Effects of Diacetyl Flavoring Exposure in Mice Metabolism.

Diacetyl is a flavoring that imparts a buttery flavor to foods, but the use or exposure to diacetyl has been related to some diseases. We investigated the effect of oral intake of diacetyl in male and female C57/Bl mice. We performed a target metabolomics assay using ultraperformance liquid chromatography paired with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination and quantification of plasmatic metabolites. We observed alterations in metabolites present in the urea and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles. Peroxynitrite plasmatic levels were evaluated by a colorimetric method, final activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was evaluated by an enzymatic method, and mouse behavior was evaluated. Majority of the assay showed differences between control and treatment groups, as well as between genders. This may indicate the involvement of sex hormones in the regulation of a normal metabolic profile, and the implication of sex differences in metabolite disease response.

Translocação bacteriana na isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal: estudo experimental em ratos / Bacterial translocation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury with and without intestinal venous stasis – experimental model in rats

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a translocação bacteriana (TB) na isquemia-reperfusão hepática com e sem estase venosa intestinal. Para isto, desenvolvemos um modelo alternativo onde foram usadas bactérias com perfil de resistência como marcadores. 46 ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo I isquemia–reperfusão hepática com estase intestinal, grupo II isquemia–reperfusão hepática sem estase intestinal, grupo III controle cirúrgico e grupo IV controle não cirúrgico. Os animais foram colonizados com Enterococcus faecalis resistente a vancomicina e Escherichia coli produtora de betalactamase de espectro estendido. Amostra de fezes, tecido e sangue foram colhidas para análise microbiológica e o sangue porta e sistêmico para dosagem de endotoxina. Os resultados demonstraram que a TB ocorre em todos os grupos e a presença de endotoxina ocorre de forma marcante no grupo I...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial translocation in the liver ischemia and reperfusion phenomenon with and without intestinal stasis. For that, first we developed an alternative model for evaluation of bacterial translocation (BT) using bacterial strains in which antibiotical resistance were used as a marker. Four groups of rats were studied: group I total liver ischemia-reperfusion with intestinal stasis, group II partial liver ischemia-reperfusion without intestinal stasis, group III Sham operation and group IV control. At baseline, all animals were colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Stool, blood and tissues samples were collected for microbiological analysis and systemic and porta blood for endotoxin. The results indicated that the BT were presenting all groups, and the presence of endotoxin was significatively in group I...

Histopathology of tick-bite lesions in naturally infested capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in Brazil.

In the present work features of tick-bite lesions were evaluated in capybaras naturally infested with Amblyomma cajennense and Amblyomma dubitatum ticks. Gross appearance of tick bite site was characterized by a mild swelling and erythema. Microscopic examination revealed the cement cone, a tube-like homogenous eosinophilic mass penetrating deep into the dermis. This structure was surrounded in the dermis by a cellular infiltrate and free eosinophilic granules and was associated to edema of variable intensity. Necrosis was a common feature deep in the dermis particularly at the far end of the eosinophilic tube. Hyperplasia, cellular edema and occasionally necrosis of keratinocytes could be seen at both sides of the ruptured epidermis. Cellular infiltrate was constituted overwhelmingly by polymorphonuclear leukocytes with eosinophilic granules. In capybaras cells with such features can be either eosinophils or heterophils (pseudoeosinophils), the latter being the equivalent of neutrophils of other mammals. Ultrastructural analysis of the cellular infiltrate revealed the predominance of heterophils over eosinophils. Mononuclear cells and mast cells and, in lesser numbers, basophils were also seen at skin attachment sites. The presence of heterophils in the reaction of capybaras against Amblyomma ticks is an outstanding feature but its role in the reaction to the tick is not known. It is however speculated that capybara heterophils might be associated with a more permissive environment for tick feeding and pathogen transmission as already shown for the equivalent cell type, the neutrophil, in the reaction of the dog against the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick.