ABSTRACT
To investigate the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) of reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation caused by Camrelizumab, so as to provide reference for clinical rational use of drugs. Searching for case reports of Camrelizumab-induced reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) in databases such as China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Database, CNKI, Wanfang Medical, PubMed, Wiley online library, Embase with "Carritzumab/Ericab," "SHR-1210," "Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation," "Reactive capillary hemangiomas," and "Capillary proliferation" as search terms. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to February 2022. After eliminating clinical trials and incomplete literature, information of patients included in the literature was analyzed, which included gender, age, reason for medication, usage and dosage, time of ADR, concomitant medication, clinical manifestations, intervention measures, outcomes of patients, etc. A total of 11 articles involving 16 patients were included, including 11 males and five females, with an average age of 60.5 years. Reasons for medication included nine cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), four cases of liver cancer, one case of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one case of synovial sarcoma, and one case of Hodgkin lymphoma. Thirteen patients recorded in detail that the dosage of Camrelizumab was 200 mg, and the frequency of medication was q2w~q4w. Eight patients were treated with Camrelizumab alone, and eight patients were treated with combined medication. RCCEP occurred in nine patients after the first medication, and in seven patients after two-four cycles of medication, the average medication cycle was two cycles, and the average occurrence time was 12.5 days after the last medication. The main clinical manifestations were that several different sizes of growths such as red nevus-like, pearl-like, and mulberry-like growths appear on the head, face, neck, torso, limbs, and other parts of the body, all of which were grade 1-2. The RCCEP of all patients was controlled after treatment. During the treatment, 11 patients were stable and five patients were local remission. RCCEP is caused by Camrelizumabis a special skin immune response, which will not cause life-threatening to patients. However, clinicians and pharmacists should be familiar with the characteristics and regularities of the adverse reaction, to do a good job in medication monitoring and management, as for ensuring the safety of patients with medication.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an extremely important static structure that stabilizes the structure of the knee joint. Many scholars have found that an insufficient understanding of normal anatomical structure and biological characteristics of the ACL results in poor outcomes in the ACL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of single-bundle and double-bundle single-tunnel techniques in ACL reconstruction with allogeneic tendon. METHODS: (1) Anatomy research: Six fresh knee joints were used for the experiments, and X-ray, CT and MRI were taken for each sample to confirm no osteoclasia, tumor and collapse of ACL. Then the ACL was stripped from the tibial bone and used to run hematoxylin-eosin staining and observe the fiber distribution of each piece of the ACL. (2) Clinical research: A total of 40 cases of ACL arthroscopic reconstruction were involved in this study, including 19 single-bundle ones and 21 double-bundle ones. The International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 subjective knee form (IKDC2000), Tegner and Lysholm evaluations were performed in all the patients. Paired t-test was used to analyze the IKDC, Tegner and Lysholm scores before operation and at follow-up time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Anatomy research: From the view of anatomy, there was no evidence to support the double beams of the ACL at the tibial end by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Clinical research: Forty patients (40 knee joints) were successfully followed for over 12 months, and their joint range of motion was normal. The IKDC, Tegner and Lysholm scores were all improved in both two groups after the surgery, while the Larson scores were significantly higher in the double-bundle group than the single-bundle group. To conclude, the single-tunnel double-bundle ACL reconstruction is better to restore the knee stability than the single-bundle ACL reconstruction. This is an easy operation that has the merits of operating conveniently, restoring the normal anatomy of the tibial end, and exhibiting excellent short-term therapeutic effects. However, its long-term effects are uncertain.
