Functional Group-driven Competing Mechanism in Electrochemical Reaction and Adsorption/Desorption Processes toward High-capacity Aluminum-Porphyrin Batteries.

Nonaqueous organic aluminum batteries are considered as promising high-safety energy storage devices due to stable ionic liquid electrolytes and Al metals. However, the stability and capacity of organic positive electrodes are limited by their inherent high solubility and low active organic molecules. To address such issues, here porphyrin compounds with rigid molecular structures present stable and reversible capability in electrochemically storing AlCl2+. Comparison between the porphyrin molecules with electron-donating groups (TPP-EDG) and with electron-withdrawing groups (TPP-EWG) suggests that EDG is responsible for increasing both HOMO and LUMO energy levels, resulting in decreased redox potentials. On the other hand, EWG is associated with decreasing both HOMO and LUMO energy levels, leading to promoted redox potentials. EDG and EWG play critical roles in regulating electron density of porphyrin π bond and electrochemical energy storage kinetics behavior. The competitive mechanism between electrochemical redox reaction and de/adsorption processes suggests that TPP-OCH3 delivers the highest specific capacity ~171.8 mAh g-1, approaching a record in the organic Al batteries.

Trehalose along with ABA promotes the salt tolerance of Avicennia marina by regulating Na+ transport.

Mangroves grow in tropical/subtropical intertidal habitats with extremely high salt tolerance. Trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) have an alleviating function against abiotic stress. However, the roles of trehalose in the salt tolerance of salt-secreting mangrove Avicennia marina is not documented. Here, we found that trehalose was significantly accumulated in A. marina under salt treatment. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose can enhance salt tolerance by promoting the Na+ efflux from leaf salt gland and root to reduce the Na+ content in root and leaf. Subsequently, eighteen trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (AmTPS) and 11 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (AmTPP) genes were identified from A. marina genome. Abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements were predicted in AmTPS and AmTPP promoters by cis-acting elements analysis. We further identified AmTPS9A, as an important positive regulator, that increased the salt tolerance of AmTPS9A-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana by altering the expressions of ion transport genes and mediating Na+ efflux from the roots of transgenic A. thaliana under NaCl treatments. In addition, we also found that ABA could promote the accumulation of trehalose, and the application of exogenous trehalose significantly promoted the biosynthesis of ABA in both roots and leaves of A. marina. Ultimately, we confirmed that AmABF2 directly binds to the AmTPS9A promoter in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we speculated that there was a positive feedback loop between trehalose and ABA in regulating the salt tolerance of A. marina. These findings provide new understanding to the salt tolerance of A. marina in adapting to high saline environment at trehalose and ABA aspects.

Differences in Genomic Alterations and Accumulations of Heavy Metals Between Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with and without Bone Metastasis.

Purpose: Bone metastasis (BoM) has been closely associated with increased morbidity and poor survival outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given its significant implications, this study aimed to systematically compare the biological characteristics between advanced NSCLC patients with and without BoM. Methods: In this study, the genomic alterations from the tumor tissue DNA of 42 advanced NSCLC patients without BoM and 67 patients with BoM and were analyzed by a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. The serum concentrations of 18 heavy metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: A total of 157 somatic mutations across 18 mutated genes and 105 somatic mutations spanning 16 mutant genes were identified in 61 out of 67 (91.05%) patients with BoM and 37 of 42 (88.10%) patients without BoM, respectively. Among these mutated genes, NTRK1, FGFR1, ERBB4, NTRK3, and FGFR2 stood out exclusively in patients with BoM, whereas BRAF, GNAS, and AKT1 manifested solely in those without BoM. Moreover, both co-occurring sets of genes and mutually exclusive sets of genes in patients with BoM were different from those in patients without BoM. In addition, the serum concentrations of Cu and Sr in patients with BoM were significantly higher than in patients without BoM. One of our aims was to explore how these heavy metals associated with BoM interacted with other heavy metals, and significant positive correlations were observed between Cu and Co, between Cu and Cr, between Sr and Ba, and between Sr and Ni in patients with BoM. Given the significant impacts of molecular characteristics on patients' prognosis, we also observed a noteworthy negative correlation between EGFR mutations and Co, alongside a significant positive correlation between TP53 mutations and Cd. Conclusions: The genomic alterations, somatic interactions, key signaling pathways, functional biological information, and accumulations of serum heavy metals were markedly different between advanced NSCLC patients with and without BoM, and certain heavy metals (e.g., Cu, Sr) might have potentials to identify high-risk patients with BoM.

A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States.

Mapped monthly data products of surface ocean acidification indicators from 1998 to 2022 on a 0.25° by 0.25° spatial grid have been developed for eleven U.S. large marine ecosystems (LMEs). The data products were constructed using observations from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, co-located surface ocean properties, and two types of machine learning algorithms: Gaussian mixture models to organize LMEs into clusters of similar environmental variability and random forest regressions (RFRs) that were trained and applied within each cluster to spatiotemporally interpolate the observational data. The data products, called RFR-LMEs, have been averaged into regional timeseries to summarize the status of ocean acidification in U.S. coastal waters, showing a domain-wide carbon dioxide partial pressure increase of 1.4 ± 0.4 µatm yr-1 and pH decrease of 0.0014 ± 0.0004 yr-1. RFR-LMEs have been evaluated via comparisons to discrete shipboard data, fixed timeseries, and other mapped surface ocean carbon chemistry data products. Regionally averaged timeseries of RFR-LME indicators are provided online through the NOAA National Marine Ecosystem Status web portal.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing as an Effective Diagnostic Tool for Talaromycosis in HIV-Negative Patients.

The diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients remains challenging. There is an urgent need for rapid and convenient methods to diagnose this complicated disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for talaromycosis in non-HIV-infected patients by comparing mNGS with traditional microbial culture. In total, 66 samples from 57 patients were analyzed via both mNGS and microbial culture. The ROC curve showed a sensitivity for mNGS of 97.22%, which was greater than that of microbial culture (61.11%). Samples from the respiratory tract, infectious skin lesions, and lymph nodes are recommended as routine samples for talaromycosis detection via mNGS. Furthermore, mNGS significantly reduced the diagnostic time compared to microbial culture. Overall, our study demonstrated that mNGS is a promising tool for rapid and accurate pathogenic detection in HIV-negative patients with talaromycosis.

Ti3C2T x -AuNP based paper substrates for label-free SERS detection of bacteria and multimodal antibacterials.

Bacterial infections have become a serious global health problem due to the misuse of antibiotics which causes the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely studied in recent years as a method to combat the development of bacterial resistance. However, PPT may cause damage to the human body due to excessive laser power. Therefore, it is important and urgent to develop a multifunctional platform that can sensitively detect bacteria and effectively inhibit or kill bacteria at low laser power. Herein, a novel multifunctional paper substrate of Ti3C2T x -AuNP was successfully synthesized by a self-assembly and freeze-drying method for bacterial detection and photothermal sterilization at low laser power. The typical Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the Gram-positive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were used as models to perform label-free, rapid and sensitive detection of bacteria based on the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method with detection limits as low as 105 CFU mL-1 and 5 × 105 CFU mL-1, respectively, demonstrating the paper substrate's ability to detect bacteria with sensitivity and accuracy. The paper substrate of Ti3C2T x -AuNP exhibits significant antibacterial effects when irradiated with 808 nm light at a low laser power of only 300 mW cm-2 and a short irradiation time of 5 minutes, and the germicidal rates for E. coli and MRSA were 99.94% and 92.71%, respectively. At the same time, the paper substrate of Ti3C2T x -AuNP also produces a variety of reactive oxygen species under 808 nm laser irradiation, resulting in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Accordingly, this paper substrate of Ti3C2T x -AuNP can not only sensitively detect bacteria, but also has photothermal and photodynamic sterilization, providing a promising countermeasure for the clinical treatment of diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Multi-feature Fusion Network on Gray Scale Ultrasonography: Effective Differentiation of Adenolymphoma and Pleomorphic Adenoma.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: to develop a deep learning radiomics graph network (DLRN) that integrates deep learning features extracted from gray scale ultrasonography, radiomics features and clinical features, for distinguishing parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) from adenolymphoma (AL) MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 287 patients (162 in training cohort, 70 in internal validation cohort and 55 in external validation cohort) from two centers with histologically confirmed PA or AL were enrolled. Deep transfer learning features and radiomics features extracted from gray scale ultrasound images were input to machine learning classifiers including logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), KNN, RandomForest (RF), ExtraTrees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and MLP to construct deep transfer learning radiomics (DTL) models and Rad models respectively. Deep learning radiomics (DLR) models were constructed by integrating the two features and DLR signatures were generated. Clinical features were further combined with the signatures to develop a DLRN model. The performance of these models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS: In the internal validation cohort and external validation cohort, comparing to Clinic (AUC=0.767 and 0.777), Rad (AUC=0.841 and 0.748), DTL (AUC=0.740 and 0.825) and DLR (AUC=0.863 and 0.859), the DLRN model showed greatest discriminatory ability (AUC=0.908 and 0.908) showed optimal discriminatory ability. CONCLUSION: The DLRN model built based on gray scale ultrasonography significantly improved the diagnostic performance for benign salivary gland tumors. It can provide clinicians with a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic approach, which holds important clinical significance and value. Ensemble of multiple models helped alleviate overfitting on the small dataset compared to using Resnet50 alone.

The metabolic regulation mechanism of gallic acid on biogenic amines and nitrosamines in reduced-nitrite Chinese fermented sausages: A perspective of metabolomics and metagenomics.

Reducing nitrites tends to increase the accumulation of hazardous biogenic amines (BAs) in Chinese fermented sausages (CFSs). Gallic acid (GA) has emerged as a potential alternative to reduce nitrite usage and control BAs. This study explored how GA inhibits BAs and nitrosamines accumulation in reduced-nitrite CFSs. Results demonstrated that combining 0.05% (w/w) GA with reduced nitrite effectively curbed BAs and N-nitrosodimethylamine, decreasing total BA from 271.48 to 125.46 mg/kg. Fifty-one metabolites associated with the metabolism of BAs and N-nitrosodimethylamine were identified. GA boosted Lactococcus while reducing spoilage bacteria and Macrococcus. This dual regulation suppressed BAs and dimethylamine accumulation by regulating amino acids and trimethylamine pathways. Consequently, GA achieved an 89.86% reduction in N-nitrosodimethylamine by decreasing the key precursors like putrescine, dimethylamine, and nitrite. These findings offer new insights into utilizing GA and similar plant polyphenols to manage BAs and nitrosamines in meat products with reduced nitrite usage.

Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1), an enzyme integral to the hydrolysis of dipeptides containing histidine, plays an indispensable role in myriad physiological processes, including hydrolysis of proteins, maturation of specific biochemical functionalities within proteins, tissue regeneration, and regulation of cell cycle. However, the implications of CNDP1 in oncogenesis and its prognostic value are not yet fully elucidated. Initially, we procured the GSE40367 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus and established a protein-protein interaction network. Thereafter, we conducted functional and pathway enrichment analyses utilizing GO, KEGG, and GSEA. Moreover, we undertook an association analysis concerning the expression of CNDP1 with immune infiltration, along with survival analysis across various cancers and specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study uncovered a total of 2,248 differentially expressed genes, with a down-regulation of CNDP1 in HCC and other cancers. Our explorations into the relationship between CNDP1 and immune infiltration disclosed a negative correlation between CNDP1 expression and the presence of immune cells in HCC. Survival analyses revealed that diminished expression of CNDP1 correlates with an adverse prognosis in HCC and several other types of cancer. These observations intimate that CNDP1 holds promise as a novel prognostic biomarker for both pan-cancer and HCC.

Low-cost and efficient all group-IV visible/shortwave infrared dual-band photodetector.

Low-cost broadband photodetectors (PDs) based on group-IV materials are highly demanded. Herein, a vertical all group-IV graphene-i-n (Gr-i-n) structure based on sputtering-grown undoped Ge0.92Sn0.08/Ge multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on n-Ge substrate was proposed to realize efficient visible/shortwave infrared (VIS/SWIR) dual-band photoresponse. Harnessing Gr-germanium tin (GeSn)/Ge MQWs van der Waals heterojunctions, an extended surface depletion region was established, facilitating separation and transportation of photogenerated carriers at VIS wavelengths. Consequently, remarkable VIS/SWIR dual-band response ranging from 400 to 2000 nm with a rapid response time of 23 µs was achieved. Compared to the PD without Gr, the external quantum efficiency at 420, 660, and 1520 nm was effectively enhanced by 10.2-, 5.2-, and 1.2-fold, reaching 40, 42, and 50%, respectively. This research paves the way for the advancement of all group-IV VIS/SWIR broadband PDs and presents what we believe to be a novel approach to the design of low-cost broadband PDs.

The association of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and fear of falling among older adults: Data from the national health and aging trends study.

OBJECTIVES: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have been individually associated with fall-related outcomes, but their combined effect on fear of falling (FOF) has not been investigated. This study aims to examine the association between cardiometabolic multimorbidity and FOF in older adults. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, 4,295 community-dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years were analyzed in this longitudinal study. CMDs were assessed at baseline, including heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and hypertension. FOF was evaluated by asking participants if they worried about falling in the past month. Data were analyzed using multi-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was associated with a higher risk of FOF. The combination of heart disease and diabetes showed the highest risk of FOF (OR = 3.47, 95 % CI: 1.63-7.40). CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the combined impact of cardiometabolic multimorbidity on FOF in older adults.

Ucf-101 alleviates Ischaemia/Reperfusion induced retinal inflammation and injury via suppressing oxidative damage.

The Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor 5-[5-(2-nitrophenyl) furfuryliodine]-1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (Ucf-101) has shown neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. However, whether Ucf-101 can protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate the effects of Ucf-101 on RGCs apoptosis and inflammation after IR-induced retinal injury in mice. We injected Ucf-101 into the mouse vitreous body immediately after IR injury. After 7 days, hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to assess retinal tissue damage. Next, retrograde labeling with FluoroGold, counting of RGCs and TUNEL staining were conducted to evaluate apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were conducted to analyze protein levels. IR injury-induced retinal tissue damage could be prevented by Ucf-101 treatment. The number of TUNEL-positive RGCs was reduced by Ucf-101 treatment in mice with IR injury. Ucf-101 treatment inhibited the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 and activated the JNK/ERK/P38 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Ucf-101 treatment inhibited the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, Iba1 and CD68 in mice with IR injury. Ucf-101 prevents retinal tissue damage, improves the survival of RGCs, and suppresses microglial overactivation after IR injury. Ucf-101 might be a potential target to prevent RGCs apoptosis and inflammation in neurodegenerative eye diseases.

Comparing the accuracy of four machine learning models in predicting type 2 diabetes onset within the Chinese population: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models in predicting 5-year type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk within the Chinese population by retrospectively analyzing annual health checkup records. METHODS: We included 46,247 patients (32,372 and 13,875 in training and validation sets, respectively) from a national health checkup center database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify factors influencing T2DM risk. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and random forest (RF) models were trained to predict 5-year T2DM risk. Model performances were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for discrimination and calibration plots for prediction accuracy. RESULTS: Key variables included fasting plasma glucose, age, and sedentary time. The LR model showed good accuracy with respective areas under the ROC (AUCs) of 0.914 and 0.913 in training and validation sets; the RF model exhibited favorable AUCs of 0.998 and 0.838. In calibration analysis, the LR model displayed good fit for low-risk patients; the RF model exhibited satisfactory fit for low- and high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: LR and RF models can effectively predict T2DM risk in the Chinese population. These models may help identify high-risk patients and guide interventions to prevent complications and disabilities.

Adolescents' short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a critical period for individual growth and development. Insufficient sleep adversely affects adolescents' physical development, blood pressure, vision, and cognitive function. This study examined the effect of short-form video addiction on adolescents' sleep quality, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety, to identify methods for improving adolescents' sleep quality in the Internet era. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in this cross-sectional study on 1629 adolescents recruited from three high schools. Their short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality were evaluated using corresponding scales. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the relationships among short-form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety. Mediating effect analysis was constructed using AMOS 20.0 statistical software. RESULTS: Participants' sleep quality score is 6.12 ± 3.29 points. The detection rate of sleep quality among them is 31.06%. Short-form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety are significantly correlated (r = 0.439, 0.404, 0.457, P < 0.001). The direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248, accounting for 62.4% of the total effect. The indirect effect exerted through social anxiety is 0.149, accounting for 37.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disorders are very common among Chinese adolescents. Short-form video addiction is positively correlated with adolescents' sleep quality and social anxiety. Social anxiety partially mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality. The adverse effects of short-form video addiction and social anxiety on the sleep quality of this group must be minimized. Schools are recommended to implement measures to promote sleep quality among adolescents.

Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Performance Study of Sulfur Quantum Dots Modified MoS2.

The electrolysis of water for hydrogen production is currently receiving significant attention due to its advantageous features such as non-toxicity, safety, and environmental friendliness. This is especially crucial considering the urgent need for clean energy. However, the current method of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen largely relies on expensive metal catalysts, significantly increasing the costs associated with its development. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered the most promising alternative to platinum for electrocatalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its outstanding catalytic efficiency and robust stability. However, the practical application of this material is hindered by its low conductivity and limited exposure of active sites. MoS2/SQDs composite materials were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique to deposit SQDs onto MoS2. These composite materials were subsequently employed as catalysts for the HER. Research findings indicate that incorporating SQDs can enhance electron transfer rates and increase the active surface area of MoS2, which is crucial for achieving outstanding catalytic performance in the HER. The MoS2/SQDs electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding performance in the HER when tested in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. It achieves a remarkably low overpotential of 204 mV and a Tafel slope of 65.82 mV dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Moreover, during continuous operation for 24 h, the initial current density experiences only a 17% reduction, indicating high stability. This study aims to develop an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for water electrolysis. Additionally, it proposes a novel design strategy that uses SQDs as co-catalysts to enhance charge transfer in nanocomposites.

Association between exposure to organophosphorus pesticide and suicidal ideation among U.S. adults: A population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the potential link between exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and suicidal ideation (SI) among adults. METHODS: This study encompassed four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 5244 participants aged 20 and above. SI was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The levels of exposure to OPPs were estimated by analyzing concentrations of OPP metabolites in urine samples. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between exposure to each OPP and SI. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted across various groups, including pairwise combinations of gender and age, as well as body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were applied to assess the cumulative impact of exposure to the four OPPs on SI, along with their respective contributions. Additionally, the potential interactions among these four OPPs were evaluated. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) among OPPs demonstrated a statistically significant positive association with SI [OR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.37]. Stratified analyses indicated that the influence of OPPs on SI was particularly pronounced in young and older men. The WQS regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the mixed metabolites of OPPs and SI [OR = 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.16], with DMTP (weighted 0.63) contributing the most. Furthermore, the BKMR model supported a positive trend in the overall impact of these OPP metabolites on SI, displaying notable individual exposure-response relationships for DMTP (PIP: 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests an association between exposure to DMTP and an increased risk of SI. Specifically, young adult males and older males appear particularly susceptible to the effects of OPP exposure.

Compensatory effects of other olfactory genes after CRISPR/cas9 editing of BmOR56 in silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Bombyx mori is an oligophagous economic insect. Cis-Jasmone is one of the main substances in mulberry leaf that attract silkworm for feeding and BmOR56 is its receptor. Potential interaction ways between BmOR56 and cis-Jasmone were explored, which included some crucial amino acids such as Gln172, Val173, Ser176, Lys182, His322, and Arg345. BmOR56 was edited using CRISPR/cas9 for Qiufeng, and a homozygous knockout strain QiufengM was obtained. Compared with Qiufeng, the feeding ability of QiufengM on mulberry leaf did not change significantly, but on artificial diet decreased significantly. QiufengM also showed a dependence on the concentration of mulberry leaf powder. The result indicated that other olfactory genes had a compensatory effect on the attractance of mulberry leaf after the loss of BmOR56. Transcriptome analysis of antennae showed that many genes differentially expressed between Qiufeng and QiufengM, which involved in olfactory system, glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and insect hormone biosynthesis. Particularly, BmIR21, BmOR53 and BmOR27 were significantly up-regulated, which may have a compensatory effect on BmOR56 loss. In addition, detoxification mechanism was activated and may cause the passivation of feeling external signals in silkworm.

Chronic venous disease of lower limbs in young men at high-altitude: A cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) of lower limbs in young men at high-altitude in Xizang, and to provide prevention measures. METHODS: The convenient sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among males aged 18 to 40 above an altitude of 3000 meters in Xizang in April 2023. The contents of the questionnaire included basic information, symptoms of CVD of lower limbs, protection status and training needs. Multivariate logistic regression model was calculated to evaluate the risk factors for CVD. RESULTS: A total of 350 survey questionnaires were received, and 326 valid samples were collected. The prevalence of CVD of lower limbs (C1-C6) was 37.42% (95%CI: 32.17%-42.68%), the ratio of C0 to C5 were 62.58%, 27.30%, 3.07%, 4.60%, 2.15% and 0.31%, respectively, no one reached C6. The top three symptoms of CVD were lower limb fatigue (18.10%), heaviness (15.34%) and pain (13.19%). 46.01% of respondents were unaware of CVD, and 12.88% of respondents did not have any protective measures of CVD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR = 1.076, 95%CI: 1.018-1.137, p = .009), preference for spicy food (OR = 1.747, 95%CI: 1.083-2.818, p = .022), unbalanced diet (OR = 1.877, 95%CI: 1.049-3.358, p = .034) and physical exercise (OR 0.610, 95%CI: 0.377-0.986, p = .044) were the independent risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided data on the prevalence of CVD in young men at high-altitude and the risk factors for CVD. The findings of this study may facilitate the development of individualized clinical assessments and targeted prevention programs.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus aggravates coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive individuals based on coronary CT angiography: a retrospective propensity score-based study.

Background: The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on coronary atherosclerosis detected on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in hypertensive patients has attracted increasing attention. This study investigated the relationships of T2DM with coronary artery plaque characteristics and semiquantitative CCTA scores in hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: In this single-center study, 1,700 hypertensive patients, including 850 T2DM [HT(T2DM+)] and 850 non-T2DM [HT(T2DM-)] individuals, were retrospectively analyzed after propensity matching. Plaque type, extent, coronary stenosis, segment involvement score (SIS), segment stenosis score (SSS), and CT-based Leaman score (CT-LeSc) based on CCTA were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: HT(T2DM+) patients had more coronary segments with calcified plaque (2.08 ± 2.20 vs. 1.40 ± 1.91), mixed plaque (2.90 ± 2.87 vs. 2.50 ± 2.66), nonobstructive stenosis (4.23 ± 2.44 vs. 3.62 ± 2.42), and obstructive stenosis (1.22 ± 2.18 vs. 0.78 ± 1.51), a lower proportion of 1-vessel disease (15.3% vs. 25.5%), a higher proportion of 3-vessel disease (59.6% vs. 46.7%), and higher SIS (5.5 ± 3.1 vs. 4.4 ± 3.0), SSS (10.3 ± 8.5 vs. 7.7 ± 7.1), and CT-LeSc (9.4 ± 5.6 vs. 7.9 ± 5.2) than HT(T2DM-) patients (all P-values <0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that T2DM was an independent risk factor for calcified plaque [odds ratio (OR) = 2.213], obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 1.271), multivessel disease (OR = 1.838), SIS > 4 (OR = 1.910), SSS > 6 (OR = 1.718), and CT-LeSc > 5 (OR = 1.584) in hypertension population (all P-values <0.05). Conclusion: T2DM was independently associated with the presence of calcified coronary artery plaque and increased the risk of obstructive CAD, multivessel disease, and CT-LeSc > 5 in hypertensive patients. More attention should be given to the assessment and management for coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients with T2DM, as this population may have a higher risk of cardiovascular events.

A cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association study reveals novel susceptibility genes for migraine.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common neurological disorder with a strong genetic component. Despite the identification of over 100 loci associated with migraine susceptibility through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the underlying causative genes and biological mechanisms remain predominantly elusive. METHODS: The FinnGen R10 dataset, consisting of 333,711 subjects (20,908 cases and 312,803 controls), was utilized in conjunction with the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) v8 EQTls files to conduct cross-tissue transcriptome association studies (TWAS). Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) was employed to validate these findings in single tissues. Additionally, candidate susceptibility genes were screened using Gene Analysis combined with Multi-marker Analysis of Genomic Annotation (MAGMA). Subsequent Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses were conducted. Furthermore, GeneMANIA analysis was employed to enhance our understanding of the functional implications of these susceptibility genes. RESULTS: We identified a total of 19 susceptibility genes associated with migraine in the cross-tissue TWAS analysis. Two novel susceptibility genes, REV1 and SREBF2, were validated through both single tissue TWAS and MAGMA analysis. Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses further confirmed these findings. REV1 may reduce the migraine risk by regulating DNA damage repair, while SREBF2 may increase the risk of migraine by regulating cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION: Our study identified two novel genes whose predicted expression was associated with the risk of migraine, providing new insights into the genetic framework of migraine.