ABSTRACT
Poisoning of livestock by ingestion of Thapsia garganica L, common plant in many countries of North Africa, is described.
Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic , Apiaceae , Plants, Toxic/poisoning , Africa, Northern , Angelica , Animals , Caproates/analysis , Caprylates/analysis , Gastroenteritis/chemically induced , Gastroenteritis/pathology , Hemiterpenes , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Pentanoic Acids/analysis , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plant Roots/poisoning , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/pathology , Poisoning/physiopathology , Rats , Thapsigargin/analysisABSTRACT
Poisoning of livestock by ingestion of Urginea maritima L (squill), a common plant of coastal Mediterranean regions of North Africa is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Plant Poisoning/etiology , Plants, Toxic/poisoning , Africa, Northern , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Bufanolides/poisoning , Bufanolides/toxicity , Cardiac Glycosides/toxicity , Cardiotonic Agents/toxicity , Lethal Dose 50 , Plant Poisoning/pathology , Plant Poisoning/therapyABSTRACT
Dromedaries are particularly susceptible to toxicity from certain drugs at doses harmless to other ruminants. The pharmacokinetics of drugs may be different in dromedary and in cattle. This paper reviews the toxicity and adverse reactions of certain therapeutic agents to dromedary.
Subject(s)
Camelus , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Analgesics/adverse effects , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Cattle , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Species Specificity , Trypanocidal Agents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Poisoning of livestock by ingestion of Retama raetam W, a common plant in arid countries of North Africa, is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Plant Poisoning , Plants, Medicinal , Africa, Northern , Animals , Dogs , Horses , Mice , Rabbits , RatsSubject(s)
Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/poisoning , Cattle Diseases/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Monoterpenes , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Terpenes/poisoning , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Africa, Northern , Animals , Bicyclic Monoterpenes , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/analysis , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Terpenes/analysisSubject(s)
Atropine/poisoning , Muscarinic Antagonists/poisoning , Parasympatholytics/poisoning , Plant Poisoning , Scopolamine/poisoning , Africa, Northern , Antidotes/therapeutic use , Atropine/chemistry , Atropine/metabolism , Humans , Muscarinic Antagonists/chemistry , Muscarinic Antagonists/metabolism , Parasympatholytics/chemistry , Parasympatholytics/metabolism , Plant Poisoning/diagnosis , Plant Poisoning/physiopathology , Plant Poisoning/therapy , Scopolamine/chemistry , Scopolamine/metabolismABSTRACT
A large number of ruminants are often lost in Niger due to poisoning caused by Pergularia tomentosa L. This plant traditionally used to tan skin was experienced in goats. The symptoms observed, the post-mortem findings and the search for toxic compounds suggest that P. tomentosa contains tannins. In addition, this plant most likely also includes substances with cardiac effects.
Subject(s)
Goat Diseases/etiology , Plants, Toxic , Animals , Goats , NigerABSTRACT
Arsenic is an important heavy metal intoxicant to livestock. Arsenical pesticides present significant hazards to animal health. The toxicity of arsenic varies with several factors--its chemical form, oxidation states, solubility. The phenylarsonic compounds are the least toxic and are used as feed additives in swine and poultry rations. However, roxarsone has a higher absolute toxicity than arsanilic acid. The mechanism of action is related to its reaction with sulfhydryl groups values to enzyme function and to its ability to uncouple oxydative phosphorylation. Most animals excrete arsenic quite readily. Toxicoses caused by inorganic and aliphatic organic arsenicals result in a different clinical syndrome than that from the phenylarsonic compounds. Arsenic poisoning may be confused with other types of intoxication. The specific antidote for inorganic arsenical poisoning is dimercaprol (BAL).
