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1.
Neth J Med ; 77(3): 116-118, 2019 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31012429

ABSTRACT

Invasive meningococcal disease is associated with significant mortality. Classic presentation consists of high fever, headache and neck stiffness. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W may present with atypical symptoms, which complicates recognition. Furthermore, it is associated with a high case fatality rate.


Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Meningococcal Infections/complications , Meningococcal Infections/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup W-135 , Sepsis/microbiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Meningococcal Infections/diagnosis , Sepsis/diagnosis , Young Adult
2.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 96(4): 285-91, 2014 Feb 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24553884

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: With increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance and an increased infection risk due to more complicated surgical procedures and patient populations, prevention of surgical infection is of paramount importance. Intraoperative irrigation with an antiseptic solution could provide an effective way to reduce postoperative infection rates. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the bactericidal or cytotoxic characteristics of antiseptics, the combination of these characteristics for intraoperative application has not been addressed. METHODS: Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis) and human cells were exposed to polyhexanide, hydrogen peroxide, octenidine dihydrochloride, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine digluconate at various dilutions for two minutes. Bactericidal properties were calculated by means of the quantitative suspension method. The cytotoxic effect on human fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells was determined by a WST-1 metabolic activity assay. RESULTS: All of the antiseptics except for polyhexanide were bactericidal and cytotoxic at the commercially available concentrations. When diluted, only povidone-iodine was bactericidal at a concentration at which some cell viability remained. The other antiseptics tested showed no cellular survival at the minimal bactericidal concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Povidone-iodine diluted to a concentration of 1.3 g/L could be the optimal antiseptic for intraoperative irrigation. This should be established by future clinical studies.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Intraoperative Care/methods , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Biguanides/pharmacology , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chlorhexidine/analogs & derivatives , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Hydrogen Peroxide/therapeutic use , Imines , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Povidone-Iodine/pharmacology , Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use , Pyridines/pharmacology , Pyridines/therapeutic use , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis
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