Exploring uterine contractility frequency in infertile population: A comparative study among different control groups with and without a C-section defect.

OBJECTIVE: Women undergoing IVF who have had a previous c-section (CS) have a lower live birth rate than those with a previous vaginal delivery. However, the precise underlying mechanisms need clarification. Does a previous CS affect the pattern of uterine contractility?. METHODS: Prospective evaluation in patients undergoing frozen blastocyst embryo transfer in medicated endometrial preparation cycles. Twenty patients were included in groups: A/nulliparous. B/previous vaginal delivery. C/ previous CS without a niche, whereas fifteen patients were recruited in group D (CS and a niche). Patients employed estradiol compounds and 800 mg vaginal progesterone. A 3D-scan was performed the transfer-day where uterine contractility/minute was recorded. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics (age, BMI, smoking, endometrial thickness) were similar. Mean frequency of uterine contractions/minute was similar between groups (1.15, 1.01, 0.92, and 1.21 for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively). There was a slight increase in the number of contractions in patients with a sonographic niche versus controls, not reaching statistical significance (p=0.48). No differences were observed when comparing patients with a previous C-section (regardless of the presence of a niche) to those without a C-section, either nulliparous (p=0.78) or with a previous vaginal delivery (p=0.80). The frequency of uterine contractions was similar between patients who achieved a clinical pregnancy and those who did not (1.19 vs. 1.02 UC/min, p=0.219, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found no significant difference in the frequency of uterine contractility between patients with or without a previous C-section or sonographic diagnosed niche. Further investigation is necessary to understand the physiological mechanisms affecting implantation in patients with isthmocele.

A Moderated Mediation Analysis of HIV and Intersectional Stigmas and Antiretroviral Adherence in People Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.

Experiencing HIV and intersectional stigmas in healthcare settings may affect antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among people with HIV (PWH), given their need for frequent interactions with clinical settings and healthcare providers. Considering the importance of reducing stigmas to promote well-being and the need to elucidate how stigma influences health across various settings, we examined how experienced HIV stigma in Dominican Republic healthcare settings impacts ART adherence through internalized HIV stigma and whether race or sexual orientation stigma moderates this relationship. Participants were 471 PWH (aged 17-71) who were recruited from two HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic in 2021-2022. Results revealed a significant mediation effect (B=-0.10, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.234, - 0.014]) after adjusting for effect of age and time since HIV diagnosis, suggesting that experienced HIV stigma in healthcare settings was associated with more internalized HIV stigma (B = 0.39, SE = 0.11, p = .001), subsequently linked to lower ART adherence (B=-0.26, SE = 0.11, p = .016). The indirect effect was significant at low levels of race stigma (B=-0.16, SE = 0.09, CI [-0.369, - 0.001]) but not at high levels of race stigma (B=-0.06, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.175, 0.038]). This indirect effect was also significant at low levels of sexual orientation stigma (B=-0.19, SE = 0.10, CI [-0.401, - 0.023]) but not at high levels of sexual orientation stigma (B=-0.04, SE = 0.06, CI [-0.160, 0.074]). These findings suggest that addressing experienced HIV stigma in Dominican Republic healthcare settings, along with various dimensions of HIV-related stigma (e.g., internalized stigma) and intersecting stigmas (e.g., race, sexual orientation), is vital for improving health outcomes, such as optimal ART adherence.

RESUMEN: Experimentar estigmas relacionados con el VIH e interseccionales en entornos de atención médica puede afectar la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) entre las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH), dado que necesitan interacciones frecuentes con entornos clínicos y proveedores de atención médica. Considerando la importancia de reducir los estigmas para promover el bienestar y la necesidad de esclarecer cómo el estigma influye en la salud en diversos contextos, examinamos cómo el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atención médica en la República Dominicana impacta la adherencia al TAR a través del estigma internalizado del VIH y si el estigma racial o de orientación sexual modera esta relación. Los participantes fueron 471 PVVIH (de 17 a 71 años) que fueron reclutados de dos clínicas de VIH en la República Dominicana en 2021­2022. Los resultados revelaron un efecto de mediación significativo (B=-0.10, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.234, − 0.014]) después de ajustar por el efecto de la edad y el tiempo desde el diagnóstico de VIH, sugiriendo que el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atención médica estaba asociado con un mayor estigma internalizado del VIH (B = 0.39, SE = 0.11, p = .001), vinculado posteriormente a una menor adherencia al TAR (B=-0.26, SE = 0.11, p = .016). El efecto indirecto fue significativo en niveles bajos de estigma racial (B=-0.16, SE = 0.09, CI [-0.369, − 0.001]) pero no en niveles altos de estigma racial (B=-0.06, SE = 0.05, CI [-0.175, 0.038]). Este efecto indirecto también fue significativo en niveles bajos de estigma por orientación sexual (B=-0.19, SE = 0.10, CI [-0.401, − 0.023]) pero no en niveles altos de estigma por orientación sexual (B=-0.04, SE = 0.06, CI [-0.160, 0.074]). Estos hallazgos sugieren que abordar el estigma del VIH experimentado en entornos de atención médica en la República Dominicana, junto con diversas dimensiones del estigma relacionado con el VIH (por ejemplo, estigma internalizado) y estigmas interseccionales (por ejemplo, raza, orientación sexual), es vital para mejorar los resultados de salud, como la adherencia óptima al TAR.

The effects of art therapy interventions on anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effects of art therapy on anxiety among children and adolescents. METHODS: We searched several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase (via Ovid), PsychINFO (through EBSCO), and The Cochrane Library, comprising the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Additionally, Chinese databases such as CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wan Fang Data were explored from their beginnings until October 22, 2023. Studies that investigated the impact of art therapy on anxiety compared to a control group were included. The methodological quality of these randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook's risk of bias instrument. RESULTS: Six studies involving 422 participants were included. The findings indicated a notable decrease in anxiety symptoms due to art therapy, with a Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) of -1.42, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI -2.33, -0.51), p < 0.002. Notably, there was pronounced heterogeneity, as evidenced by Tau2 = 1.41, Chi2 = 101.19, df = 6, and I² = 94%, with Z = 3.06. CONCLUSION: Art therapy significantly improved the anxiety symptoms of children and adolescents, positioning it as an effective means of treating anxiety.

Tracking People Living with HIV in Loss to Follow Up in Central Brazil: A Call for Attention to Health Services.

Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a global public health concern. However, weaknesses in its management regarding access to integrated HIV care include treatment gaps and loss to follow-up (LTFU) from antiretroviral treatment (ART). This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological and clinical profiles of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in LTFU from HIV care in Campo Grande, Central Brazil. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2021 and April 2022 using secondary data from PLHA who had LTFU in Campo Grande. A total of 852 patients with PLHA were included in this study. The majority of participants in LTFU were male (63.1%), had a CD4 cell count > 200 cells/mm3 (68.2%), and had been treated for ≥ 3 months (86.4%). Only 287 (33.7%) participants had undetectable HIV viral load. Of the total number of patients who returned to treatment during the study period, 448 (54.3%) were LTFU-positive. The tracking strategy was not applied to 556 (65.26%) patients, and 44.4% of the participants had been in spontaneous demand. These results highlight the relevance of patient-centered interventions and the need to ensure early treatment and promote retention in care systems with consequent viral suppression, impacting the healthcare indicators of the population, with emphasis on health managers and stakeholders in HIV care.

Study of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and discomfort in sculptors in the north of Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The sculpting craft must adopt awkward postures that lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MD) and its associations with postural risk factors, demographics, and work characteristics among sculptors. They were determined the differences between MDs during the weeks of the study. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted; MD was investigated using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Posture was assessed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method (RULA). Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models analyzed associations with different factors. ANOVA was used to test for differences in MD prevalence. RESULTS: The analysis included 585 responses by body region. The prevalence of MD was high in the lower and upper limbs among sculptors (67.6%), with the lower back, upper arm, neck, and knees being the four most affected regions. Gender (female) (OR = 2.15), marital status (married) (OR = 1.80), health risk (obesity), the dual of a secondary job (OR = 1.94), job stress (OR = 2.10), duration of work (OR = 2.01), and difficulty keeping up with work (OR = 2.00) were significant predictors contributing to the occurrence of MD in different body regions. Only shoulder MD prevalence showed significant differences between study weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Sculptors suffer from MD. Demographic and work characteristic factors influence MD prevalence. Postural training, improved adaptation of work organization, and intervention guidance on ergonomic risks may reduce the prevalence of MD and the risk of MSDs in this population.

Ecological Civilisation and Amphibian Sustainability through Reproduction Biotechnologies, Biobanking, and Conservation Breeding Programs (RBCs).

Intergenerational justice entitles the maximum retention of Earth's biodiversity. The 2022 United Nations COP 15, "Ecological Civilisation: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth", is committed to protecting 30% of Earth's terrestrial environments and, through COP 28, to mitigate the effects of the climate catastrophe on the biosphere. We focused this review on three core themes: the need and potential of reproduction biotechnologies, biobanks, and conservation breeding programs (RBCs) to satisfy sustainability goals; the technical state and current application of RBCs; and how to achieve the future potentials of RBCs in a rapidly evolving environmental and cultural landscape. RBCs include the hormonal stimulation of reproduction, the collection and storage of sperm and oocytes, and artificial fertilisation. Emerging technologies promise the perpetuation of species solely from biobanked biomaterials stored for perpetuity. Despite significant global declines and extinctions of amphibians, and predictions of a disastrous future for most biodiversity, practical support for amphibian RBCs remains limited mainly to a few limited projects in wealthy Western countries. We discuss the potential of amphibian RBCs to perpetuate amphibian diversity and prevent extinctions within multipolar geopolitical, cultural, and economic frameworks. We argue that a democratic, globally inclusive organisation is needed to focus RBCs on regions with the highest amphibian diversity. Prioritisation should include regional and international collaborations, community engagement, and support for RBC facilities ranging from zoos and other institutions to those of private carers. We tabulate a standard terminology for field programs associated with RBCs for publication and media consistency.

The art of resilience: a psychobiography of Frida Kahlo.

This psychobiography of Frida Kahlo explores the psychology of the famous Mexican artist. Drawing upon Kahlo's paintings and diary entries, a rich psychological analysis of the feminist icon is juxtaposed with the zeitgeist of 20th century Mexico. Framed through the theoretical model of feminist psychology, Kahlo's role in promoting gender equality and dismantling patriarchal society is discussed. Physical pain resulting from illness and impalement by a metal pole in a trolley accident was matched, if not exceeded, by the psychological pain the artist felt due to resulting issues with fertility and the long-sought but never-realized role of motherhood, infidelity within her marriage, and the eventual loss of her ability to paint. Nevertheless, Kahlo's perseverance and strength led to worldwide recognition of her bold and vibrant paintings, vulnerably depicting her rich inner world. The present study utilises perspectives from art therapy and attachment theory to elucidate the factors contributing to Frida Kahlo's resilience in the face of lifelong trauma and chronic pain. Ultimately, Kahlo's life and work offer valuable insight into the psychological experiences of women in patriarchal societies, emphasising the importance of feminist perspectives in psychological research and highlighting the healing and resilience-promoting role of art.

Bibliometric analysis of Advanced Oxidation Processes studies with a focus on Life Cycle Assessment and Costs.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are wastewater treatment technologies that stand out for their ability to degrade Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). The literature has extensively investigated these removal processes for different aqueous matrices. Once technically mature, some of these systems have become accredited to be applied on a large scale, and therefore, their systemic performances in the environmental and cost spheres have also become essential requirements. This study proposed corroborating this trend, analyzing the available literature on the subject to verify how experts in the AOP area investigated this integration during 2015-2023. For this purpose, a sample of publications was treated by applying the Systematic Review (SR) methodology. This resulted in an extract of 83 studies that adopted life-cycle logic to estimate environmental impacts and process costs or evaluated them as complementary to the technical dimension of each treatment technology. This analysis found that both dimensions can be used for selecting or sizing AOPs at the design scale. However, the appropriate choice of the impact categories for the environmental assessment and establishing a methodology for cost analysis can make the approach still more effective. In addition, a staggering number of processes would broaden the reality and applicability of the estimates, and adopting multicriteria analysis methodologies could address essential aspects of decision-making processes during the design of the arrangements. By meeting the original purposes, the study broadened the requirements for designing AOPs and disseminating their use in mitigating the discharge of CECs.

Comparison of DNA damage in granulosa cells of women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilization protocols with the recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormones Corneumon®, Gonal-F®, Pergoveris® and Puregon®: a randomized trial.

PURPOSE: To compare the DNA damage in granulosa cells (GCs) of women undergoing ovarian-stimulated cycles with four widely used recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormones (rhFSH) in in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols (Corneumon®, Gonal-F®, Pergoveris® and Puregon®). METHODS: A randomized trial was carried out at a Mexican hospital. GCs were isolated from 18 women with infertility undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Four controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols including Corneumon®, Gonal-F®, Pergoveris® or Puregon® were used. GCs DNA damage was assessed by the Comet assay. Two parameters were measured: comet tail length (CTL), and Olive tail moment (OTM, the percentage of DNA in the tail multiplied by the distance between the center of the tail and head). RESULTS: Use of the different hrFSH in COS caused variable and statistically significant levels of DNA damage in GCs of infertile women. CTL was similar in the Corneumon® and Pergoveris® groups (mean values of 48.73 and 55.18, respectively) and Corneumon® CTL was significantly lower compared to the Gonal-F® and Puregon® groups (mean values of 61.98 and 91.17, respectively). Mean OTM values were significantly lower in Corneumon® and Pergoveris® groups, compared to Gonal-F® and Puregon® groups (25.59, 27.35, 34.76, and 47.27, respectively). CONCLUSION: Use of Corneumon® and Pergoveris® in COS caused statistically significantly lower levels of DNA damage in GCs of infertile women undergoing ART, which could potentially correlate with better reproductive outcomes.

Walls of resistance: Underground memories and political violence in Colombia.

In this article, I examine 'underground memories' to demonstrate how they serve as resources for resistance in the margins of Colombia. I focus on their relations with the urban fabric, looking at the ways the walls of Bogota and Medellin are used as canvases for spreading images and narratives about the conflict. I suggest that murals representing the violence serve as a repository for memories; they challenge hegemonic narratives and contribute to the recovery of public space. This analysis draws on three case studies. In the first one, I examine the impact of a mural in Bogota that denounced extrajudicial killings involving the Colombian army. The second case focuses on a community initiative aimed at collecting testimonies from residents in a marginalized district of Medellin. Finally, the last case study analyses the touristification of some of the many murals depicting the violence in Medellin. I argue that, to different degrees, all the memorial projects presented in this study challenge state narratives. Through representations of murdered teenagers, suspect military officers and even drug cartel bosses, they raise questions of social justice, impunity, illegality and the dramatic banalization of violence in the country. They broaden the narrative on the recent past, through histories and images that the Colombian state is still reluctant to unearth.

Painting the Way Forward: An Ecological Cultural Visual Analysis of Anti-VAW Public Art in Rural Ecuador.

Despite efforts within Ecuador to combat violence against women (VAW), the country still claims some of the highest rates of violence in the Americas. In this study, we complete a cultural visual analysis of anti-VAW public art in a small Ecuadorian city. Visual data is examined and interpreted by way of the social-ecological model (SEM). Specifically, our analysis considers how murals engage with the depiction of (a) VAW, (b) agentic responses to VAW, and (c) the different layers of the SEM. Our analysis identifies four specific strategies for constructing public art messaging to help achieve freedom from VAW.

Effectiveness of an intervention to improve ART adherence among men who have sex with men living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial in three public HIV clinics in Mexico.

We conducted a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in three HIV clinics in Mexico to evaluate a user-centred habit-formation intervention to improve ART adherence among MSM living with HIV. We randomized 74 participants to the intervention group and 77 to the control group. We measured adherence at one, four, and ten months through medication possession ratio and self-reported adherence. Additionally, we measured viral load, CD4 cell count, major depression disorder symptoms, and alcohol and substance use disorder at baseline, fourth and tenth months. We found no statistically significant effect on adherence between groups. However, the intervention demonstrated positive results in major depression disorder symptoms (21% vs. 6%, p = 0.008) and substance use disorder (11% vs. 1%, p = 0.018) in the fourth month. The latter is relevant because, in addition to its direct benefit, it might also improve the chances of maintaining adequate adherence in the long term. This trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (trial number NCT03410680) on 8 January 2018.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03410680.

Social and mental health characteristics of adolescents living with HIV in Mexico: Implications for adherence to antiretroviral treatment.

Mexico is the third Latin American country with the most children and adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (ALHIV). There is a lack of information on the characteristics of this population. We aimed to describe the social and mental health characteristics of Mexican ALHIV. A census was conducted of all adolescent patients with HIV at a pediatric hospital (n = 47; mean age 14.39, S.D. = 3.65) and their caregivers. We collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, family, intelligence, mental health, adverse life events, substance use, treatment, knowledge of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) and HIV, and biomarkers. Most cases were transmitted vertically and self-reported ART adherence was above 90%. Some obstacles to adherence were medicine discomfort, believing that they did not need it, and forgetfulness. The vulnerabilities were intellectual disability, adverse life events, possible mental health problems, and little knowledge of their illness and treatment. These findings suggest the importance of interventions to improve the perception and knowledge of HIV and ART to increase ART adherence.

Pathways to Poor Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with HIV: The Role of Food Insecurity and Alcohol Misuse.

Daily adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the length and quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We explored whether socioeconomic status directly impacts ART adherence and whether part of the effect is mediated by pathways through alcohol misuse or food insecurity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil (November/2019 to March/2020) with PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years. Validated instruments were used to measure alcohol use, food insecurity, and ART adherence. Using structural equation modeling we assessed the direct and indirect effects of variables on ART adherence. Participants reported significant challenges: hunger: 12%, alcohol use: 64%, and missing ART doses: 24%. Results showed that lower socioeconomic status increased poor adherence and that this effect was mediated through higher food insecurity. Alcohol misuse also increased poor adherence through a strong direct effect. Providing socio-economic support coupled with interventions to mitigate alcohol's harmful impact can aid HIV care.

RESUMEN: La adherencia diaria a la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) aumenta la duración y calidad de vida de las personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH). Exploramos si el estatus socioeconómico afecta directamente la adherencia al TAR y si parte del efecto está mediado por vías a través del abuso del alcohol o la inseguridad alimentaria. Se realizó un estudio en Río de Janeiro/Brasil (noviembre/2019 a marzo/2020) con PVVIH con edad ≥ 18 años. Utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales evaluamos los efectos directos e indirectos. Los participantes informaron desafíos significativos: hambre: 12%, consumo de alcohol: 64%, mala adherencia: 24%. Los resultados mostraron que un nivel socioeconómico más bajo aumentaba la mala adherencia por un efecto mediado por mayor inseguridad alimentaria. Abuso de alcohol también aumentó la mala adherencia por un fuerte efecto directo. Brindar apoyo socioeconómico con intervenciones para mitigar el impacto nocivo del alcohol puede ayudar la atención clínica.

Total Fertilization Failure: A Single Center Analysis.

Our main objective was to identify the male and female parameters associated with total fertilization failure (TFF) in IVF with nonmasculine indications. The present work, IRB equivalent INS 63209, is a case-control study that evaluated all cases with TFF after conventional IVF at the Center for Human Reproduction from January 2010 to December 2019 (n = 154). As a control group, we analyzed all patients who did not experience fertilization failure after conventional IVF in the same period (n = 475). We evaluated various parameters, both male and female, assessed during infertility treatment, and only cases without masculine etiology (normal seminal parameters) were included. Ages (female and male) were not different between the groups. Moreover, AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone), semen volume, preprocessing concentration and preprocessing motility were not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the number of collected oocytes (study versus control groups, median [25-75 interquartile]: 2 [1-5] and 5 [3-8]); MII (2 [1-4] and 5 [2-7]); and postprocessing motility (85 [70-90] and 90 [80-95]) were significantly different between both groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis including all significant data demonstrated that the number of collected oocytes was significantly related to IVF failure. Patients with fewer than 5 oocytes had an OR of - 1.37 (- 0.938 to - 1.827) for TFF after conventional IVF. Our results showed that a lower follicular response to controlled ovarian stimulation, evidenced by a decreased number of collected oocytes, was the most important parameter associated with IVF failure in nonmasculine infertility.

Unraveling clinical outcomes of long-term cART treatment in HIV-1 patients with or without the Brazilian GWGR motif in the V3 loop

ABSTRACT The presence of genetic mutations in HIV poses a significant challenge, potentially leading to antiretroviral resistance and hampering therapeutic development. The Brazilian population has presented variations in the HIV envelope V3 loop gene, especially the GWGR motif. This motif has been linked to reduced transmission potential and slower CD4+ T cell decline. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes in patients with HIV-1 infected with strains containing the GWGR motif compared with those without it during long-term cART. A cohort of 295 patients with HIV was examined for the GWGR motif presence in the V3 loop. A total of 58 samples showed the GWGR signature, while 237 had other signatures. Multifactorial analyses showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics, CD4+ cell count, AIDS progression, or mortality between GWGR carriers and others. However, the mean interval between the first positive HIV test and the initial AIDS-defining event was more than two times longer for women carrying the GWGR signature (p = 0.0231). We emphasize the positive impact of cART on HIV/AIDS treatment, including viral suppression, CD4+ cell preservation, and immune function maintenance. Although no significant differences were found during cART, residual outcomes reflecting adherence challenges were observed between diagnosis and the first AIDS-defining event. The previously described outcomes, highlighting statistically significant differences between individuals carrying the GPGR motif compared with those with the Brazilian GWGR motif, may be directly linked to the natural progression of infection before advancements in cART. Presently, these physicochemical aspects may no longer hold the same relevance.

Contribuições da ética da alteridade para os estudos da deficiência: um estado da arte / Contribuciones de la ética de la alteridad a los estudios de discapacidad: un estado del arte / Contributions from the ethics of alterity to the disability studies: a state of art

RESUMO. O avanço de legislações nacionais e internacionais contribuiu para a reafirmação da dignidade e dos direitos fundamentais das pessoas com deficiência. Ainda assim, a efetiva participação sociocultural dessa população é prejudicada pelas barreiras discriminatórias impostas nos mais diversos âmbitos da sociedade. Faz-se necessário, portanto, promover reflexões sobre a 'cultura da normalidade', e sua consequente influência em situações de exclusão, opressão e discriminação dos sujeitos com deficiência. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o conceito de deficiência na contemporaneidade sob a ótica da filosofia de Emmanuel Levinas, autor responsável por tecer críticas ao pensamento filosófico ocidental, principalmente às ações de exclusão e discriminação da alteridade dele decorrentes. Para tanto, utilizou-se o método do Estado da Arte, coletando-se 12 artigos, 11 dissertações e quatro teses. Os trabalhos foram categorizados de maneira quantitativo-descritiva e, posteriormente, analisados a partir da obra Totalidade e infinito e dos estudos contemporâneos sobre deficiência, ética e responsabilidade. Observou-se uma análise crítica dos trabalhos em relação às atuais ações e intervenções voltadas ao público com deficiência, denunciando sua insuficiência na garantia de direitos fundamentais. Constatou-se também a necessidade de substituição de concepções totalizantes e universalizantes das diferenças por perspectivas de reconhecimento do Outro e consideração da singularidade humana. Conclui-se que a Ética da Alteridade, proposta por Levinas, convida ao compromisso infinito do Mesmo para com o Outro, à ajuda sem espera de reciprocidade, fazendo-se, portanto, relevante nos campos político e acadêmico como princípio ético, teórico-prático e analítico para a interpretação de questões relativas à deficiência.

RESUMEN. El avance de la legislación nacional e internacional ha contribuido a reafirmar la dignidad y los derechos fundamentales de las personas con discapacidad. Todavia, la participación sociocultural efectiva de esta población se ve obstaculizada por las barreras discriminatorias impuestas en los más diversos ámbitos de la sociedad. Por tanto, es necesario promover reflexiones sobre la 'cultura de la normalidad' dominante, y su consecuente influencia en situaciones de exclusión, opresión y discriminación de sujetos con discapacidad. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el concepto de discapacidad en la época contemporánea desde la perspectiva filosófica de Emmanuel Levinas, autor responsable de criticar el pensamiento filosófico occidental, especialmente las acciones de exclusión y discriminación de la alteridad que de él resultan. Para ello se utilizó el método del estado del arte, recogiendo 12 artículos, 11 disertaciones y 4 tesis. Las obras fueron categorizadas de manera cuantitativo-descriptiva y posteriormente analizadas a partir de la obra Totalidade e infinito y estudios contemporáneos sobre discapacidad, ética y responsabilidad. Se observó un análisis crítico de las obras en relación a las acciones e intervenciones actuales dirigidas al público con discapacidad, denunciando su insuficiencia en la garantía de los derechos fundamentales. También se señaló la necesidad de reemplazar las concepciones totalizadoras y universalizadoras de las diferencias por perspectivas de reconocimiento del Otro y consideración de la singularidad humana. Se concluye que la Ética de la Alteridad, propuesta por Levinas, invita a la implicación del Mismo hacia el Otro, para ayudar sin esperar a la reciprocidad, volviéndose, por tanto, relevante en los campos político y académico como un enfoque ético, teórico-práctico y marco analítico para la interpretación de las cuestiones relacionadas con la discapacidad.

ABSTRACT. The advancement of national and international laws has contributed to reassuring the dignity and fundamental rights of people with disabilities. Even so, the effective sociocultural participation of these people is jeopardized by discriminatory barriers imposed across multiple spheres of society. Therefore, it is necessary to promote reflections about 'normality culture' and its consequences in situations of exclusion, oppression, and discrimination of people with disabilities. This study aimed to analyze the contemporary concept of disability in the light of Emmanuel Levinas's philosophy, author responsible for criticizing Western philosophy affirming that the exclusion of alterity stems from it. To this end, a State of the Art analysis was done, and 12 papers, 11 master's theses, and 4 doctoral dissertations were found. The works were classified by quantitative characteristics and were later analyzed in the light of Levinas's major work, Totalidade e infinito, and the contemporary studies on disability, ethics, and responsibility. It was observed that the works had done critical analyses about governmental actions and interventions destined to people with disabilities, showing the insufficiency in ensuring fundamental rights of these people. We also identified the need to substitute conceptions that totalize and universalize the differences with perspectives that recognise the Other in its singularity. This article concludes that the Ethics of Alterity proposed by Levinas invites one to infinite commitment of the Self to the Other, who does not expect anything in return to the aid provided. Therefore, it is relevant to politics and the academic field as an ethical, theoretical, practical, and analytical principle to interpret questions relating to the field of disability studies.

Arte, corpo e humanidades na formação do profissional em saúde / Art, body, and humanities in the formation of the health professional / Arte, cuerpo y humanidades en la formación de los profesionales de la salud

RESUMO: O presente artigo teve por objetivo principal explicitar os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos de uma experiência pedagógica realizada na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no campo das 'humanidades médicas'. Trata-se da disciplina 'Arte e saúde', ministrada desde 2016, na qual se procurou desenvolver uma estratégia de ensino que explicita e discute, na prática médica, questões relacionadas a corporeidade, gênero e cuidado à saúde. Nessa perspectiva, procurou-se explorar a potencialidade transgressora da arte como uma forma de problematizar um conjunto de pressupostos, princípios e valores subjacentes às relações sociais que, usualmente, são estabelecidas nos encontros entre terapeutas e pacientes. Neste artigo, discutimos apenas sobre um módulo dessa disciplina: aquele em que usamos exemplos de performances artísticas para refletir a dimensão corporal da experiência humana (corporeidade) e o mundo da vida cotidiana.

ABSTRACT: The primary focus of this article was to elucidate the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of a unique and innovative pedagogical endeavor undertaken at the Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, within the realm of 'medical humanities.' This is the domain of 'Art and Health,' introduced in 2016, where our aim was to devise a teaching approach that delves into and deliberates, in the context of medical practice, on issues pertaining to corporeality, gender, and health care. From this standpoint, we endeavored to harness the transformative power of art as a means of questioning a set of assumptions, principles, and values that underlie social interactions typically observed in therapeutic encounters. This article specifically delves into one module of this course: a module that employs instances of artistic performances to contemplate the physical aspect of human existence (corporeality) and the realm of everyday life.

RESUMEN: Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal exponer los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de una experiencia pedagógica llevada a cabo en la Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil, en el ámbito de las 'humanidades médicas'. Se trata de la asignatura 'Arte y Salud', que se imparte desde 2016, con el objetivo de desarrollar una estrategia didáctica que evidencie y discuta cuestiones relacionadas con la corporalidad, el género y el cuidado de la salud en la práctica médica. Desde esta perspectiva, se buscó explorar el potencial transgresor del arte como una manera de problematizar un conjunto de presupuestos, principios y valores subyacentes a las relaciones sociales que suelen establecerse en los encuentros entre terapeutas y pacientes. En este artículo, hablaremos de un solo módulo de esta asignatura: aquel en el que utilizamos ejemplos de representaciones artísticas para reflexionar sobre la dimensión corporal de la experiencia humana (corporeidad) y el mundo de la vida cotidiana.

Mapeando o ensino das atividades circenses no contexto escolar: escolas, professores e práticas pedagógicas / Mapping the circus activities teaching in the school context: schools, teachers and pedagogical practices / Mapeo de la enseñanza de las actividades circenses en el contexto escolar: escuelas, docentes y prácticas pedagógicas

RESUMO Este estudo investigou o ensino das atividades circenses em escolas brasileiras, com foco no perfil das escolas, docentes e suas práticas pedagógicas. Utilizando um questionário online e combinando o método "bola de neve" e a busca ativa de participantes, a pesquisa envolveu 82 professores de todas as regiões. Os resultados destacam que o ensino de circo prevalece nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, integrado à disciplina de Educação Física principalmente nas escolas públicas e como atividade extracurricular nas privadas. Desafios como falta de infraestrutura, turmas numerosas e escassa formação nessa temática foram destacados. A pesquisa corrobora o fortalecimento dessa atividade no âmbito escolar e sugere a necessidade de mais formação e suporte aos professores.

ABSTRACT This study investigated teaching circus activities in Brazilian schools, focusing on the school and teachers profile and its pedagogical practices. Using an online questionnaire and combining "snowball" method and active search of participants, our study included 82 teachers from all regions. The results highlight that circus teaching happens more recurrently in the early years of Elementary Education, being integrated into the PE mostly in public schools and as an extracurricular activity in private schools. Lack of infrastructure and training and large group of students were highlighted as frequent challenges. The study reinforces the strengthening of this activity at the school level and suggests the need for additional training and support for teachers.

RESUMEN Este estudio investigó la enseñanza de las actividades circenses en las escuelas brasileñas, centrándose en el perfil de la escuela, de los docentes y las prácticas pedagógicas. Por medio de un cuestionario en línea y combinando el método de "bola de nieve" con la búsqueda activa de participantes, respondieron 82 docentes de todas las regiones. Los resultados destacan que la enseñanza del circo ocurre mayoritariamente en los primeros años de la Educación Primaria, integrándose más frequentemente a la disciplina de Educación Física en las escuelas públicas y como actividad extraescolar en las privadas. Se destacaron desafíos como la falta de infraestructura y formación y clases numerosas. El estudio corrobora el fortalecimiento de esta actividad en la escuela y sugiere la necesidad de formación y apoyo a los docentes.

A luta pela humanização: algumas referências históricas / The fight for humanization: some historical references / La lucha por la humanización: algunas referencias históricas

A tese principal deste texto é a possibilidade de "ressureição", de tornar viva a força de trabalho, em estado latente, dos que antes de nós lutaram para superar os perversos modos de produção da vida ­ feudal, escravista, capitalista ­ dos quais nos valemos para continuarmos, em nosso tempo, na luta permanente, respondendo aos desafios e contradições da realidade concreta. Este texto evoca, ainda, alguns, mas não todos, os que são referências nas lutas sociais na ciência, nas artes e na filosofia, compondo uma trilha histórica que nos permite reconhecer e utilizar, atualmente, este legado da humanidade que nos humaniza.

The possibility to bring life to the labor force, in its latent state, of those who fought before us in order to overcome the perverse modes of production ­ feudal, enslaving, capitalist ­ of which we use ourselves to continue, in our time, in the permanent struggle, responding to the challenges and contradictions of concrete reality. This text also evokes some, but not all, of those who are references in social struggles in science, arts and philosophy, composing a historical trail that allows us to recognize and use, today, this legacy of humanity that humanizes us.

La tesis principal de este texto es la posibilidad de "resurrección", de hacer viva la fuerza de trabajo, en estado latente, de quienes antes que nosotros lucharon por superar los modos perversos de producción de la vida ­ feudal, esclavista, capitalista­ de que nos utilizamos para continuar, en nuestro tiempo, en la lucha permanente, respondiendo a los desafíos y contradicciones de la realidad concreta. Este texto también evoca a algunos, pero no a todos, de quienes son referentes de las luchas sociales en las ciencias, las artes y la filosofía, componiendo un recorrido histórico que nos permite reconocer y utilizar, hoy, este legado de la humanidad que nos humaniza.