ABSTRACT
1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone is a compound isolated from Polygalae Radix, a medicinal herb frequently applied for treatment of psychiatric disordres with symptoms of forgetfulness and depression in ancient China. In current research, this compound was applied onto rat astrocyte primary cultures in exploring the action mechanisms of 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone on regulating synthesis of neurotrophic factors. It was found that 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone could significantly stimulate the expression of NGF and BDNF in dose-dependent manners: the stimulation was both in mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone might fulfill this effect by regulating critical enzymes, such as plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, neuroserpin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in metabolic pathway of neurotrophic factors. Besides, inhibitors of cAMP- and ERK-dependent pathways, which implied the possible signaling pathway, could reverse this inducing effect. These results might support the potentiality of 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone in drug development in treating psychiatric disorders.
Subject(s)
Astrocytes/metabolism , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism , Xanthones/pharmacology , Animals , Astrocytes/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects , Nerve Growth Factors/genetics , Phytotherapy , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/metabolism , Proteolysis/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/metabolism , Xanthones/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Swertia mussotii. Methods: Various chromatographic methods were employed to isolate the compounds and their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Results: Nineteen compounds were isolated from 75% ethanol extract of S. mussotii and identified as 1-hydroxyl-3, 4, 7, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 7- dihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone (2), 1, 3, 7-trihydroxyxanthone (3), 1, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (4), 1, 3, 8-trihydroxyl-7- methoxyxanthone (5), 1, 3-dihyfroxyl-7, 8-dimethoxyxanthone (6), 1, 5, 8-trihydroxyl-3, 4-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1-hydroxyl-3, 4, 5, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone (8), 1-hydroxyl-3, 5, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (9), (S)-(+)-gentiolactone (10a), (R)-(-)-gentiolactone (10b), 1, 8-dihydroxyl-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (11), 1-hydroxyl-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (12), 1, 7-dihydroxyl-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone (13), 1, 7, 8-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone (14), 1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (15), 1, 7-dihydroxyl-3, 4, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (16), mangiferin (17), and oleanolic acid (18), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-9 are firstly isolated from S. mussotii. Compounds 10a and 10b are firstly isolated from the plants in Swertia L.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala japonica. Methods The compounds were isolated by silica gel, ODS, and macroporous resin column chromatography and their structures were determined by means of spectral analysis. Results Eight compounds were isolated and characterized as ?-D-(3-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranosyl-?-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranoside (Ⅰ), arillatose A (Ⅱ), sibiricose A_5 (Ⅲ), sibiricose A_6 (Ⅳ), neolancerin (Ⅴ), polygalaxanthone Ⅲ (Ⅵ), sibiricaxanthone A (Ⅶ) and polygalatol (Ⅷ). Conclusion These compounds are extracted from this plant for the first time. Compound Ⅴ is obtained from natural products for the first time.
