ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) could improve the bioavailability and chondroprotective benefits of mesenchymal stem cells injected into the knees of rats used as an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and degradation of type II collagen (COL2-1) in the cartilage. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) were collected from three male Fischer 344 rats and characterized by flow cytometry. Fifty female Fischer 344 rats were distributed into five groups of 10 animals each. These groups were as follows: control, OA, OA PBMT, OA ADSC, and OA ADSC PBMT. OA was induced in the animals using a 4% papain solution. Animals from the OA ADSC and OA ADSC PBMT groups received an intra-articular injection of 10 × 106 ADSCs and were treated with PBMT by irradiation (wavelength: 808 nm, power: 50 mW, energy: 42 J, energy density: 71.2 J/cm2, spot size: 0.028). Euthanasia was performed 7 days after the first treatment. The use of PBMT alone and the injection of ADSCs resulted in downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MPs in cartilage compared to the OA group. PBMT and ADSCs caused upregulation of tissue inhibitors of MPs 1 and 2 and mRNA and protein expression of COL2-1 in cartilage compared to the OA group. The intra-articular injection of ADSCs and PBMT prevented joint degeneration resulting from COL2-1 degradation and modulated inflammation by downregulating cytokines and MMPs in the OA group.
Subject(s)
Collagen Type II/metabolism , Low-Level Light Therapy , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Osteoarthritis/radiotherapy , Animals , Collagen Type II/genetics , Combined Modality Therapy , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Gene Expression , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , Osteoarthritis/enzymology , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344ABSTRACT
Taking into account the problems on the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 andHTLV-2) laboratory diagnosis in samples analyzed at Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, it was proposed anew algorithm employing two blood samples serially collected. The first serum sample was for serological screening using two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and the second blood sample collected on EDTA was for retesting EIAs and to confirm HTLV-1/2 infection by Western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results obtained on 313 blood samples showed inefficiency of this algorithm as only 25% of EIAs positive samples had a second blood sample collected, and of which the blood were correctly collected on EDTA from three patients only. No feasible data were achieved to compare the actual performance of PCR in relation to WB. Thus, we started to use a simple algorithm (one step) for diagnosing HTLV-1/2 ona single blood sample collected on EDTA for screening and confirmatory assays.
Em vista dos problemas detectados no diagnóstico de infecção pelos vírus linfotrópicos de células T humanas dos tipos 1 e -2 (HTLV-1 e HTLV-2) em casuística encaminhada ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, foi proposto um novo algoritmo de testes laboratoriais que utiliza duas amostras de sangue seqüenciais. Na primeira o sangue é coletado em tubo seco e feita triagem sorológica com dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos (EIAs). Na segunda, o sangue é coletado em tubo contendo o anticoagulante ácido etilenodiamino tetraacético (EDTA) para a repetição dos EIAs e para os testes confirmatórios de Western blot (WB) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Os resultados obtidos com 313 amostras de sangue mostraram ineficiênciado algoritmo, pois nos casos EIA reagentes, apenas 25% tiveram uma segunda amostra de sangue coletada e destas, apenas três em EDTA. Portanto, não foi possível comparar o desempenho da PCR em relação ao WB. Um algoritmo simples, de coleta única de sangue em tubo contendo EDTA foi proposto e vem sendo utilizado para a triagem e para os testes confirmatórios.