Mental, cognitive and physical outcomes after intensive care unit treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.

To compare mental, cognitive and physical outcomes between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, 3-6 months after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare mental outcomes between relatives of these patients. This retrospective cohort study included 209 ICU survivors (141 COVID-19 patients and 68 non-COVID-19 patients) and 168 of their relatives (maximum one per patient) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcomes were self-reported occurrence of mental, cognitive and/or physical symptoms 3-6 months after ICU discharge. The occurrence of mental symptoms did not differ between former COVID-19 patients (34.7% [43/124]) and non-COVID-19 patients (43.5% [27/62]) (p = 0.309), neither between relatives of COVID-19 patients (37.6% [38/101]) and relatives of non-COVID-19 patients (39.6% [21/53]) (p = 0.946). Depression scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were lower in former COVID-19 patients, compared to non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.025). We found no differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in cognitive and physical outcomes. Mental, cognitive and physical outcomes in COVID-19 ICU survivors were similar to non-COVID-19 ICU survivors. Mental symptoms in relatives of COVID-19 ICU survivors did not differ from relatives of non-COVID-19 ICU survivors, within the same time frame.

Exposure to Coxiella burnetii and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective population-based analysis in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: An association between Coxiella burnetii and non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been suggested. After a large Q fever epidemic in the Netherlands (2007-10), we postulated that the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma would be increased during and after the epidemic in areas with a high endemicity of Q fever compared with those with low endemicity. METHODS: We did a retrospective population-based analysis and calculated relative risks (RRs) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma during 1-year periods before, during, and after the Q fever epidemic, for areas with intermediate and high endemicity of Q fever compared with low endemic areas. We also calculated the RR of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in people with chronic Q fever compared with the general population. FINDINGS: Between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2013, 48 760 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were diagnosed. The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma ranged from 21·4 per 100 000 per year in 2002 to 26·7 per 100 000 per year in 2010. A significant association with non-Hodgkin lymphoma was noted in 2009 for areas with a high endemicity of Q fever compared with low endemic areas (RR 1·16, 95% CI 1·02-1·33; p=0·029); no further associations were noted in any other year or for areas with intermediate Q fever endemicity. Among 439 individuals with chronic Q fever, five developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma, yielding a crude absolute risk of 301·0 cases per 100 000 per year (RR 4·99, 95% CI 2·07-11·98; p=0·0003) compared with the general population in the Netherlands. INTERPRETATION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that Q fever has a relevant causal role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Several limitations, inherent to the design of this study, might lead to both underestimation and overestimation of the studied association. FUNDING: Foundation Q-support and Institut Mérieux.