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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; s.n; 20240000. 173 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1572490

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O objeto do estudo foi a Career Anchors Self-Assessment no contexto de enfermeiros brasileiros sob a ótica da saúde do trabalhador. Objetivos: Adaptar transculturalmente a Career Anchors Self-Assessment para o contexto brasileiro; Analisar evidências de validade de conteúdo, processo de resposta e estrutura interna da versão brasileira da Career Anchors Self-Assessment em uma amostra de enfermeiros; Discutir a validação da Career Anchors Self-Assessment para a realidade brasileira e a utilização da escala para reflexão sobre a saúde do trabalhador enfermeiro. Método: Estudo psicométrico, dividiu-se em duas etapas: 1 - Obtenção da versão brasileira da escala Career Anchors Self-assessment Adaptação Transcultural/validade de conteúdo e de processo de resposta. 2 - Evidências de validade relacionadas à estrutura interna da versão brasileira da Career Anchors Self-assessment. Resultados: Obteve-se a versão adaptada para o contexto de enfermeiros brasileiros da área hospitalar, do instrumento denominado de Autoavaliação de Âncoras de Carreira, composto 42 itens. Quanto à avaliação das evidências de validade da estrutura interna, foram encontrados dados satisfatórios para a AFC, AFE e Confiabilidade. Uma análise reflexiva pode ser feita a partir dos resultados, o modelo teórico das âncoras de carreira, originalmente criado com o perfil de administradores indicou para o autor, oito tipos de âncoras de carreira. Porém, ao aplicar para a enfermagem, teve-se uma evidência maior nas âncoras: Segurança e Estabilidade (SEG), Senso de serviço/ Dedicação a uma causa (SER), Autonomia e Independência (AUT)/Criatividade Empreendedora (CRI) e Competência Gerencial (GER). Considerações Finais: A versão brasileira, denominada Autoavaliação das Âncoras de Carreira, tem boa qualidade de tradução e evidências de validade de conteúdo e foram encontrados valores satisfatórios para o instrumento com 08 fatores latentes, confirmando a hipótese.


Introduction: The object of the study was the Career Anchors Self-Assessment in the context of Brazilian nurses from the perspective of occupational health. Objectives: To adapt the Career Anchors Self-Assessment cross-culturally to the Brazilian context; To analyze evidence of content validity, response process and internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Career Anchors Self-Assessment in a sample of nurses; To discuss the validation of the Career Anchors Self-Assessment for the Brazilian reality and the use of the scale for reflection on the health of the nursing worker. Method: Psychometric study, divided into two stages: 1 - Obtaining the Brazilian version of the Career Anchors Self-Assessment scale Cross-cultural adaptation/content validity and response process. 2 - Evidence of validity related to the internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Career Anchors Self-Assessment. Results: The adapted version for the context of Brazilian nurses in the hospital area was obtained, of the instrument called Self-Assessment of Career Anchors, composed of 42 items. Regarding the evaluation of the evidence of validity of the internal structure, satisfactory data were found for the AFC, AFE and Reliability. A reflective analysis can be made from the results, the theoretical model of career anchors, originally created with the profile of administrators indicated for the author, eight types of career anchors. However, when applied to nursing, there was greater evidence in the anchors: Security and Stability (SEG), Sense of Service/Dedication to a Cause (SER), Autonomy and Independence (AUT)/Entrepreneurial Creativity (CRI) and Management Competence (GER). Final Considerations: The Brazilian version, called Self-Assessment of Career Anchors, has good translation quality and evidence of content validity and satisfactory values were found for the instrument with 08 latent factors, confirming the hypothesis.


Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Occupational Health , Psychometrics , Career Choice , Nursing Service, Hospital
2.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 45(supl.2): S76-S84, July 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514203

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although not mandatory, medical residency has become a sine qua non condition for practicing in most medical specialties in Brazil. Residency programs are hosted mainly by university accredited academic centers and hospitals in the national public healthcare system, under guidance and accreditation by a national commission. Despite the importance of these programs for the development of the hematology workforce, few studies have addressed their characteristics and impact on society. Methods: We performed a comprehensive cross-sectional survey of a 35-year alumni cohort from a hematology academic residency program in Brazil. Results: In total, 86/98 (87.8%) responded to the survey. The mean age at residency completion was 28.5 years, 60.5% of the alumni were women and sixty-four (74.4%) self-declared their skin color as white. Higher rates of parental education attainment and low rates of trainee financial dependence were observed and these patterns were stable over time. While the proportion of trainees from other states increased steadily, the number of hematologists practicing in other states remained stable. Approximately half of the alumni worked both in the private and public sectors, mainly in malignant hematology and in outpatient clinics. Twenty-five percent of the alumni reported prior leadership and teaching positions, mainly as directors of transfusion services. Conclusion: Our results provide data that can be potentially useful for policymakers and curricular development in the planning of strategies concerning the future workforce of hematologists.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Education, Medical , Career Choice , Hematology , Internship and Residency
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37297587

ABSTRACT

The shortage of physicians in rural and underserved areas is an obstacle to the implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We carried out a systematic review to analyze the effectiveness of initiatives in medical education aimed to increase the supply of physicians in rural or underserved areas. We searched for studies published between 1999 and 2019 in six databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Interventional or observational controlled studies were defined as inclusion criteria. A total of 955 relevant unique records were selected for inclusion, which resulted in the identification of 17 articles for analysis. The admission of students from rural areas associated with a rural curriculum represented 52.95% of the interventions. Medical practice after graduation in rural or underserved areas was the most evaluated outcome, representing 12 publications (70.59%). Participants of these educational initiatives were more likely to work in rural or underserved areas or to choose family medicine, with significant differences between the groups in 82.35% of the studies. Educational strategies in undergraduate and medical residencies are effective. However, it is necessary to expand these interventions to ensure the supply of physicians in rural or urban underserved areas.


Subject(s)
Physicians , Rural Health Services , Humans , Medically Underserved Area , Family Practice , Curriculum , Students
4.
Rev. Bras. Odontol. Leg. RBOL ; 10(1): 02-08, 2023-06-26.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525059

ABSTRACT

Throughout the world, forensic odontology academic programmes have been designed and permeate discussions about international or local standard operational protocols, principles or guidelines requiring current technical and scientific knowledge. The heterogeneous groups of students who aim to pursue this career might have high educational and occupational aspirations that will be confronted with the labour markets. In this report, the authors briefly present aspects of the education and training that comprise the choice of a career in forensic odontology nowadays. In conclusion, the individual who opts for forensic odontology as a career must be prepared to find the confidence and resilience to practice professional skills in a unique and challenging field to comply with the society's expectation


Em todo o mundo, vários programas acadêmicos de Odontologia Legal têm sido criados e permeiam discussões sobre protocolos, princípios ou diretrizes operacionais, padrão internacional ou local, que exigem conhecimento técnico e científico atualizado. Os grupos heterogêneos de estudantes que pretendem seguir esta carreira poderão ter elevadas aspirações educativas e profissionais que serão confrontadas com os mercados de trabalho. Neste contexto, os autores apresentam brevemente aspectos da educação e formação que compõem a escolha de uma carreira em Odontologia Legal nos dias de hoje. Em conclusão, o indivíduo que opta pela Odontologia Legal como carreira deve estar preparado para encontrar confiança e resiliência para exercer habilidades profissionais em um campo único e desafiador para atender às expectativas da sociedade

5.
Hematol Transfus Cell Ther ; 45 Suppl 2: S76-S84, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35400622

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although not mandatory, medical residency has become a sine qua non condition for practicing in most medical specialties in Brazil. Residency programs are hosted mainly by university accredited academic centers and hospitals in the national public healthcare system, under guidance and accreditation by a national commission. Despite the importance of these programs for the development of the hematology workforce, few studies have addressed their characteristics and impact on society. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive cross-sectional survey of a 35-year alumni cohort from a hematology academic residency program in Brazil. RESULTS: In total, 86/98 (87.8%) responded to the survey. The mean age at residency completion was 28.5 years, 60.5% of the alumni were women and sixty-four (74.4%) self-declared their skin color as white. Higher rates of parental education attainment and low rates of trainee financial dependence were observed and these patterns were stable over time. While the proportion of trainees from other states increased steadily, the number of hematologists practicing in other states remained stable. Approximately half of the alumni worked both in the private and public sectors, mainly in malignant hematology and in outpatient clinics. Twenty-five percent of the alumni reported prior leadership and teaching positions, mainly as directors of transfusion services. CONCLUSION: Our results provide data that can be potentially useful for policymakers and curricular development in the planning of strategies concerning the future workforce of hematologists.

6.
Psico USF ; 28(2): 321-332, Apr.-June 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1448907

ABSTRACT

The expectations imposed on students to achieve good academic performance have continually increased. This study's objective was to explore how career adaptability, psychological capital, and mental health indicators predict student burnout. A total of 1,398 students intending to enter higher education in 2020 participated; most were women from the Southeast. The results indicate that perception of control and resilience protects students from exhaustion, while stress and depression favor its emergence. In addition, the concern, anxiety, optimism, and resilience constructs prevent disengagement, while depression facilitates disengagement to be experienced in daily life. These findings reinforce the relationship between personal resources and well-being in the academic environment. (AU)


A expectativa de bom desempenho acadêmico cresce gradualmente e desenvolver habilidades para lidar com os desafios do período do vestibular se faz cada vez mais importante. O objetivo deste artigo foi explorar como recursos de adaptabilidade de carreira, capital psicológico e indicadores de saúde mental predizem o Burnout de estudantes. Participaram deste estudo 1398 estudantes que visavam ingressar no ensino superior no ano de 2020, sendo maioria mulher e que pertencia à região sudeste. Os resultados indicaram que a percepção de controle e resiliência favorecem ao estudante a não vivenciar a exaustão, bem como o estresse e depressão favorecem o seu surgimento. Construtos de preocupação, ansiedade, otimismo e resiliência evitam o desengajamento e a depressão colabora para que este esteja presente no dia a dia. A partir disso, os achados desta pesquisa enfatizam a relação existente entre recursos pessoais e bem-estar no ambiente dos estudos. (AU)


La expectativa de un buen desempeño académico crece gradualmente y el desarrollo de habilidades para enfrentar desafíos del período vestibular es importante. El objetivo del artículo fue explorar cómo recursos de adaptabilidad a la carrera, Capital Psicológico y indicadores de salud mental predicen Burnout de estudiantes. Participaron 1398 estudiantes con objetivo de ingresar a la educación superior en 2020, la mayoría eran mujeres y pertenecían a región sureste. Resultados indicaron que percepción de control y resiliencia favorecen que el alumno no experimente agotamiento, así como el estrés y la depresión favorecen su aparición. Las construcciones de preocupación, ansiedad, optimismo y resiliencia previenen la desconexión y la depresión ayuda a asegurar que esté presente en la vida cotidiana. A partir de esto, los hallazgos de esta investigación enfatizan la relación entre los recursos personales y el bienestar en el ambiente de estudio. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Resilience, Psychological , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Psychometrics , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Students , Career Choice , Mental Health , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Depression/psychology , Optimism , Correlation of Data , Psychological Well-Being/psychology
7.
J Surg Res ; 279: 702-711, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35940048

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Gender-based discrimination (GBD) creates a hostile environment that can affect medical students. Mentorship has been recognized as a mitigating factor for GBD. We aimed to investigate the impacts of GBD on career selection and well-being of medical students in Brazil and to explore access to mentorship among these students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using an anonymous survey in Portuguese. The survey was distributed in June 2021 to students enrolled in Brazilian medical schools. It contained 24 questions, including demographics, episodes of GBD experienced by responders and their impact on professional and personal life, and mentorship access. RESULTS: Of 953 respondents, 748 (78%) were cisgender women, 194 (20%) cisgender men, and 11 nonbinary (1%). Sixty-six percent (625/953) of students reported experiencing GBD, with cisgender women and nonbinary being more likely to experience it than cisgender men (P < 0.001). Responders who experiences GBD report moderate to severe impact on career satisfaction (40%, 250/624), safety (68%, 427/624), self-confidence (68%, 426/624), well-being (57%, 357/625), and burnout (62%, 389/625). Cisgender women were more likely to report these effects than men counterparts (P < 0.01). Only 21% of respondents (201/953) had mentors in their medical schools. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that GBD is widespread among Brazilian medical students affecting their personal and professional lives, and most of them do not have access to a mentor. There is an urgent need to increase access to mentors who could mitigate the adverse effects of GBD and help develop a diverse and inclusive medical workforce.


Subject(s)
Mentors , Students, Medical , Brazil , Career Choice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Sexism , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Dent Med Probl ; 59(2): 155-165, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35483070

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is important to complement the scientific literature with the data regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the social, work and health practices as well as on the daily life of dentists, and to promote adequate public policies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career plans of dentists in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As part of global research on the impact of COVID-19 on dentistry, a crosssectional survey was administered via digital media to dentists in Colombia. The validated questionnaire included inquiries regarding sociodemographic variables, the perception of the risk of contagion with COVID-19 and the impact of COVID-19 on the dentists' career plans. The variables were summarized in absolute and relative frequencies, and a binomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on career plans according to the independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 5,370 dentists answered the survey (women: 3,878; median age: 45 years; response rate: 16.85%). Most of the dentists (96%) believed that COVID-19 infection was a risk for them and 81.96% reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had some impact on their career plans, including reducing working hours (77.96%), retiring early (26.54%) and changing their career away from dentistry (18.15%). The regression model showed that older adults (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.26), general practitioners (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44), private practice owners (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.94, 2.79), private practice associates (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.84, 2.63), and those with 'very probable' risk perception (OR = 4.29; 95% CI: 1.35, 13.60) had a significantly greater chance of the pandemic having an impact on their future career plans. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has had a great impact on dentists' career plans. Dentists who are most fearful of the risk of contagion, those who are older and those who have their private practice are thinking about reducing working hours, retiring early or changing their career.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , Dentists , Female , Humans , Internet , Middle Aged , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
9.
Psicol. esc. educ ; 26: e235218, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-1406418

ABSTRACT

A evasão do Ensino Superior traz implicações para os estudantes e para as universidades, e a identificação das variáveis associadas ao abandono possibilita desenvolver ações que reduzam sua ocorrência. Este estudo analisa os impactos diretos e mediados da autoeficácia, do rendimento, sexo, idade, recebimento de bolsas de auxílio social e ingresso em curso de opção preferencial na evasão. Os dados foram coletados com 346 universitários por meio de um Questionário Socioeconômico, da Escala de Autoeficácia na Formação Superior, além de informações documentais, e foram analisados pelo software AMOS. Os resultados identificaram que ser mulher e manifestar autoeficácia elevada associam-se a melhores desempenhos acadêmicos, os quais relacionam-se a riscos menores de evasão. Também se verificou que ser mulher e frequentar o curso de opção preferencial diminui as chances de abandono. Tais resultados reforçam o peso de variáveis pessoais, psicológicas, acadêmicas e de carreira na evasão e sugerem caminhos para intervenções que promovam a permanência dos estudantes.


La deserción de la enseñanza universitaria trae implicaciones a los estudiantes y a las universidades, y la identificación de las variables asociadas a la deserción posibilita desarrollar acciones que disminuyan su ocurrencia. En este estudio se analiza los impactos directos y mediados de la autoeficacia, del rendimiento, sexo, edad, recibimiento de becas de ayuda social e ingreso en curso de opción preferencial en la deserción. Los datos se recolectados con 346 universitarios por intermedio de un Cuestionario Socioeconómico, de la Escala de Autoeficacia en la Formación Universitaria, además de informaciones documentales, y se analizaron por el software AMOS. Los resultados identificaron que ser mujer y manifestar autoeficacia elevada se asocian a mejores desempeños académicos, los cuales, se relacionan a riesgos menores de abandono. También se verificó que ser mujer y frecuentar el curso de opción preferencial disminuye las oportunidades de abandono. Tales resultados refuerzan el peso de variables personales, psicológicas, académicas y de carrera en la deserción y sugieren caminos para intervenciones que promuevan la permanencia de los estudiantes.


Dropping out of Higher Education has implications for students and universities, and the identification of variables associated with dropout makes it possible to develop actions that reduce its occurrence. This study analyzes the direct and mediated impacts of self-efficacy, income, sex, age, receipt of social assistance grants and entry into a preferred option course in evasion. Data were collected from 346 university students through a Socioeconomic Questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy Scale in Higher Education, in addition to documentary information, and were analyzed using the AMOS software. The results identified that being a woman and manifesting high self-efficacy are associated with better academic performance, which are related to lower risks of dropping out. It was also found that being a woman and attending the preferred option course decreases the chances of dropping out. Such results reinforce the weight of personal, psychological, academic and career variables in dropout and suggest ways for interventions that promote student permanence.


Subject(s)
Student Dropouts , Students , Self Efficacy , Academic Performance
10.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 46(1): e022, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365616

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Since the National Curricular Guidelines for the Medicine course were implemented, with emphasis on the training of professionals with a generalist profile, the factors that may contribute to the interest in professional practice are unknown. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perception of medical students regarding their generalist training and the factors that influence the desire for professional practice. Methodology: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of qualitative and explanatory character with 523 students from different medical courses in the city of Salvador-Bahia, who answered an online survey after signing the informed consent form. The sample was categorized into interest in Immediate Specialization (IS) and among those who intend to Act as a Generalist (AG). The age and period of the course were also categorized into groups. Results: The age of the sample was 18 to 25 years in 83.7% (n = 438), with 72.5% (n = 380) being female, attending 69% of the 4º to 9º semesters (n = 363). The Immediate Specialization group represented 27.2% (95% CI: 35% -73%) and the group that intends to Act as a Generalist, 72.8% (95% CI: 68% -76%). General training did not influence the option for professional practice with RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55-1.20) p = 0.308. The factors associated with AG were believing in the generalist's resolution capacity and SUS guidelines (p <0.001), the desire to contribute to society (p = 0.005) and society's credibility (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Students perceive that the curriculum includes general training, however it did not influence the interest in professional practice. The desire to act as a generalist is present in a significant number among them, driven by altruism and the desire to contribute to society, supported by the organic laws that underlie the SUS Guidelines, while not feeling valued and having its credibility, questioned by society, only stimulates professional practice on a temporary basis.


Resumo: Introdução: Desde que foram implantadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Medicina com ênfase à formação de profissionais com perfil generalista desconhece-se os fatores que podem contribuir com o interesse pelo exercício profissional. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo e analítico de caráter qualitativo explanatório com 523 acadêmicos dos diversos cursos de medicina da cidade de Salvador-Bahia, que responderam um questionário online após assinatura do TCLE. A amostra foi categorizada em interesse na Especialização Imediata (EI) e entre aqueles que pretendem Atuar como Generalistas (AG). A idade e o período do curso também foram categorizados em grupos. Resultados: A idade da amostra era de 18 a 25 anos em 83,7% (n=438), sendo 72,5% (n=380) do sexo feminino, cursando do 4º ao 9º semestre em 69% (n=363). O grupo Especialização Imediata representou 27,2% (IC95%: 35%-73%) e o grupo que pretende Atuar como Generalista, 72,8% (IC95%: 68%-76%). A formação generalista não influenciou a opção pelo exercício profissional com RR=0,81 (IC95%: 0,55-1,20) p=0,308. Os fatores associados a AG foram: pertencer a instituição pública (p=0,041) acreditar na capacidade de resolubilidade do generalista e nas diretrizes do SUS (p<0,001), o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade (p=0,005) e a credibilidade da sociedade (p=0,044). Conclusão: Os estudantes percebem que a grade curricular contempla a formação generalista, no entanto não influenciou o interesse pelo exercício profissional. O desejo de atuar como generalista está presente em um número expressivo entre eles, movido pelo altruísmo e o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade, respaldados pelas leis orgânicas que fundamentam as Diretrizes do SUS, ao mesmo tempo em que não se sentir valorizado e ter sua credibilidade questionada pela sociedade, estimulam ao exercício profissional apenas de modo temporário.

11.
Pensam. psicol ; 19(1): 13-24, ene.-jun. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154993

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo. Indagar sobre los aspectos que inciden en la construcción del proyecto de vida de futbolistas de 17 años con aspiraciones de ser jugadores profesionales. Método. Estudio de enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal. Veinticinco jugadores de fútbol de 17 años pertenecientes a un club deportivo de Cali, respondieron a una encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los deportistas y al entrenador a cargo del proceso de formación. Resultados. Se encontró que el proyecto de vida de estos futbolistas estaba influenciado por diversos factores de su contexto próximo, especialmente la familia y el club deportivo. Conclusión. Los aspectos incidentes más importantes en la construcción del proyecto de vida de estos futbolistas son: su familia, los clubes deportivos a los que pertenecen, los entrenadores que han estado a cargo de su proceso deportivo, la cultura académica, las instituciones educativas y en cierta medida la empresa privada que proporciona patrocinios.


Abstract Objective. Look into the aspects that have an impact on the construction of a life project for soccer players aged 17 with aspirations of becoming professional players. Method. This study is a cross sectional, qualitative and descriptive approach. It was carried out with 25 soccer players belonging to a sports club in Cali. A socio-demographic survey was used, as well as a semi-structured interview administered to the athletes and the coach in charge of the training program. Results. It was found that the life project of these soccer players was influenced by different factors of their context, especially their family and the sports club to which they belong. Conclusion. The main aspects that influence the construction of a life project of these soccer players are: their family, the sports clubs to which they belong, the coaches that have been in charge of their training process, their academic context, the educational institutions and, to a certain extent, the private company sponsoring them.


Resumo Escopo. Indagar sobre os aspetos que incidem na construção do projeto de vida de futebolistas de 17 anos com aspirações de serem profissionais. Metodologia. Estudo de enfoque qualitativo e descritivo de corte transversal. Vinte e cinco jogadores de futebol de 17 anos pertencentes a um clube esportivo de Cali, responderam a uma enquete de dados sócio demográficos, foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos esportistas e ao treinador a cargo do processo de formação. Resultados. Foi achado que o projeto de vida destes futebolistas estava influído por diversos fatores do seu contexto próximo, especialmente a família e o clube esportivo. Conclusão. Os aspetos incidentes mais importantes na construção do projeto de vida deste futebolistas são: sua família, os clubes esportivos aos que pertencem, os treinadores que tem estado a cargo do seu processo esportivo, a cultura acadêmica, as instituições educativas e em certa medida a empresa privada que fornece patrocínios.

12.
Front Psychol ; 12: 769915, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34992565

ABSTRACT

Darwin explored the evolutionary processes underlying artistic propensities in humans. He stressed the universality of the human mind by pointing to the shared pleasure which all populations take in dancing, engaging in music, acting, painting, tattooing, and self-decorating. Artistic motivation drives/reinforces individuals to engage in aesthetically oriented activities. As curiosity/play, artistic behavior is hypothesized as a functionally autonomous activity motivated intrinsically through an evolved, specific, and stable aesthetic motivational system. The author tested whether artistic motivation is rather intrinsically sourced, domain-specific, and temporally stable using a large decades-long real-life public Brazilian database of university applications. In Study I, the author analyzed reasons for career-choice responded to by 403,832 late-adolescent applicants (48.84% women), between 1987 and 1998. In Study II, the author analyzed another career-choice reason question responded to by 1,703,916 late-adolescent applicants (51.02% women), between 1987 and 2020. Music, Dance, Scenic Arts, Visual Arts, and Literary Studies, in combination, presented a higher percentage of individuals reporting intrinsic factors (e.g., personal taste/aptitude/fulfillment) and the lower proportion reporting extrinsic motives (e.g., the influence of media/teacher/family, salary, social contribution/prestige) than other career groups. If artistic motivation were a recent by-product of general curiosity or status-seeking, artistic and non-artistic careers would not differ. Overall, intrinsic motives were 2.60-6.35 times higher than extrinsic factors; among artistic applicants' were 10.81-28.38 times higher, suggesting domain-specificity. Intrinsic motivation did not differ among artistic careers and remained stable throughout the periods. Converging results corroborated a specific, stable, and intrinsically sourced artistic motivation consistent with its possible evolutionary origins.

13.
Saúde Soc ; 30(4): e200677, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347876

ABSTRACT

Resumo Transições profissionais na Medicina são particularmente difíceis para os médicos, devido ao tempo e ao custo da formação. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as experiências de médicos que reescolheram a sua especialidade, investigando motivação e as implicações da mudança. O método adotado foi um estudo qualitativo com entrevistas de profissionais que mudaram de especialidade. A pesquisa mostrou que entre os motivos para a mudança de especialidade estão a insatisfação com a área, mesmo com pouco tempo de prática, o estresse do cotidiano profissional e o estilo de vida. Apesar das críticas recebidas, os entrevistados demonstraram grande satisfação com a mudança. Como estratégia individual para lidar com a insatisfação, a mudança parece positiva. Entretanto, é importante refletir sobre o risco de vazio de significações para o sujeito e as práticas médicas.


Abstract Professional transitions in Medicine are particularly difficult for physicians due to the costs and duration of medical education. This study sought to understand the experiences of physicians who have changed specialties, analyzing motivations and meanings underlying such transition. This is a qualitative study conducted with data collected by interviews with physicians that switched specialties. Our results indicate that excessive workload and lifestyle were the main motivations for change. Regardless of criticism, the physicians interviewed showed great satisfaction with the transition. Switching the medical specialty seems to be a positive individual strategy to deal with dissatisfaction. However, in doing so, one should evaluate the lack of meaning for both the individual and medical practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Specialization , Career Choice , Education, Medical
14.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(4): e209, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341009

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: After the residency in Internal Medicine, most graduates choose to undergo a new selection process to obtain a second specialty. The phenomenon of early specialization is encouraged as early as in the undergraduate course. Despite this, the demand for general practitioners is growing. Objective: To investigate the factors that lead the newly graduated clinician to undertake a new residency. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzes the responses of Internal Medicine residency graduates from the state of Pernambuco in 2020, through a questionnaire available online by Google Forms, containing questions about social aspects, undergraduate medical course, Medical Residency and intentions for the future career. Results: There were 81 responses of the 104 possible participants (77.88%). Most of these were female (66.67%), graduated from public universities (69.14%) and had already started the Internal Medicine residency shortly after graduation (50.62%). Regarding the specialty choice, 51.85% answered they had decided in the second year of residency, and 80.25% stated that they had undergone the selection process for the second specialty shortly after completing the Internal Medicine residency. The most often chosen career was Cardiology (20%). The factors most often associated with the choice of specialty were, according to the means on the Likert scale, "work in an outpatient setting", "long-term patient follow-up", and "more contact with patients". Conclusion: As far as it could be investigated in the literature, this was the first Brazilian study on specialty choices after the Internal Medicine residency. It was possible to identify the most important reasons for choosing a second specialty among the graduates of this Medical Residency program in Pernambuco in 2020. More studies are needed to establish correlations between the factors of choice with the chosen specialty.


Resumo: Introdução: Após a residência em clínica médica, a maioria dos concluintes opta por se submeter a um novo processo seletivo para obter uma segunda especialidade. O fenômeno da especialização precoce é incentivado já na graduação. Apesar disso, a demanda por médicos generalistas está em crescimento. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores que levam o clínico recém-formado a realizar uma nova residência. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou as respostas dos concluintes do Programa de Residência Médica em Clínica Médica (PRM-CM) realizado em 2020 no estado de Pernambuco. Os concluintes do PRM-CM, por meio de um questionário disponibilizado de forma on-line pelo Google Forms, responderam a perguntas sobre aspectos sociais, a graduação, a residência médica e intenções para a carreira futura. Resultado: Dos 104 participantes possíveis, houve 81 respostas (77,88%). Desse total final, 66,67% eram do sexo feminino, 69,14% tinham se graduado em universidades públicas, e 50,62% já haviam iniciado o PRM-CM logo após a graduação. Quanto à escolha de especialidade, 51,85% responderam ter decidido no segundo ano de residência, e 80,25% afirmaram ter se submetido ao processo seletivo para a segunda especialidade logo após o PRM-CM. A carreira mais escolhida foi cardiologia (20%). Os fatores mais associados à escolha de especialidade foram, de acordo com as médias na escala de Likert, "trabalho em ambiente ambulatorial", "acompanhamento de pacientes por longo período" e "mais contato com pacientes". Conclusão: Até onde se pôde investigar na literatura, este é o primeiro estudo brasileiro a abordar as escolhas de especialidade após o PRM-CM. Foi possível identificar os motivos mais importantes para escolher uma segunda especialidade entre os concluintes desse PRM em Pernambuco, em 2020. Mais estudos são necessários para tecer correlações entre os fatores de escolha com a especialidade escolhida.


Subject(s)
Career Choice , Internship and Residency , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Education, Medical, Continuing , Internal Medicine/education
15.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;74(supl.3): e20200591, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1251216

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the types of career anchors of university hospital nurses and alignment with current work, from the perspective of workers' health. Method: a descriptive and quantitative study, developed in a university hospital with 135 nurses, from December 2018 to February 2019. The Career Orientations Inventory was used as an instrument and an instrument to assess the alignment of career anchors to the current job. Results: it was identified that the most frequent anchors were: Security/Stability, Service/Dedication to a Cause, and Lifestyle. Among nurses, 63.7% were not aligned with their career anchor. Conclusion: the alignment factor is not prevalent among nurses, demonstrating that most seek to meet their professional motivations, but do not find it in their current work, which can lead to physical exhaustion and psychological distress.


RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los tipos de anclas de carrera del enfermero de hospitales universitarios y su alineación con el trabajo actual, desde la perspectiva de la salud de los trabajadores. Método: estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario, con 135 enfermeros, de diciembre de 2018 a febrero de 2019. Se utilizó la Career Anchor Scale como instrumento y un instrumento para evaluar la alineación de los anclajes de carrera a la trabajo actual. Resultados: se identificó que los anclajes más frecuentes fueron: Seguridad y Estabilidad, Servicio/Dedicación a una Causa y Estilo de Vida. Entre las enfermeras, el 63,7% no estaba alineado con el ancla de su carrera. Conclusión: el factor de alineación no prevalece entre los enfermeros, demostrando que la mayoría busca satisfacer sus motivaciones profesionales, pero no lo encuentran en su trabajo actual, lo que puede derivar en agotamiento físico y malestar psicológico.


RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os tipos de âncoras de carreira de enfermeiros de hospital universitário e o alinhamento ao trabalho atual, na perspectiva da saúde do trabalhador. Método: estudo descritivo e quantitativo, desenvolvido em hospital universitário, com 135 enfermeiros, no período de dezembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Utilizou-se como instrumento a Escala de Âncoras de Carreira e um instrumento para avaliação do alinhamento das âncoras de carreira ao trabalho atual. Resultados: identificou-se que as âncoras mais frequentes foram: Segurança e Estabilidade, Senso de serviço/Dedicação a uma causa e Estilo de Vida. Entre os enfermeiros, 63,7% não estavam alinhados à sua âncora de carreira. Conclusão: o fator alinhamento não é prevalente entre os enfermeiros, demonstrando que a maioria busca atender suas motivações profissionais, mas não encontram no seu trabalho atual, podendo levar ao desgaste físico e ao sofrimento psíquico.

16.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e146, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279858

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Health assistance reorganization has been oriented, since the Unified Health System (SUS) creation, by a proposal of expansion and strengthening of Primary Health Care (PHC). In this context, the scarcity of trained professionals is considered one of the main challenges for PHC consolidation. Among the career options after graduation, most physicians choose to seek focal specializations to work in other health care levels. Objective: Therefore, this quantitative study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of medical students' interest in following a career in PHC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with medical students attending the last two years in four medical schools in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 524 students participated by answering a self-administered questionnaire, which was prepared by the authors, including questions regarding sociodemographic and economic profile, interaction with PHC during undergraduate school, career intention and intention to attend the Family and Community Medicine Residency (FCMR) program. Results: The results showed that 26.3% of the respondents indicated interest in following a career in PHC, a higher percentage when compared to previous studies. Regarding PHC being a temporary work choice, 79,3% of the participants indicated that they intend to work in this field after graduation. Ten percent of the students informed they intend to attend the FCMR program. Among the factors associated with the intention to work in PHC, a successful PHC experience during undergraduate school stands out. Conclusion: The results should be taken into consideration by health and medical education managers, fostering strategies that promote successful PHC experiences, encouraging learning-service integration and including students in a consolidated PHC network during undergraduate school. Initiatives such as increasing the workload in PHC during undergraduate school, increasing the number of FMC specialized teachers and health network improvement in the municipalities where these Higher Education Institutions are located can be powerful actions toward increasing the graduating students' interest to work in PHC.


Resumo: Introdução: A reorganização da assistência à saúde a partir da criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sido orientada por uma proposta de expansão e fortalecimento da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Nesse cenário, a escassez de profissionais capacitados é considerado um dos principais desafios para a consolidação da APS. Dentre as possibilidades de carreira após a conclusão da graduação, a maioria dos médicos optam por buscar especialidades focais para atuar em outros níveis de atenção. Objetivo: Assim, este artigo, de natureza quantitativa, se propõe a analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao interesse de estudantes de Medicina em seguir carreira na APS. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com estudantes de Medicina dos dois últimos anos do curso, em quatro escolas médicas do estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil. Participaram 524 estudantes que responderam a um questionário autoaplicado, elaborado pelos autores, com questões que incluíam os perfis sociodemográfico e econômico do estudante, a interação com a APS ao longo curso, a intenção de carreira e o desejo de cursar Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RMFC). Resultado: Os resultados evidenciaram que 26,3% dos entrevistados referiram interesse em seguir carreira na APS, percentual mais alto que o registrado em estudos anteriores. Quanto ao fato de a APS ser uma opção de trabalho temporária, 79,3% dos participantes referiram que pretendem atuar nesse campo após o término da graduação. Dez por cento dos estudantes informaram que pretendem cursar RMFC. Entre os fatores associados à intenção de atuar na APS, destaca-se a vivência de uma experiência exitosa na APS ao longo da graduação. Conclusão: Os resultados devem ser considerados por gestores da área da saúde e da educação médica, fomentando estratégias que propiciem experiências exitosas na APS, com maior incentivo à integração ensino-serviço e à inserção de estudantes, ao longo da graduação, em uma rede de APS fortalecida. Iniciativas como ampliação de carga horária na APS durante a graduação, aumento do número de professores especialistas em MFC e qualificação da rede de saúde dos municípios onde essas instituições de ensino superior estão inseridas podem ser potentes no sentido de aumentar o interesse dos formandos de atuar na APS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Adult , Primary Health Care , Students, Medical , Career Choice , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
17.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;74(2): e20200293, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1279892

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experiences of management nurses over the primary socialization process that contributed to their professional choice and identity. Methods: qualitative and explanatory study grounded in Dubar's theory, carried out with 11 management nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and categorized by applying discourse analysis. Results: the motivations for the professional choice and identity of management nurses were found. They were related to family influence in childhood, nursing representations, perception of care practices experienced in a health-related situation in the family, choice of nursing given its academic titles, lack of knowledge about the nursing profession, and assertive choice of this profession. Final Considerations: professional choice was closely linked to initial social processes in people's lives and the idea of a socially and uniquely built professional identity.


RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las experiencias y vivencias de enfermeras gestoras durante el proceso de socialización primaria que contribuyeron a la elección y a la identidad profesional. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, fundamentado en la teoría de Dubar, realizado con 11 enfermeras gestoras. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, que se transcribieron y categorizaron según el Análisis del Discurso. Resultados: se vislumbraron las motivaciones de elección e identidad profesional de la enfermera gestora, que se concatenaron con las influencias familiares de la infancia, las representaciones de la enfermería, la percepción de las prácticas de cuidado experimentadas en situaciones de necesidad de salud familiar y la elección asertiva de la profesión de enfermería. Consideraciones Finales: la elección profesional está esencialmente intervinculada a los procesos sociales iniciales de la vida del individuo, y se interrelaciona con la idea de una identidad profesional construida de manera social e individual.


RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as experiências e as vivências de enfermeiras gestoras, durante o processo de socialização primária, que contribuíram para a escolha e identidade profissional. Métodos: estudo qualitativo e exploratório ancorado na teoria de Dubar, realizado com 11 enfermeiras gestoras. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas as quais foram transcritas e categorizadas com o apoio da Análise do Discurso. Resultados: desvendaram-se as motivações para a escolha e identidade profissional da enfermeira gestora, as quais se concatenaram às influências familiares na infância, às representações da Enfermagem, à percepção das práticas cuidativas vivenciadas em uma situação de necessidade de saúde na família, à escolha pela Enfermagem pela titularidade, ao desconhecimento da profissão de Enfermagem e à escolha assertiva pela profissão de Enfermagem. Considerações Finais: a escolha profissional está essencialmente interligada aos processos sociais iniciais da vida do indivíduo e inter-relaciona-se com a ideia de uma identidade profissional construída social e singularmente.

18.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;74(2): e20200293, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1279897

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the experiences of management nurses over the primary socialization process that contributed to their professional choice and identity. Methods: qualitative and explanatory study grounded in Dubar's theory, carried out with 11 management nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and categorized by applying discourse analysis. Results: the motivations for the professional choice and identity of management nurses were found. They were related to family influence in childhood, nursing representations, perception of care practices experienced in a health-related situation in the family, choice of nursing given its academic titles, lack of knowledge about the nursing profession, and assertive choice of this profession. Final Considerations: professional choice was closely linked to initial social processes in people's lives and the idea of a socially and uniquely built professional identity.


RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las experiencias y vivencias de enfermeras gestoras durante el proceso de socialización primaria que contribuyeron a la elección y a la identidad profesional. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, fundamentado en la teoría de Dubar, realizado con 11 enfermeras gestoras. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas, que se transcribieron y categorizaron según el Análisis del Discurso. Resultados: se vislumbraron las motivaciones de elección e identidad profesional de la enfermera gestora, que se concatenaron con las influencias familiares de la infancia, las representaciones de la enfermería, la percepción de las prácticas de cuidado experimentadas en situaciones de necesidad de salud familiar y la elección asertiva de la profesión de enfermería. Consideraciones Finales: la elección profesional está esencialmente intervinculada a los procesos sociales iniciales de la vida del individuo, y se interrelaciona con la idea de una identidad profesional construida de manera social e individual.


RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as experiências e as vivências de enfermeiras gestoras, durante o processo de socialização primária, que contribuíram para a escolha e identidade profissional. Métodos: estudo qualitativo e exploratório ancorado na teoria de Dubar, realizado com 11 enfermeiras gestoras. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas as quais foram transcritas e categorizadas com o apoio da Análise do Discurso. Resultados: desvendaram-se as motivações para a escolha e identidade profissional da enfermeira gestora, as quais se concatenaram às influências familiares na infância, às representações da Enfermagem, à percepção das práticas cuidativas vivenciadas em uma situação de necessidade de saúde na família, à escolha pela Enfermagem pela titularidade, ao desconhecimento da profissão de Enfermagem e à escolha assertiva pela profissão de Enfermagem. Considerações Finais: a escolha profissional está essencialmente interligada aos processos sociais iniciais da vida do indivíduo e inter-relaciona-se com a ideia de uma identidade profissional construída social e singularmente.

19.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 43: e005121, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351689

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência de homens e mulheres, as médias da prova de ingresso e de nota de candidatura ao ensino superior, bem como a opção de candidatura, em todos cursos de esporte, em Portugal. Os dados foram coletados no site da Direção-Geral do Ensino Superior. Os resultados mostram que há diferenças estatisticamente significativas em termos de representatividade de género, favoráveis aos homens em todos os cursos esportivos. Não obstante as mulheres apresentarem médias de ingresso e de nota de candidatura iguais ou superiores às dos homens, são estes que mais frequentemente são colocados em todas as opções de candidatura. As mulheres parecem continuar a evitar as áreas do esporte como áreas do ensino superior.


ABSTRACT This article aimed to evaluate the frequency of men and women, the averages of the entrance test and application grade to higher education, as well as the option of applying, in all sport courses, in Portugal. The data was collected on the website of the General Directorate for Higher Education. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in terms of gender representation, favorable to men in all courses in sports. Despite the fact that women have average entry and application grade averages equal to or higher than those of men, these are the ones that are most frequently placed in all application options. Women seem to continue to avoid areas of sport as areas of higher education.


RESUMEN Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la frecuencia de hombres y mujeres, los promedios de la prueba de ingreso y la calificación de la aplicación a la educación superior, así como la opción de postularse en los cursos de deporte, en Portugal. Los datos se recogieron en la página web de la Dirección General de Educación Superior. Resultados muestran que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas relativas a la representación de género, favorables a los hombres en todos los cursos. A pesar de que las mujeres tienen las mismas o mejores tasas de ingreso y calificación de candidatura que los hombres, son ellos que se colocan con mayor frecuencia en todas las opciones de candidatura. Las mujeres parecen seguir evitando el deporte como área de educación superior.

20.
Rev. bras. orientac. prof ; 21(2): 163-175, jul.-dez. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals, LILACS | ID: biblio-1156177

ABSTRACT

A escolha profissional é um momento determinante na vida dos adolescentes. Os objetivos deste artigo foram (a) propor uma intervenção (sistema de aconselhamento de carreira online) e (b) avaliar sua eficácia para a escolha profissional. Em um delineamento experimental, participaram 38 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de escolas particulares e públicas no Sul do Brasil, avaliados para aspectos sociodemográficos, maturidade para escolha profissional, autoeficácia na tomada de decisão de carreira e ansiedade. Os resultados evidenciaram diferença estatisticamente significativa na maturidade para a escolha profissional e na autoeficácia. Assim, o sistema informatizado apresenta potencial para uso na orientação profissional de adolescentes no Ensino Médio.


Career choice is a decisive moment in the life of teenagers. The objectives of this study were (a) propose an intervention (computer assisted career guidance system) and (b) evaluate it’s efficacy for career choice. In an experimental study, participated 38 high school seniors from both public and private schools in South Brazil, from which were evaluated sociodemographic aspects, career choice maturity, career decision making self-efficacy and anxiety. The results showed a significant statistical difference in career choice maturity and self-efficacy. Consequently, computerized systems shows potential in career guidance in high school seniors.


La elección profesional es un momento determinante en la vida de los adolescentes. Los objetivos de este artículo fueron (a) proponer una intervención (sistema de consultoría de carrera online) y (b) evaluar su efectividad en la elección profesional. En un esbozo experimental, participaron 38 estudiantes del tercer año de la Enseñanza Secundaria de escuelas privadas y públicas del Sur de Brasil, evaluados en los aspectos sociodemográficos, madurez para la elección profesional, autoeficacia en la toma de decisiones de carrera y ansiedad. Los resultados demostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la madurez para la elección profesional y en la autoeficacia. Así, el sistema informatizado demuestra potencial para su uso en la orientación profesional de adolescentes en la Enseñanza Secundaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Anxiety , Students , Mentors , Career Choice , Counseling , Education, Primary and Secondary , Decision Making
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