ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), as well as associated demographic and clinical features, in men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by means of a systematic, standardized evaluation. METHODS: We performed a transversal study in 8 tertiary care centers in Latin America. We included male patients ≥ 16 years who fulfilled ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE and had regular sexual activity, and evaluated them with the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaire. Relevant demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics were recorded. We included 2 control groups: the first was made up of healthy men and the second of men with autoimmune diseases other than SLE (non-SLE group). RESULTS: We included 590 subjects (174 SLE, 55 non-SLE, and 361 healthy controls). The prevalence of ED in the SLE group was 69%. Mean age in that group was 36.3 ± 1.03 years. Among SLE patients with and without ED, these factors were significantly different: the presence of persistent lymphopenia (p = 0.006), prednisone dose (9.3 ± 1.2 vs 5.3 ± 1.3 mg, p = 0.026), and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage score (1.25 ± 0.14 vs 0.8 ± 0.16 points, p = 0.042). Independent risk factors for ED in patients with SLE were persistent lymphopenia (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.37-5.70, p = 0.001) and corticosteroid use in the previous year (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.37-3.37, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Regardless of comorbidities, treatment (excluding steroids), and type of disease activity, patients with SLE have a high prevalence of ED, especially considering that most patients are young. Recent corticosteroid use and persistent lymphopenia, which could be related to endothelial dysfunction, are risk factors for this complication in men with SLE.
Subject(s)
Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adult , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy , Lymphopenia/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
The primary aim of this study was to assess demographic, clinical, and serological factors associated with remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A retrospective cohort study was performed. We examined relevant features in patients with SLE with a follow-up of at least 8 years from active disease (SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 [SLEDAI-2K] ≥6). The primary outcome was to assess various remission states in SLE according to disease activity and treatment. Differences between groups were assessed by Student's t test and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to assess association between variables, and we performed a Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank test to evaluate time to remission. One hundred twenty-four patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria: 116 (93.54%) were women with a mean age of 30.23 ± 8.52 years. Twenty-four patients (19.35%), 25 patients (20.16%), and 16 patients (12.9%) achieved complete remission, clinical remission on corticosteroids, and clinical remission off corticosteroids, respectively. SLEDAI-2K at 3rd month of follow-up (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73-0.98, p = 0.029) and total number of disease flares (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56-0.95, p = 0.024) were associated with complete remission, and total number of disease flares (HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67-0.95, p = 0.011) was associated with clinical remission on corticosteroids. Our findings are clinically relevant to encourage an intensive immunosuppressive treatment and close monitoring early after active disease.
