Minimally invasive cerclage at the tibia using a modified Goetze technique: An anatomical study.

INTRODUCTION: The use of minimally invasive cerclages at the tibia is not very common. First, clinical results of a new operative technique published recently showed no increased complication rate. The aim of this anatomical study was to determine, if it is possible to introduce a minimally invasive cerclage at different levels of the tibia without encasing relevant nerves, vessels or tendons into the cerclage using this technique. HYPOTHESIS: The minimally invasive introduction of a cerclage at the tibia is possible without encasing relevant anatomical structures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the minimally invasive operative technique in 10 human cadaveric lower legs, cerclages were inserted at 4 different levels of each tibia. They were defined from proximal to distal as level 1-4. The legs were severed at the levels of the cerclages and examined for any relevant encased anatomical structures. Afterwards, the shortest distance between each relevant anatomical structure and the cerclage was measured. RESULTS: There was no encasing of any relevant anatomical structures in any specimen at any level. In the proximal half of the lower leg, the closest anatomical structures to the inserted cerclage were arteria et vena tibialis posterior (at level 1: 5.2 resp. 4.3mm, at level 2: 4.0 resp. 5.5mm). In the distal half of the lower leg arteria et vena tibialis anterior (level 3: 1.8 and 2.0mm, level 4: 1.6 and 1.5mm), nervus fibularis profundus (level 3: 2.2mm, level 4: 1.2mm) and the tendon of musculus tibialis posterior (level 3: 0.8mm, level 4: 1.1mm) were in closest proximity of the cerclage. DISCUSSION: The results of this anatomical study suggest that the minimally invasive insertion of cerclages at the tibia without encasing relevant anatomical structures is possible but requires a correct operative technique. The structures at highest risk are arteria et vena tibialis posterior in the proximal half of the tibia and arteria et vena tibialis anterior, nervus fibularis profundus and the tendon of musculus tibialis posterior in the distal half. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not applicable; experimental anatomical study.

Concomitant fractures in patients with proximal femoral fractures lead to a prolonged hospital stay but not to increased complication rates or in-house mortality if treated surgically: a matched pair analysis.

BACKGROUND: Impact of concomitant fractures on patients sustaining a proximal femur fracture remains unclear. Rising numbers and patient need for rehab is an important issue. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of concomitant fractures, including all types of fractures, when treated operatively, for proximal femur fractures on the length of hospital stay, in-house mortality and complication rate. METHODS: Observational retrospective cohort single-center study including 85 of 1933 patients (4.4%) with a mean age of 80.5 years, who were operatively treated for a proximal femoral and a concomitant fracture between January 2016 and June 2020. A matched pair analysis based on age, sex, fracture type and anticoagulants was performed. Patient data, length of hospital stay, complications and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: The most common fractures were osteoporosis-associated fractures of the distal forearm (n = 34) and the proximal humerus (n = 36). The group of concomitant fractures showed a higher CCI than the control group (5.87 vs. 5.7 points; p < 0.67). Patients with a concurrent fracture had a longer hospital stay than patients with an isolated hip fracture (15.68 vs. 13.72 days; p < 0.056). Complications occurred more often in the group treated only for the hip fracture (11.8%, N = 20), whilst only 7.1% of complications were recorded for concomitant fractures (p < 0.084). The in-house mortality rate was 2.4% and there was no difference between patients with or without a concomitant fracture. CONCLUSIONS: A concomitant fracture to a hip fracture increases the length of hospital stay significantly but does not increase the complication rate or the in-house mortality. This might be due to the early mobilization, which is possible after early operative treatment of both fractures.

A minimally invasive cerclage of the tibia in a modified Goetze technique: operative technique and first clinical results.

INTRODUCTION: In spiral fractures of the tibia, the stability of an osteosynthesis may be significantly increased by additive cerclages and, according to biomechanical studies, be brought into a state that allows immediate full weight bearing. As early as 1933, Goetze described a minimally invasive technique for classic steel cerclages. This technique was modified, so that it can be used for modern cable cerclages in a soft part saving way. METHOD: After closed reduction, an 8 Fr redon drain is first inserted in a minimally invasive manner, strictly along the bone and placed around the tibia via 1 cm incisions on the anterolateral and dorsomedial tibial edges using a curette and a tissue protection sleeve. Via this drain, a 1.7 mm cable cerclage can be inserted. The fracture is then anatomically reduced while simultaneously tightening the cerclage. Subsequently, a nail or a minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is executed using the standard technique. Using the hospital documentation system, data of patients that were treated with additional cerclages for tibial fractures between 01/01/2014 and 06/30/2020 were subjected to a retrospective analysis for postoperative complications (wound-healing problems, infections and neurovascular injury). Inclusion criteria were: operatively treated tibial fractures, at least one minimally invasive additive cerclage, and age of 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were: periprosthetic or pathological fractures and the primary need of reconstructive plastic surgery. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 96 tibial shaft spiral fractures were treated with a total of 113 additive cerclages. The foregoing resulted in 10 (10.4%) postoperative wound infections, 7 of which did not involve the cerclage. One lesion of the profundal peroneal nerve was detected, which largely declined after cerclage removal. In 3 cases, local irritation from the cerclage occurred and required removal of material. CONCLUSION: In the described technique, cerclages may be inserted additively at the tibia in a minimally invasive manner and with a few complications, thus significantly increasing the stability of an osteosynthesis. How this ultimately affects fracture healing is the subject of an ongoing study.

New ways of treatment of fractures of the humeral shaft: does the combination of intramedullary nail osteosynthesis and cerclage improve the healing process?

INTRODUCTION: The humeral shaft fracture is a rare fracture of the long bones with various treatment options. Dreaded complications such as lesions of the radial nerve or non-unions make the decision for what kind of therapy option more difficult. Biomechanically the upper arm is mostly exposed to rotational forces, which affect intramedullary nail osteosynthesis. Additive cerclage may compensate for these in spiral fractures. The aim of this study is to investigate what effect a combination of intramedullary nail osteosynthesis and limited invasive cerclage has on the rate of healing. In addition, this study addresses the question if complications arise as a result of cerclage. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 109 patients were evaluated, who, during a period of 6 years, underwent operative treatment of a humerus shaft fracture with a combination of intramedullary nail osteosynthesis and additive cerclage. The primary end point was to establish the rate of healing. A secondary end point was to evaluate complications such as infections and damage to the nerve. This was followed by an examination of patient files and X-ray images and a statistical analysis with SPSS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The healing process shows a non-union rate of 2.6%, and complications such as secondary radial nerve lesions of 4.6%. The antegrade intramedullary nail osteosynthesis with limited invasive, additive cerclage reduces the risk of non-union and does not lead to an increased risk of iatrogenic damage to the radial nerve. Wound healing was not impaired and there were no infections through the cerclage in our patient cohort.