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1.
Diabetes Technol Ther ; 10(4): 283-93, 2008 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18715202

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Glucose is heterogeneously distributed in the different physiological compartments in the human skin. Therefore, for the development of a noninvasive measurement method, both a good quantification of the different compartments of human skin and an understanding of glucose transport processes are important. METHODS: The composition of human skin was quantified by histology research. Based on this information a mathematical model was developed to simulate glucose dynamics in human skin. RESULTS: The model predicts dynamically glucose concentrations in the different layers of the skin as a result of changes in blood glucose concentration. The model was validated with published time course data of blood and interstitial fluid glucose during a clamp study with three different set points for blood glucose, and model outcomes were compared to measurements for the lag time and gradient. According to the model, glucose in the interstitial fluid of the dermis best matches the amplitude and dynamics of blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: The new data obtained from quantitative histology appeared crucial for the model. The proposed model was successfully validated. This result was obtained without tuning or fitting of any parameter. It was shown how the model can be used to set standards for measurements and to define the best measurement depth for noninvasive glucose monitoring.


Subject(s)
Glucose/chemistry , Skin/chemistry , Water/chemistry , Adipose Tissue/chemistry , Adult , Algorithms , Dermis/chemistry , Epidermis/chemistry , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Lymph Nodes/chemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Reproducibility of Results , Skin/anatomy & histology , Skin/metabolism , Water/metabolism
2.
Opt Lett ; 30(17): 2314-6, 2005 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16190455

ABSTRACT

We present a ringdown absorption spectrometer based on a continuous-wave CO laser in the mid-infrared spectral region near lambda = 5 microm. Using a linear ringdown cavity (length, 0.5 m) with R > = 99.99% mirrors, we observed a noise-equivalent absorption coefficient of 7 x 10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2). This is 2 orders of magnitude improved compared with previous values. With this setup we studied the spectroscopic detection of carbonyl sulfide (here abbreviated OCS) traces in ambient air and in exhaled breath. We achieved a detection limit of 7 parts in 10(12) (parts per trillion) OCS in ambient air, which is unprecedented and shows great promise for environmental and biomedical applications.

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