Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome following COVID-19 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine.

The challenge of COVID-19 has rapidly changed medical management worldwide. The relatively small time from pandemic to vaccines regulatory approval triggered a race toward vaccines development. However, important questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain. A case of complete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) Syndrome that occurred 4 days following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and another patient that developed VKH 14 days post COVID-19 clinical onset are presented. A causal relationship between COVID-19 and uveitis may exist.

Ocular changes due to the treatment of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess retrospectively the ocular changes in children and adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) in a tertiary pediatric rheumatology service. METHODS: This study assessed 117 JSLE patients (85.5% female, 60.7% non-Caucasian), who met at least four criteria of the 1997 SLE classification of the American College of Rheumatology. Their mean age was 10.4 years, and their mean time of disease progression was 5.4 years. A protocol containing clinical and demographic data, ophthalmologic complaints and changes, age of onset, duration of medication use, and cumulative medication dose was applied. RESULTS: Of the 117 patients, 24 (20.5%) had ocular changes. Sixteen of them had abnormal fundoscopy associated with systemic hypertension and/or use of chloroquine; four had cataract; two had glaucoma; and two had cataract and glaucoma. The mean age of ocular change onset was 14.1 years. Patients with ocular changes received statistically higher and longer doses of glucocorticoid pulse therapy as compared with patients without ocular changes [1.5 (0.4 to 1.6) versus 1 (0.2 to 1.6) mg/kg, P = 0.003; 25.7 (2-99) versus 17.8 (1-114) months, P = 0.0001, respectively]. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of ocular changes relating mainly to the treatment of JSLE was observed. This demonstrates the need for regular ophthalmologic examinations even in asymptomatic patients, aiming at the early diagnosis and intervention, and at decreasing the ocular morbidity related to that disease.