Effect of three-dimensional collagen membrane culture and presence of cumulus cells on maturation of bovine oocytes.

OBJECTIVE: The use of animals as experimental models has been proposed to improve the techniques applied in human reproduction clinics. This prospective and observational study evaluates the effects of the use of cumulus cells and collagen membrane on the maturation process of bovine oocytes. METHODS: Design and Setting: Bovine oocytes with or without cumulus cells were cultured in maturation medium for 24 hours in the conventional system (2D), central well plates and in the three-dimensional (3D) system. Intervention: The oocytes were positioned in the collagen membrane and matured for the same period. The morphological evaluation was carried out with the parameters of maturation. Main Outcome Measure: Presence or absence of the first polar corpuscle, which were observed and classified as germinal vesicle (GV), meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII). RESULTS: The percentage of oocytes in GV was higher (p<0.05) in treatments without cumulus cells than those with cells. The rates of MII were higher (p<0.05) in the treatments with cumulus cells, independent of the culture system. In general, oocytes with presence of cumulus cells have approximately 1.7 times more chances (p<0.001) of reaching MII after MIV than those matured without cells. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the cells in the cumulus is essential for the maturation process of bovine oocytes; the three-dimensional collagen membrane culture system is favorable for the maturation process of bovine oocytes.

Nuevas herramientas para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis / New tools for tuberculosis diagnosis

Introducción: en las últimas décadas se han desarrollado nuevas herramientas para disminuir el tiempo de diagnóstico de las infecciones por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objetivo: introducir nuevas herramientas para la identificación de M. tuberculosis y comparar los resultados con el cultivo en Löwenstein Jensen. Métodos: se estudiaron 1 368 muestras recibidas en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Tuberculosis del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, de agosto 2010 - agosto 2014. Las muestras después de procesadas fueron inoculadas en paralelo en Löwenstein Jensen y en BacT ALERT. Los resultados se ana­lizaron y compararon con relación al total de aislamientos, tiempo de detección de crecimiento y tasa de contaminación, se calcularon además los indicadores de desempeño del BacT ALERT. Resultados: por Bact/ ALERT se identificó Mycobacterium tuberculosis en 126 (98,5 por ciento) muestras y 116 (88,5 por ciento) por el Löwenstein Jensen. El tiempo de detección de crecimiento de Mycobacterium tuberculosis por el BacT/ ALERT fue de 16,6 días, dos veces menor que el obtenido por el Löwenstein Jensen (35,5 días). La tasa de contaminación por el Bact/ ALERT y Löwenstein Jensen fue de 11 por ciento y 7,8 por ciento, respectivamente. La sensibilidad, especificidad e índice de Youden fue de 99,1 por ciento, 99,0 por ciento y 0,98, respectivamente; y el índice de validez del 99 por ciento. Conclusiones: el sistema Bact/ ALERT resultó un método útil porque acortó significativamente el tiempo de diagnóstico de la tuberculosis permitiendo comenzar el tratamiento de forma oportuna, sobre todo en pacientes con baciloscopia negativa. El uso combinado del Löwenstein Jensen y medio líquido aseguró la recuperación del total de cepas de M. tuberculosis(AU)

Background: in recent decades, new tools have been developed to decrease the time of diagnosis of infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective: to introduce the new tools for identification of M. tuberculosis and compare the results with culture in Löwenstein Jensen. Methods: 1 368 samples received at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory of the IPK from August 2010 to August 2014. After samples processed were inoculated in parallel on Löwenstein Jensen and BacT ALERT. The results obtained are analyzed and compared with respect to the total isolates, time detection of growth and contamination rate, the performance indicators of BacT ALERT also calculated. Results: by Bact / ALERT were identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 126 (98.5 percent) samples and 116 (88.5 percent) by Löwenstein Jensen. The time detection of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by BacT / ALERT was 16.6 days, two times lower than that obtained by the Löwenstein Jensen (35.5 days). The contamination rate by Bact / ALERT and Löwenstein Jensen was 11 percent and 7.8 percent, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index was 99.1 percent, 99.0 percent and 0.98, respectively; and the validity index was 99 percent. Conclusions: bact / ALERT system proved a useful method because it significantly shortened the time of tuberculosis diagnosis and start allowing treatment in a timely manner, especially in smear-negative patients. The combined use of liquid medium and Löwenstein Jensen assured recovery of all strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(AU)

Standardization of first and second-line antitubercular susceptibility testing using BacT Alert 3D system: a report from a tertiary care centre in India

Resurgence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis has lead to demand for rapid susceptibility testing. Conventional methods take > 3 weeks and are tedious. Automated methods have superseded them for first line drug susceptibility testing. An attempt was made to standardize first and second line susceptibility testing using the BacT Alert 3D system (Biomerieux). And compare results with Lowenstein Jensen's (LJ) method. 121 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 67 pulmonary and 54 extra pulmonary were subjected to sensitivity to first and second line drugs. Multidrug resistance was detected equally by both methods at 15.7 percent. 100 percent agreement was observed between the two methods for aminoglycosides, rifampicin, ethionamide and ciprofloxacin. 91.5 percent agreement was observed for isoniazid, 85 percent for pyrazinamide and 72.4 percent for ethambutol. The time taken by LJ method was 18-32 days and BacT Alert 3D system took 4-12 days. In the lesser developed nations where tuberculosis is rampant a rapid effective method for confirming multidrug resistant tuberculosis is definitely desirable and the BacT Alert 3D system was found an effective method when compared to the 'gold standard' LJ proportion.