ABSTRACT
Clinico-pathological profiles were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Sixty-two clinical cases of T. annulata infection in adult and young Friesian cattle were diagnosed during the period from August 1999 to July 2000. Symptoms observed were marked fever, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, inappetance, tachycardia, dyspnoea and weakness. The most prominent gross pathological features were jaundice, petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages involving mucosal and serosal surfaces of many organs as well as body fat. A number of young and adult Friesian cattle undergoing lethal T. annulata infection developed lymphoma-like lesions in a manner similar to that of T. parva. The main histological findings were necrosis and severe lymphocytic infiltration. The spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches were devoid of typical lymph nodules.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Theileriasis/epidemiology , Animals , Cattle , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , Theileria annulata/isolation & purification , Theileriasis/parasitology , Theileriasis/pathologyABSTRACT
The biochemical parameters were studied in adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulatta in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Forty-three clinical cases of tropical theileriosis were studied, together with 40 clinically healthy Friesian cattle. Cattle clinically infected with T. annulata had significantly lower serum total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron and copper concentrations and significantly higher AST activity and bilirubin concentration than the healthy cattle.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/blood , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Theileria annulata/growth & development , Theileriasis/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Bilirubin/blood , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Calcium/blood , Cattle , Copper/blood , Creatinine/blood , Female , Iron/blood , Magnesium/blood , Male , Parasitemia/blood , Parasitemia/parasitology , Parasitemia/veterinary , Phosphorus/blood , Potassium/blood , Saudi Arabia , Theileriasis/parasitologyABSTRACT
The Abbott Cell Dyn 3500 haematology analyzer was employed to study haematological parameters in 41 adult and young Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Comparison was made with clinically healthy adult and young Friesian cattle. Changes in blood parameters in T. annulata-infected cattle indicated severe macrocytic hypochromic anaemia, panleukopenia, lymphocytopenia, eosinopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia but no reticulocytosis.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Hypochromic/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/blood , Theileriasis/blood , Anemia, Hypochromic/blood , Anemia, Hypochromic/etiology , Anemia, Hypochromic/parasitology , Animals , Blood Cell Count/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/etiology , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , Parasitemia/blood , Parasitemia/veterinary , Saudi Arabia , Theileria annulataABSTRACT
The drug sensitivities of 16 Trypanosoma evansi isolates from Sudan were examined using two different in vitro assays and rodent models. IC50 values (concentration which inhibited incorporation of 3H-hypoxanthine by 50%) obtained in a 40 h assay indicate that most of the isolates were resistant to suramin, a drug which has not been used in Sudan since 1975. Sensitivities for suramin in a 10-day-in vitro assay varied within a 124-fold range. The in vitro results were confirmed by infection/treatment experiments in mice. Sensitivities in vitro for quinapyramine varied within a 166-fold range. In mice, the least sensitive isolates were not cured with dosages up to 10 mg/kg quinapyramine. Based on in vitro results, all isolates appeared to be susceptible to isometamidium.
Subject(s)
Camelus , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanosoma/drug effects , Trypanosomiasis, African/veterinary , Animals , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/veterinary , Drug Resistance , Female , Hypoxanthine/metabolism , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Phenanthridines/pharmacology , Quinolinium Compounds/pharmacology , Scintillation Counting , Sudan , Suramin/pharmacology , Trypanosoma/growth & development , Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy , Trypanosomiasis, African/parasitologyABSTRACT
Five diagnostic tests for infection with Trypanosoma evansi have been compared in groups of camels experimentally infected or exposed to natural infection in the Sudan. The correlation of positive results obtained by assays of IgM levels, the mercuric chloride test and the formol gel test with the presence of active infection was unsatisfactory, but there was a good correlation between results obtained using IFAT and ELISA and proven infection. Sera from a high proportion of apparently uninfected camels from endemic areas gave positive reactions with all 5 tests, possibly indicating inadequate parasitological diagnosis or persistence of antibody after unsatisfactory chemotherapy. It was concluded that serological tests using trypanosomal antigens to detect antibodies were more sensitive for diagnosis than indirect tests based on raised euglobulin levels. Serodiagnostic tests may therefore have a place in future programmes for surveillance and control of T. evansi infections in camels.
