Long-term effects of hemodialysis in diabetic patients with end stage renal disease.

The long-term effects of hemodialysis in diabetic patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) may seem minor, yet with further examination are seen to touch every aspect of the patients' lives. The long-term effects range from vascular access issues, complications such as limb amputation, to feelings of loss of control as well as hopelessness and powerlessness. This article will highlight how the long-term outcomes and effects of hemodialysis with diabetes cause multisystem problems and multiple complications in patients.

Detection of spermatozoal antibodies by radioassay: a comparative evaluation.

Antibodies to human spermatozoa were produced in rabbits and a portion of each rabbit antiserum was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Fractionated and unfractionated antisera were used to compare a new indirect radioimmunoassay for spermatozoal antibodies with one indirect immunofluorescent, one microagglutination, and one macroagglutination assay. No significant difference in sensitivity was found when comparing the two agglutination assays. The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test appeared to be more sensitive than the agglutination tests, but endpoints were more difficult to interpret. The radioimmunoassay was the most sensitive procedure tested. The radioassay is not difficult to perform, but requires the preparation of a 125I-labeled antiglobulin reagent.