Subject(s)
Anal Canal , Edema/veterinary , Food Additives/adverse effects , Swine Diseases/chemically induced , Vulva , Animals , Edema/chemically induced , Female , Male , SwineSubject(s)
Animals, Wild , Bird Diseases/chemically induced , Chloralose/poisoning , Poisoning/veterinary , Animals , BirdsSubject(s)
Carnivora/physiology , Ferrets/physiology , Sexual Behavior, Animal , Animals , Female , Housing, Animal/standardsABSTRACT
A case of malignant oedema following injection of fenprostalene in cattle is reported. The question is asked whether the vasoconstrictive action of prostaglandins may predispose to the establishment of anaerobes.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/etiology , Clostridium Infections/veterinary , Injections, Intramuscular/adverse effects , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Animals , Cattle , Clostridium Infections/etiology , Female , Jurisprudence , NetherlandsABSTRACT
Four cases of avian tuberculosis in two goshawks (Accipiter gentilis gentilis), a lanner falcon (Falco biarmicus sp.) and a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus) are reported. All birds, except for the kestrel, were affected with generalized tuberculosis. Clinically, the lanner falcon and kestrel showed lameness due to tuberculous arthritis of a knee joint. One of the goshawks died suddenly. On post-mortem examination, the bird was found to be emaciated, and there was involvement of one knee joint. The other goshawk showed convulsive seizures for three weeks before she died. Histological examination revealed tuberculous meningitis and encephalitis. The diagnosis was based on the detection of acid-fast organisms in every case and was verified in three cases by cultures of the causative organism. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of emaciation, lameness, arthritis, skin lesions, convulsions and frounce in raptors.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Avian/diagnosis , Animals , Bird Diseases/diagnosis , Birds , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Male , Mycobacterium avium/growth & development , Tuberculosis, Avian/microbiologyABSTRACT
Although avian tuberculosis is a common disease in raptors, the diagnosis is not often established in vivo. Mycobacterium avium, serotype 2, is the aetiological agent most commonly involved. As the disease may become apparent in a variety of clinical forms and as it is so common, routine screening for avian tuberculosis is advocated in any diseased raptor. X-ray examination should be a routine diagnostic procedure in diseased raptors. Laparoscopy is an important diagnostic tool in raptors. Laparoscopy followed by liver biopsy may be essential in the diagnosis of generalized avian tuberculosis. The usefulness of haematological examination in the diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in raptors should be studied. A diagnosis may be established by identifying acid-fast rods in a smear, followed by cultures of the organism on specific media. Of the immunological methods, tuberculination in conjunction with a rapid whole blood agglutination test would seem to be the most practical technique. However, closer examination of the practicability of the rapid whole blood agglutination test in the diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in raptors is desirable. Other immunological methods referred to in the literature are haemagglutination tests, an enzyme-labeled antibody test and a lymphocyte transformation test. Vaccination of birds against avian tuberculosis would appear to be possible, judging by the literature on the subject. Further study of this subject, however, is indicated to investigate the use of vaccinating birds of prey against this disease.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Avian/diagnosis , Vaccination/veterinary , Animals , Bacteriological Techniques , Birds , Immunologic Techniques , Laparoscopy/veterinary , Mycobacterium avium/immunology , Mycobacterium avium/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis, Avian/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Entropion in newborn lambs apparently is hereditary and not due to blepharospasm, as it is believed to be in dogs in some cases. A simple method of treatment is described: a wound clip measuring 14 mm. is applied parallel to the margin of the affected eyelid.
Subject(s)
Entropion/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/surgery , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Entropion/congenital , Entropion/surgery , Sheep , Surgical StaplersABSTRACT
The use of alpha-chloralose in poisoned eggs is conditionally permitted in the control of Corvidae. Chloralose does not have a selective action. Poisoning occurs in other egg-eating animals (hedgehogs) and, indirectly, in carrion-eating predators which prey on these unintended victims. A tentative diagnosis of alpha-chloralose poisoning in three buzzards (Buteo buteo) was based on the history, the clinical picture (identical with that in magpies with known chloralose poisoning), the complete recovery and the exclusion of other diseases. Other methods for the control of Corvidae are advocated.
