ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effective and organ/tissue equivalent radiation doses of different scout projection protocols in four CBCT units. METHODS: Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) were placed in reference anatomical locations in the head and neck segments of an anthropomorphic phantom representing an average adult male. Ten repeated exposures were obtained from each of the twelve scout projections studied, acquired from four maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) units (Midmark EIOS, 3D Accuitomo F170, Veraviewepocs 3D R100, and Veraview X800). The effective and organ/tissue equivalent doses were calculated for each protocol. RESULTS: Effective doses ranged from 0.7 µSv (Accuitomo F170 60 × 60 mm-anterior maxilla) to 6.9 µSv (Midmark 50 × 50 mm-anterior maxilla). The highest organ/tissue equivalent doses were recorded for the oral mucosa and salivary glands; however, the thyroid was the highest contributor to the effective dose, followed by the salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some variability among CBCT machines and protocols, the acquisition of scout projections is a low-dose procedure. The use of scout projections to ensure an adequate position of the region of interest within the field of view is highly desirable as they contribute minimally to overall CBCT patient dose.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Humans , Male , Adult , Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry/methodsABSTRACT
El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama puede dejar secuelas tardías tales como escápula alada, pérdida de movilidad articular del hombro, sobrepeso, etc. Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las secuelas morfofuncionales en mujeres operadas de cáncer de mama de las regiones de la Araucanía y del Bío-Bío, Chile, explorando también si el procedimiento quirúrgico conllevaría a la presencia de escápula alada. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y de corte transversal en treinta mujeres operadas de cáncer de mama, de edades comprendidas entre 28 y 76 años (55,67±11,60). Un profesional entrenado evaluó peso, estatura, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de cintura cadera (ICC), rangos articulares de hombro (ROM, Range of Movement) y fuerza prensil, aplicándose además la prueba de Hoppenfeld para identificar escápula alada. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en el ROM a la abducción de hombro (p<0,05), correlación significativa positiva de leve (r=0,370) a moderada (r=0,514) entre el ROM del lado afectado tanto para la flexión como la abducción con la fuerza prensil. Destacan, un IMC de 28,91±5,31 kg/m2, un ICC de 0,86±0,06 cm y la presencia de escápula alada en el 36,7 % de las participantes. No se encontró asociación entre el abordaje quirúrgico y la presencia de escápula alada. Hubo secuelas morfo-funcionales en las mujeres en estudio, destacándose las alteraciones en el rango de movimiento del miembro superior, sobrepeso, riesgo cardiovascular y la presencia de escápula alada, sin asociarse al tipo de abordaje quirúrgico.
Surgical treatment of breast cancer can leave late sequelae such as winged scapula, loss of joint mobility of the shoulder, overweight, etc. Based on the above, the objective of the present study was to describe the morpho-functional sequelae in women operated on for breast cancer from the regions of Araucanía and Del BíoBío, Chile, also exploring whether the surgical procedure would lead to the presence of scapula winged. For this, a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in thirty women operated on for breast cancer, aged between 28 and 76 years (55.67 ± 11.60). A trained professional evaluated weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hip waist index (ICC), shoulder joint ranges(ROM, Range of Movement) and prehensile strength, and applied the Hoppenfeld test to identify the winged scapula. The results showed significant differences in the ROM to shoulder abduction (p <0.05), positive significant correlation of mild (r = 0.370) to moderate (r = 0.514) between the ROM of the affected side for both flexion and abduction with prehensile force. Highlights, a BMI of 28.91 ± 5.31 kg / m2, an ICC of 0.86 ± 0.06 cm and the presence of winged scapula in 36.7 % of the participants. No association was found between the surgical approach and the presence of the winged scapula. There were morphofunctional sequelae in the women under study, highlighting the alterations in the range of movement of the upper limb, overweight, cardiovascular risk and the presence of the winged scapula, without being associated with the type of surgical approach.