metabolism of maize plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Herbaspirillum seropedicae.

Maize is highly responsive to the application of nitrogen to achieve high productivity. Inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria can improve plant growth with low N fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the inoculation of two species of diazotrophs on N metabolism in maize plants, in the presence of two concentrations of nitrogen in a hydroponic system. A factorial arrangement composed of two N levels (3.0 and 0.3 mM), with the presence of Hs-Herbaspirillum seropedicae, and Ab-Azospirillum brasilense or not. The parameters used were dry mass; N, P, and K accumulation; nitrate reductase activity; soluble fractions in roots and leaves. The inoculation altered the N metabolism and promoted greater development of maize plants, as well as a higher accumulation of P and K in the shoots. A more intensive process of N assimilation was evidenced when the plants were inoculated with H. seropedicae, leading to increased levels of NO3- and reduced N-amino, sugars, and NH4+ in leaves associated with high N level, opposite of A. brasilense.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus intake can prevent the development of Candidiasis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus intake on the development of candidiasis and cytokines release. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Candida suspensions were inoculated into the oral cavity of experimentally immunosuppressed mice for candidiasis induction. The animals were divided into experimental groups: candidiasis with no probiotic intake (F), candidiasis with probiotic intake during Candida inoculation (FP), and candidiasis with probiotic intake 14 days before inoculation with Candida (FPP); and control groups: (C), (CP), and (CPP) without inducing candidiasis with probiotic intake in the same manner as groups F, FP, and FPP, respectively. After these periods, samples were collected from the oral cavity for yeast counts and, after euthanasia, the tongues of the animals were removed for histological analysis. Sera samples were also collected for analysis of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10. RESULTS: FP group showed lower Candida counts in the oral cavity, and the presence of Candida was almost not detected in FPP group. In tissues, the counts of fungi were significantly lower in FPP group, followed by FP. Groups that consumed probiotics also had lower histological and inflammatory infiltrates compared to F. Cytokines analysis demonstrated low concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 in all the groups, and no statistical difference between them. The production of IL-6 could be better detected, and the experimental groups that consumed the probiotic showed significant lower levels of this cytokine. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that L. rhamnosus intake, especially preventively, may avoid or decrease the development of candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This work adds scientific evidences that probiotics intake can avoid the development of candidiasis.

A difícil tarefa de escolher o parto natural / La difícil tarea de escoger el parto natural / The difficult task of choosing natural childbirth

RESUMO O movimento de busca pelo protagonismo feminino no parto, surge mediante reivindicações femininas pelos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos em meados do século XX, o que promoveu conquistas na saúde da mulher nos últimos 30 anos no Brasil. Objetivo: Compreender motivações de mulheres usuárias do Epi-no à escolha do parto natural entre 2013-2015, descrevendo elementos facilitadores (EF). Material e método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada numa Universidade do interior de São Paulo/ Brasil. Utilizou-se o Feminismo Dialógico e a Metodologia Comunicativa /MC como referenciais teórico-metodológicos, por meio de relatos de 7 mulheres, gravados em áudio, transcritos e analisados. Resultados: Idade 22-38 anos; todos partos vaginais, 2 tiveram laceração (1° grau) e 1 episiotomia, 6 primíparas, 2 multíparas, idade gestacional variou de 36-41 semanas, 3 realizaram, além do Epi-no, massagem, contração e relaxamento, 6 tiveram doulas e a escolaridade variou entre 3° grau e pós-graduação. Elaboraram-se 14 temáticas, agrupadas em EF e ED (elementos dificultadores): Conhecendo sua história; apoio da família/profissional/doula; Preparação física e psicológica para o parto; e, reconhecendo as fases do trabalho de parto. Essas foram reagrupados em 2 categorias da MC: mundo da vida e sistema e apontaram recomendações em consenso com as mulheres. Conclusão: As pessoas (mundo da vida) possuem papel importante como transformadoras sociais. Motivadas e informadas encontram encorajamento e segurança, produzindo mudanças e demonstrando que crenças, culturas, medos em torno do parto podem ser desmistificados.

ABSTRACT The movement for the search of female protagonism in childbirth arises from the feminist demands for sexual and reproductive rights in the middle of the twentieth century, which has encouraged achievements in women's health for the last 30 years in Brazil. Objective: To understand the motivations of women using the Epino device to choose natural childbirth, between 2013 and 2015, describing facilitating elements (FE). Materials and method: This qualitative study was held in a university in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. Dialogic Feminism and Communicative Methodology (CM) were used as theoretical and methodological references, through the reports of seven women, which were recorded in audio, transcribed and analyzed. Results: Age range to 38 years; all with vaginal deliveries, 2 had lacerations (1st grade), and 1 an episiotomy; 6 primiparous, 2 multiparous; gestional age ranged from 36 to 41 weeks; 3 underwent massage, contraction and relaxation besides Epi-no use, 6 had doulas, and educational level varied between college graduated and postgraduate. Fourteen themes were elaborated, grouped in FE and difficulty elements (DE): Knowing their history; Hiding the game; Family/professional/doula support; Physical and psychological preparation for childbirth; and, Recognizing the phases of labor. These were regrouped into 2 CM categories: the world of life and systems, and elaborated recommendations in consensus with the women. Conclusion: It was shown that people (the world of life) play an important role as social transformers. When motivated and informed, they find encouragement and security, producing change and demonstrating that beliefs, cultures, and fears about childbirth can be demystified.

RESUMEN El movimiento de búsqueda por el protagonismo femenino en el parto, surge a partir de reivindicaciones por los derechos sexuales y reproductivos a mediados del siglo XX, que promovió los logros en la salud de la mujer en los últimos 30 años en Brasil. Objetivo: Comprender las motivaciones de mujeres usuarias del Epino para la elección de un parto natural, entre 2013-2015, describiendo los elementos facilitadores (EF). Material y método: Investigación cualitativa, realizada en una universidad en el interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Fue utilizado el Feminismo Dialógico y la Metodología Comunicativa/MC como referencial teórico-metodológico, por medio de los reportes de 7 mujeres, grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas. Resultados: Edad 22-38 años, todas parto vaginal, 2 tuvieron laceración (primer grado) y 1 episiotomía; 6 primíparas, 2 multíparas; la edad gestacional osciló entre 36-41 semanas; 3 se realizaron, además de Epi-no, masaje, contracción y relajación, 6 tuvieron comadronas y la escolaridad osciló entre 3er grado y cursos de posgrado. Se elaboraron 14 temas, agrupados en EF y ED (elementos dificultadores): Conocer su historia; El apoyo de la familia/profesional/doula; Preparación física y psicológica para el parto; y, Reconociendo las etapas del trabajo de parto. Estos se han agrupado en 2 categorías de MC: mundo de la vida y sistemas y señalaron las recomendaciones de consenso con las mujeres. Conclusión: Se demostró que las personas (el mundo de la vida) tienen una importante función social de transformación. Motivadas e informadas para encontrar aliento y seguridad, produciendo cambios y demostrando que las creencias, culturas, miedos alrededor del parto pueden ser desmitificadas.

Are there clinical signs and symptoms of infection to indicate the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in venous ulcers?

The selection of topical and systemic therapies for the treatment of venous ulcers with signs of infection is challenging and should be accompanied by specific precautionary measures to protect against cross-contamination in the presence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. However, there are still no clinical indicators for this situation, and confirmation of resistant strains occurs through culture and sensitivity, which can take up to 14 days. During this period, protective measures may no longer be taken, contributing to the spread of these pathogens. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between clinical signs and symptoms of infection in venous ulcers and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and/or Pseudomonas spp. A cross-sectional study was developed including 69 patients with 98 venous ulcers. Clinical observation protocol was applied to detect infection indicators established by the European Wound Management Association and microbiological analysis of samples of the lesions. Fisher's exact test and χ2 were used for analyses (P < 0.05). Two indicators of infection predominated (f >70%): discoloration of the opaque type and/or dark brick red and increased exudate volume; 31 (31.6%) ulcer samples showed positive culture for the bacteria studied. There was no relationship between signs and symptoms of infection and the presence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Taking into account the percentage of lesions with resistant strains, for safe care, contact precautionary measures should be implemented in the treatment rooms, in addition to standard precautions.

Development and nitrate reductase activity of sugarcane inoculated with five diazotrophic strains.

Diazotrophs are able to stimulate plant growth. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of inoculation of five diazotrophic strains on growth promotion and nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.7.1.1) activity in sugarcane. An experiment was carried out from three stages of cultivation: sprouting, tubes, and in hydroponics. On the first two stages, seven treatments were adopted: uninoculated control; mixed inoculation with five strains; and individual inoculation with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd), Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (Hr), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (Hs), Nitrospirillum amazonense (Na), and Paraburkholderia tropica (Pt). The four treatments showing the best performance were transferred to the hydroponic system for analysis of NR activity. Hs, Pt, and the mixture of all strains led to the highest seedling biomass in tubes, followed by Hr. In hydroponics, the mixture and the strain Hr had the highest growth-promoting effect. NR activity was influenced by inoculation only under low N supply conditions, with positive effect of Hr, Pt, and the mixture.

Análise do Perfil de Sensibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas de bacteremias em um hospital universitário / Análisis de la susceptibilidad de los antimicrobianos frente a bacterias aisladas de bacteriemias en un hospital universitario / Analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from bacteriemias in a university hospital

Introdução: bacteremia é uma das complicações mais frequentes e graves que acometem, principalmente pacientes imunodeprimidos. É responsável por prolongar o período de hospitalização e está associada com elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes internados. Objetivo: identificar os microrganismos associados à bacteriemia e analisar seu perfil de sensibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos em um Hospital Terciário. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e transversal, no qual foram incluídas todas as hemoculturas em que houve o crescimento de microrganismos viáveis. Resultados: um total de 1080 amostras foram avaliadas neste estudo. O patógeno mais isolado foi o Staphylococcus epidermidis (24 por cento/n=259), seguido do Staphylococcus hominis (6,8 por cento/n=74). Todas as bactérias Gram-positivas foram sensíveis frente à daptomicina, tigeciclina, linezolida e vancomicina. Além do mais, 42,31 por cento dos isolados do gênero Staphylococcus foram caracterizados fenotipicamente como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa resistentes à meticilina (MRSCoN). Conclusão: a maioria das bacteremias foram ocasionadas por Staphylococcus coagule negativos (SCoN). Entre esses, uma taxa considerável foi resistente à meticilina. Dessa forma, o antibioticoterapia deveriam ser reconsiderados, principalmente nos pacientes que sobem a bordo escolas nas unidades críticas(AU)

Introducción: La bacteriemia es una de las complicaciones más comunes y graves que afectan principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Incrementa la hospitalización y se relaciona con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar los microorganismos asociados con bacteriemia y analizar su perfil de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo y transversal que incluyó todos los hemocultivos que mostraron crecimiento de microorganismos viables. Se estudiaron 1080 cultivos. Resultados: El organismo más aislado fue Staphylococcus epidermidis (24 por ciento / n = 259), seguido por Staphylococcus hominis (6,8 por ciento / n = 74). Todas las bacterias grampositivas fueron susceptibles a la daptomicina, tigecyline, vancomicina y linezolid. Por otro lado, el 42,31 por ciento de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos aislados se caracterizaron fenotípicamente como resistente a la meticilina (MRSCon). Conclusiones: la mayoría de las bacteriemias fueron causadas por Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo con una importante resistencia a la meticilina; en consecuencia, la institución debe volver a analizar el tratamiento antibiótico principalmente para pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados críticos(AU)

Introduction: bacteremia is one of the most common and serious complications that mainly affect immunocompromised patients. It accounts for the extension of hospitalization and is related to high morbidity and mortality rates in inpatients. Objective: to identify microorganisms associated with bacteremia and to analyze their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in a tertiary hospital. Methods: retrospective and cross-sectional study including all the hemocultures that showed viable microorganism growth. Results: one thousand eighty samples were evaluated in this study. The most isolated pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermidis (24 percent/n=259), followed by Staphylococcus hominis (6.8 percent/n=74). All Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to Daptomycin, Tigecyline, Vancomycin and Linezolid. On the other hand, 42.31 percent of the isolated Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were phenotipically characterized as methicillin-resistant (MRSCon). Conclusions: the majority of bacteriemias was caused by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus with significant methicillin-resistance; consequently, the institution must reanalyze the antibiotic treatment mainly for hospitalized patients in critical care units(AU)

[Assessment of competencies of community health workers for epidemiological data collection]. / Avaliação de competências de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde para coleta de dados epidemiológicos.

The scope of this study was to assess competencies in terms of reading, comprehension and problem-solving using educational material created for epidemiological research on people with disabilities. A form with twenty multiple-choice questions was prepared and distributed to a sample of 348 community health workers (CHWs) in the State of Paraíba. The socioeconomic profile revealed that, within the sample, most of these CHWs are female, between 30-49 years of age, married or in a stable relationship, with two children and have graduated from high school. Over 98% of CHWs are government employees and more than half have been working for more than eight years in the same community, predominantly in the urban area. The score for overall performance evaluation ranged from 33 to 60 points, with the mean score of 53.44 ± 4.88 points. This means that the CHWs were able to resolve over 65% of the questions properly. The overall performance was positively correlated with education and negatively with age, having children and the time taken to complete high school education. The overall results indicate the increasing professionalization and education of the CHWs and their potential role as collaborators in basic scientific research to make generalizations about public health.

[Sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a teaching hospital playroom]. / Perfil de sensibilidade de Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. isolados de brinquedos de brinquedoteca de um hospital de ensino.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial from the isolated strains. METHODS: Samples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique. RESULTS: The genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventythree strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys. CONCLUSIONS: Toys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated.

Acinetobacter spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes aos carbapenêmicos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul / Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Objetivos: Avaliar as características de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de Acinetobacter spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, isolados entre agosto de 2011 a janeiro de 2012 de pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, na cidadede Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo através da consulta ao banco de dados do Laboratório de Microbiologia, onde foram incluídos todos os isolados de Acinetobacter spp. e P. aeruginosa provenientes de diferentes espécimes clínicos coletados de pacientes internados que apresentaram resistência ou perfil intermediário aos antimicrobianos carbapenêmicos de uso neste nosocômio (imipenem, meropenem e ertapenem) verificados através de metodologia convencional pela técnica de difusão do disco (Kirby-Bauer) ou metodologia automatizada (MicroScan® ? Siemens) de acordo com as normas preconizadas pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Resultados: No período estudado foram encontradas 58 amostras de bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, sendo 32 do gênero Acinetobacter e 26 P. aeruginosa. Acinetobacter spp. foi mais isolado na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo, enquanto P. aeruginosa prevaleceu no Pronto Atendimento e no Ambulatório. Ambos os microrganismos provieram principalmente de secreções respiratórias.Conclusões: Neste estudo Acinetobacter spp. e P. aeruginosa apresentaram elevada resistência aos antimicrobianos. A polimixina B mostrou-se um bom antimicrobiano para o tratamento de infecções por microrganismos resistentes aos carbapenêmicos neste nosocômio.

Aims: To evaluate the characteristics of antimicrobial susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from August 2011 to January 2012 from inpatients at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by consulting the database of the Microbiology Laboratory, which included all isolates ofAcinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa from different clinical specimens collected from hospitalized patients who had resistant or intermediate profile to carbapenemic antimicrobials used in this hospital (imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem) verified through conventional methodologyby disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) or automated method (MicroScan® ? Siemens) according to the standards recommended by the Clinical andLaboratory Standards Institute.Results: In the studied period 58 samples of nonfermenters Gram-negative bacilli resistant to carbapenems were found, 32 of the genus Acinetobacter and 26 of P. aeruginosa. Acinetobacter spp. was more isolated in the intensive care unit, while P. aeruginosa prevailed in the emergency and outpatient departments. Both microorganisms came mainly from respiratory secretions.Conclusions: In this study, Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa showed high antimicrobial resistance. Polymyxin B was a good antimicrobial for the treatment of infections caused by microorganisms resistant to carbapenems in this hospital.

Trabajadores del área de salud de un hospital oncológico colonizados por microorganismos multidroga resistentes / Trabalhadores da área de saúde de um hospital oncológico colonizados por micro-organismos multi-droga-resistentes / Oncology hospital health workers colonized by multi-drug resistant microorganisms

Estudio transversal con trabajadores de salud en un Hospital de referencia en oncología de 02/2009 a 12/2010. Se objetivó caracterizar el perfil de los profesionales colonizados por microorganismos multirresistentes y verificar su adhesión a Higiene de las Manos y utilización de Equipamientos de Protección Individual (EPI). Para identificarlos, se utilizó entrevista, recolección de saliva y análisis microbiológicos. Datos tratados con SPSS(R) 19.0. Se observaron aspectos éticos (protocolo 040/08). Se encontraron 148 profesionales colonizados, 29,7% por microorganismos multirresistentes. El 75% trabajaba 40 horas semanales o más. Sin relación entre categoría profesional y estar colonizado, ni entre estar colonizado y vínculos laborales. Todos refirieron higienizar sus manos, la mayoría con frecuencia (97,8%). Respecto al EPI, 91% informó su utilización. Teniendo en cuenta la población atendida, se verifica la necesidad de reforzar medidas preventivas y de control de infecciones en la institución, entre ellas, implantar vigilancia microbiológica activa de los profesionales (AU)

Estudo transversal com trabalhadores da saúde em um Hospital referência em oncologia de 02/2009 a 12/2010. Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil dos profissionais colonizados por micro-organismos multirresistentes e verificar a adesão desses a Higienização das Mãos e ao uso dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI). Para a identificação destes utilizou-se de entrevista, coleta de saliva e análises microbiológicas. Tratamento dos dados no Software SPSS(R)/19.0. Observou-se os aspectos éticos (protocolo-040/08). Colonizados 148 profissionais sendo por micro-organismos multirresistentes 29,7%. Trabalhavam 40 horas semanais ou mais 75%. Não houve relação entre a categoria profissional e estar colonizado, nem estar colonizado e vínculos de trabalho. Todos referiram higienizar as mãos e realizá-la com frequência (97,8%). Quanto ao EPI verificou-se que 91% relataram a sua utilização. Tendo em vista a população assistida verifica-se que é necessário reforçar as medidas de prevenção e controle de infecções da instituição estando dentre essas a vigilância microbiológica ativa dos profissionais

Cross-sectional study conducted with health workers of an Oncology Hospital between 02/2009 and 12/2010. The objective was to characterize the profile of workers colonized by multi-drug resistant microorganisms and identity their adherence to Hand Washing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The subjects were interviewed, a sample of saliva was collected and microbiological analyses were performed. Data were treated using SPSS(R)/19.0. All ethical aspects were considered (protocol-040/08). A total of 148 workers were colonized, 29.7% by multi-drug resistant microorganisms. Most (75%) worked 40 weekly hours or more. It wasn’t found any relationship between the professional category and being colonized, or between being colonized and types of work contracts. All subjects reported washing hands; 97.8% frequently. Regarding PPE, 91% reported adherence. Infection control and prevention measures at the studied institution must be improved, which includes an active microbiological surveillance of workers (AU)

[Could endogamy explain the higher prevalence of disabilities in the population of the Brazilian Northeast?]. / A endogamia explicaria a elevada prevalência de deficiências em populações do Nordeste brasileiro?

Despite conceptual inaccuracies and methods of measurement, the WHO estimates that about 10% of the world population has some form of disability. In order to investigate the prevalence and etiology of disabilities and to evaluate if they could be associated with inbreeding, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using the informant method in five communities of the state Rio Grande do Norte in the Brazilian Northeast, in which consanguineous marriages frequencies varied between 9 and 32%. The average prevalence of disabilities in the five sampled communities was 4.53%, obtained by interviews that involved 37.87% of a population of 39,054 inhabitants. On average, 25% of consanguineous and 12% of non-consanguineous couples had one or more children with disabilities. The increased rate of individuals with disabilities in the Brazilian Northeast could be associated with the maintenance of the tradition of consanguineous marriages in these populations and some of these disabilities may be caused by genetic disorders.

Effect of the yellow passion fruit peel flour (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa deg.) in insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

BACKGROUND: A study with the yellow passion fruit peel flour showed positive action in blood glucose control as therapies' adjuvant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we evaluated its effect on insulin sensitivity since there is a quest for studies that focus at better understanding of insulin resistance aspects in diabetic patients. Furthermore its relationship with chronic complications can also give good prospects for alternative treatments. METHODS: A total of 43 type 2 diabetes volunteers (28 females and 15 males) ingested 30 g/day of the yellow passion fruit peel flour for two months. The levels of blood glucose and fasting insulin, HOMA index and glycated hemoglobin were measured for each patient before and after dietary supplementation. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the fasting blood glucose values (P = 0.000) and glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.032) after supplementation. It was also seen a reduction in HOMA IR (P = 0.005) in the supplemented group, however it was not observed changes in insulin values for females. HOMA beta (P = 0.000) showed significant increase in its values for the studied group. CONCLUSIONS: The supplementation used decreased insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting a positive action in blood glucose control as adjuvant therapy in conventional treatments.

Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis, with and without the use of an intracanal optical fiber: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new technique introduced in endodontics that combines the action of a photosensitizer (dye) and a low intensity light source. Currently, there are no PDT studies evaluating the microbial disinfection of root canals in order to compare the effects of light delivery systems in the photosensitizer activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PDT effectiveness in reducing Enterococcus faecalis, with and without the aid of an intracanal optical fiber. METHODS: Extracted single-rooted teeth were selected, instrumented, inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into six groups: one control group (untreated), one conventionally-treated group (1% NaOCl irrigation) and four PDT-treated groups. Irradiation (diode laser) was performed with (OF) or without an intracanal optical fiber (NOF) using two different irradiation times: 1 min and 30 sec (IT(90)) or 3 min (IT(180)). Samples were collected before and after testing procedures and CFU/mL was determined. RESULTS: The greatest reduction of E. faecalis (99.99%) was achieved with irrigation with 1% NaOCl. PDT also significantly reduced E. faecalis in the following decreasing order: OF/IT(180), NOF/IT(180), OF/IT(90) and NOF/IT(90), with no significant statistical difference among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PDT was effective against E. faecalis, regardless of the use of an intracanal optical fiber.