[Transient erythema after alcohol consumption; a side effect of tacrolimus]. / Vluchtig erytheem na alcoholconsumptie.

BACKGROUND: Transient erythema after alcohol consumption is a side effect of topical tacrolimus use. The clinical picture is characterised by itching, a burning sensation and erythema, often at the site where tacrolimus is applied. The erythema develops shortly after alcohol consumption and disappears after approximately 1 hour. CASE DESCRIPTION: We are describing a patient who used a 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for periocular eczema and in whom transient erythema developed around the eyes after alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: The symptoms may be caused by the capsaicin-like effects of both tacrolimus and ethanol. Potential inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by tacrolimus may also play a role. Prophylactic treatment with acetylsalicylic acid before alcohol consumption reduces the symptoms.

Online-mediated syphilis testing: feasibility, efficacy, and usage.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of an online-mediated syphilis screening among men who have sex with men. METHODS: We developed a Web site that offered information about syphilis and motivated users to download a referral letter with which they could test for syphilis in a nonclinical setting. A week after the blood test, participants could retrieve their results online. To assess the feasibility and efficacy of the Web site we followed the users through the online procedure and compared the percentage of syphilis infected men detected online with those diagnosed at the local sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic, during the same time frame. The trial was divided into an initial period of online advertising (4 months) and no advertising (11 months) to examine how advertisements affect usage. RESULTS: During 15 months, 898 visitors downloaded a referral letter. Of these, 93 (10%) men tested and 96% (90 of 93) obtained their test results online. Through the Web site we found a significantly higher percentage of men who needed treatment for syphilis compared with the STI clinic (50% online vs. 24% STI clinic, P <0.01). Of the Online users who tested positive 33% (3 of 10) had never visited the STI clinic before. In the bannered period there was a monthly average of 15 testers compared with 3 per month in the nonbannered period. CONCLUSION: Online-mediated testing for syphilis is feasible and was more successful in detecting men who have sex with men with an early or late syphilis infection than standard procedures. However, longer promotion periods are needed to generate more usage of the online service.

Blood concentrations of pimecrolimus in adult patients with atopic dermatitis following intermittent administration of pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel) for up to 1 year.

OBJECTIVES: To determine blood concentrations of pimecrolimus after long-term intermittent administration of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adult patients with extensive atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS: This was an open-label, multiple topical dose study in adults with moderate to severe AD and a total body surface area (TBSA) involvement of at least 20%. Pimecrolimus cream 1% was administered twice daily according to treatment need for up to 12 months to all lesions, including the neck and face. Blood samples were collected at regular time points and pimecrolimus concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay with a limit of quantitation (LoQ) of 0.5 ng/ml. RESULTS: Forty patients (19 females), aged from 19 to 59 years, with moderate to severe AD entered the study. Twenty patients completed 6 months and 13 completed 1 year in the study. The individual blood concentrations of pimecrolimus were consistently low and there was no sign of drug accumulation. In 900 of the 918 samples examined (98%), pimecrolimus concentrations remained below the LoQ. The maximum concentration observed throughout the entire study was 0.8 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Long-term intermittent treatment of adult patients with extensive AD with pimecrolimus cream 1% is associated with minimal systemic exposure and no evidence of drug accumulation.

Effectiveness of a risk-based visitor-prioritizing system at a sexually transmitted infection outpatient clinic.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study the efficacy/effectiveness of a risk-based visitor-prioritizing system at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic aimed to improve screening capacity by providing tailored service. STUDY DESIGN: In April 2004, a prioritizing system was implemented that classifies visitors as high or low risk depending on reported sexual behavior and previous STI events. The high- and low-risk groups are assigned to standard and short screening protocols, respectively. Both protocols include diagnostic testing for syphilis, urogenital gonorrhea, chlamydia, and optional for HIV. To assess the effectiveness of the system, differences in prevalence of STI diagnoses in the standard and short protocol were analyzed by chi test. RESULTS: In total, 14,391 visitors (64%) received standard screening and 8,056 visitors (36%) received short screening. The STI prevalence in both groups was 18.1% and 7.6%, respectively (P <0.001); prevalence of HIV was 1.8% and 0.3%, respectively (P <0.001). The sensitivity of the prioritizing system was 74%. Specificity was substantially lower (42%). CONCLUSIONS: This prioritizing system is effective in differentiating between visitors at high and low risk for STI, contributing to provision of tailored STI service, increasing efficiency, and client access to STI service.

Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment compared with that of hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Vehicle-controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with 1% hydrocortisone acetate ointment in children 2 to 15 years of age with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS: Treatment was twice daily to affected areas for 3 weeks in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary endpoint was the modified eczema area and severity index (mEASI) mean area under the curve (mAUC) as a percentage of baseline. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty patients were randomized and received at least one application of ointment. Discontinuations included 21 of 189 patients from the 0.03% tacrolimus group, 13 of 186 patients from the 0.1% tacrolimus group, and 20 of 185 patients from the hydrocortisone acetate group. The median mEASI mAUC as a percentage of baseline showed 0.03% and 0.1% tacrolimus to be significantly more effective than 1% hydrocortisone acetate (P <.001) and 0.1% tacrolimus to be more effective than 0.03% tacrolimus (P =.006). The mEASI mAUC as a percentage of baseline was 44.8%, 39.8%, and 64.0% for patients who received 0.03% tacrolimus, 0.1% tacrolimus, and 1% hydrocortisone acetate, respectively. Transient skin burning was the only adverse event to show a higher incidence in the tacrolimus treatment groups than in the hydrocortisone acetate group (P <.05). Laboratory parameters showed no treatment differences and no marked changes over time. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus, 0.03% and 0.1%, was significantly more effective than 1% hydrocortisone acetate and 0.1% tacrolimus was more effective than 0.03% tacrolimus in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD in children. No safety concerns were identified.

Low systemic exposure after repeated topical application of Pimecrolimus (Elidel), SD Z ASM 981) in patients with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Pimecrolimus is a cell-selective inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine release developed specifically for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate blood concentrations and tolerability of pimecrolimus during topical treatment. METHODS: Twelve adult patients with extensive atopic dermatitis were enrolled in an open-label, noncontrolled, pharmacokinetic study. The patients were treated twice daily for 3 weeks with pimecrolimus cream 1% on all lesions. Pimecrolimus blood concentrations were measured at regular time points, and the safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: In 78% of the 444 blood samples evaluated, pimecrolimus concentrations remained below the limit of quantitation (0.5 ng/ml). The highest concentration measured was 1.4 ng/ml. There was no indication of drug accumulation. Pimecrolimus was well tolerated locally and systemically. CONCLUSION: The 3-week twice daily treatment with pimecrolimus cream 1% results in consistently low pimecrolimus blood concentrations with no accumulation. Pimecrolimus cream appears suitable for the long-term management of atopic dermatitis.