Treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using a sinus tarsi approach. Surgical technique. / Técnica quirúrgica del manejo de las fracturas de calcáneo a través de un abordaje del seno del tarso.

Calcaneal articular fractures are fractures classically associated with a high rate of complications and poor outcomes. Osteosynthesis of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach has shown results equal to or superior to those of the extended approach, having become the new gold standard. The objective of this article is to detail step by step the surgical technique of osteosynthesis of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach, from the selection of the fracture, positioning of the patient, layout of the operating room and the fluoroscope, the entire surgical process until postoperative treatment. The surgical technique described below is described in 6 steps. Anatomical reduction of complex calcaneal fractures through an Sinus Tarsi Approach requires an understanding of the fracture and its associated deformities. Following the described sequence step by step will help to achieve a better reduction in order to achieve better functional results.

Artroscopia de cadera como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años / Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up

Objetivo: Valorar los resultados de la artroscopia de cadera (CAC) como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular (CFA) con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años, y determinar las variables predictoras de reintervención quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una base de datos prospectiva de pacientes intervenidos mediante CAC entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2011. Las lesiones del reborde acetabular se evaluaron según la clasificación ALAD. Se realizó valoración clínica y radiológica. La supervivencia de la técnica quirúrgica se calculó con la prueba de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 74 pacientes con un seguimiento medio de 132 meses. La puntuación media en las escalas de valoración mejoró significativamente al final del seguimiento. Diecisiete pacientes (23,9%) fueron reintervenidos. El odds ratio de reintervención en un paciente mayor de 40 años fue de 8,08; en un paciente Tönnis 2-3 de 7,57; y en un paciente con lesión cartilaginosa ALAD 2-3 de 4,25. La supervivencia de la CAC en el CFA a 10 años fue del 77,8%, con un 45,4% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis mayor de 1 frente al 85,2% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis de 1 o menor (p<0,001). La variable predictora asociada a la necesidad de reintervención quirúrgica fue la degeneración articular radiológica preoperatoria (p=0,02). Conclusiones: La supervivencia de la CAC en el tratamiento del CFA a 10 años fue del 45,4% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis mayor de 1 frente al 85,2% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis 1 o menor. La edad, la lesión cartilaginosa y la degeneración articular incrementarían el riesgo de reintervención quirúrgica.(AU)

Purpose: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. Methods: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (P=.02). Conclusion: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.(AU)

[Translated article] Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up / Artroscopia de cadera como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años

Objetivo: Valorar los resultados de la artroscopia de cadera (CAC) como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular (CFA) con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años, y determinar las variables predictoras de reintervención quirúrgica. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una base de datos prospectiva de pacientes intervenidos mediante CAC entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2011. Las lesiones del reborde acetabular se evaluaron según la clasificación ALAD. Se realizó valoración clínica y radiológica. La supervivencia de la técnica quirúrgica se calculó con la prueba de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 74 pacientes con un seguimiento medio de 132 meses. La puntuación media en las escalas de valoración mejoró significativamente al final del seguimiento. Diecisiete pacientes (23,9%) fueron reintervenidos. El odds ratio de reintervención en un paciente mayor de 40 años fue de 8,08; en un paciente Tönnis 2-3 de 7,57; y en un paciente con lesión cartilaginosa ALAD 2-3 de 4,25. La supervivencia de la CAC en el CFA a 10 años fue del 77,8%, con un 45,4% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis mayor de 1 frente al 85,2% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis de 1 o menor (p<0,001). La variable predictora asociada a la necesidad de reintervención quirúrgica fue la degeneración articular radiológica preoperatoria (p=0,02). Conclusiones: La supervivencia de la CAC en el tratamiento del CFA a 10 años fue del 45,4% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis mayor de 1 frente al 85,2% en los pacientes con grado de Tönnis 1 o menor. La edad, la lesión cartilaginosa y la degeneración articular incrementarían el riesgo de reintervención quirúrgica.(AU)

Purpose: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. Methods: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (P=.02). Conclusion: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.(AU)

Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up. / Artroscopia de cadera como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (P=.02). CONCLUSION: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.

[Translated article] Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (p<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (p=.02). CONCLUSION: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (p<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.

Comparison between portals for placement of anchors in shoulder instability / Comparação entre portais para colocação de âncoras na instabilidade do ombro

ABSTRACT Objective: to radiographically compare the effects of anchor positioning in the arthroscopic treatment of shoulder instability, in the 3- and 5-o'clock portals. Methods: retrospective study of 36 patients, operated by two shoulder surgeons at the Unimed BH hospital, between January 2013 and January 2018. Each surgeon used only one of either the 3- or the 5-o'clock portal. After postoperative radiographs we performed angle comparisons between the greatest glenoidal axis, the angle of anchor insertion and distance from the inferior pole. Results: the 5-o'clock portal provided better placement than its 3-o'clock counterpart, which allowed for greater orthogonality in relation to the glenoid rim (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the 5-o'clock portal allowed for better anchor placement than the 3 o'clock one. Level of Evidence II, Clinical Trial.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar radiograficamente o posicionamento das âncoras utilizadas no tratamento artroscópico da instabilidade do ombro, através dos portais de 3 ou 5 horas. Métodos: Avaliação retrospectivae de 36 pacientes, operados por dois cirurgiões de ombro do Hospital Unimed BH, entre janeiro de 2013 e janeiro de 2018. Cada cirurgião utilizou apenas uma das técnicas - portal de 3 ou 5 horas. As radiografias pós-operatórias foram avaliadas e comparadas a angulações entre o maior eixo da glenoide, o ângulo de inserção da âncora e a distância em relação ao polo inferior. Resultados: A utilização do portal de 5 horas propiciou a colocação mais adequada das âncoras em relação ao portal de 3 horas, permitindo o posicionamento mais ortogonal em relação à borda da glenoide (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A utilização do portal de 5 horas apresenta melhor posicionamento das âncoras quando comparado ao portal de 3 horas. Nível de evidência II, Ensaio Clínico.

[Concordance between ultrasound-arthroscopy of the shoulder in rotator cuff injury]. / Concordancia entre ecografía-artroscopía de hombro en lesión del mango rotador.

Background: Rotator cuff injury occurs over tendons that insert into the humeral tuberosity. Ultrasonography detects the size and extent of tendon tears. Its sensitivity and specificity range from 91-100% and 85-86%, respectively. It has been shown that a trained orthopedic surgeon can perform shoulder ultrasonography for the accurate diagnosis of rotator cuff pathology. Objective: To determine the concordance between ultrasound-arthroscopy of the shoulder in rotator cuff injuries at the Unidad Médica Atención Ambulatoria No. 55 (Ambulatory Care Unit No. 55) in León, Guanajuato, Mexico. Material and methods: Experimental study of a sample of 37 patients with a diagnosis of rotator cuff injury, in whom preoperative ultrasound and later shoulder arthroscopy of the same side were performed. The data were subjected to concordance with Cohen's Kappa Index. Results: There were 37 patients in whom we identified an overall concordance of 81%. Cohen's Kappa index was 0.76, considered a good concordance. Out of the 7 patients without correlation, in 1 patient the ultrasound showed partial rupture and by arthroscopy showed complete rupture of the supraspinatus. In 2 patients ultrasonography showed complete rotator cuff tear; during arthroscopy, both showed massive rotator cuff tear. Conclusions: Preoperative shoulder ultrasonography performed by traumatology presents a good concordance in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears confirmed by arthroscopy.

Introducción: la lesión del mango rotador ocurre sobre tendones que se insertan en la tuberosidad humeral. La ecografía detecta el tamaño y la extensión de los desgarros del tendón. Su sensibilidad y especificidad oscila entre 91-100% y 85-86%, respectivamente. Se ha demostrado que un cirujano ortopédico capacitado puede hacer la ecografía del hombro para el diagnóstico preciso de la patología del manguito rotador. Objetivo: determinar la concordancia entre ecografía-artroscopía de hombro en lesiones del mango rotador en la Unidad Médica Atención Ambulatoria No. 55 de León, Guanajuato, México. Material y métodos: estudio experimental de una muestra de 37 pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión del mango rotador, en los que se realizó ecografía preoperatoria y posteriormente artroscopía de hombro del mismo lado. Los datos se sometieron a concordancia con el Índice de Kappa de Cohen. Resultados: fueron 37 pacientes en los que se identificó la concordancia global de 81%. El Índice de Kappa de Cohen fue de 0.76, considerada una buena concordancia. De los 7 pacientes sin correlación, en un paciente la ecografía mostró rotura parcial y por artroscopía mostró rotura completa del supraespinoso. En 2 pacientes la ecografía mostró rotura completa de mango rotador; durante la artroscopía, ambos mostraron rotura masiva del mango rotador. Conclusiones: la ecografía preoperatoria de hombro realizada por traumatología presenta una buena concordancia en el diagnóstico de roturas del mango rotador confirmadas por artroscopía.

[Comparativa funcional entre artroscopía y cirugía abierta para lesiones del mango rotador]. / Functional comparison between arthroscopy and open surgery for rotator cuff injuries.

Background: Rotator cuff injuries result in impaired functionality of the shoulder. The difference in shoulder functionality in patients treated with arthroscopy who required open surgery is still unknown. Objective: To determine if there is a difference in the functional evolution of the shoulder in patients who underwent surgery due to rotator cuff lesion which began with arthroscopy and ended in open surgery. Material and methods: A cohort, longitudinal, observational and comparative study was carried out. The Constant scale was applied to measure the functionality of the shoulder in patients who underwent surgery due to rotator cuff injury, prior to surgery, 3 and 6 months after it, from August 2021 to April 2022. Functionality between patients who started with arthroscopy and required surgery and with those who only underwent arthroscopy was compared. Results: 30 patients were included. Shoulder functionality in the preoperative period had a mean of 42.2 ± 18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 35.5-49.0), at 3 months of 48.18 ± 14 (95% CI 42.9-53.4) and at 6 months of 66.7 (95% CI 60.1-73.4), with a p = 0.001. The difference between the patients who required surgery was not significant (p = 0.3). Conclusions: The functional evolution of the shoulder in patients who underwent surgery due to rotator cuff injury improves over time. The type of surgery does not influence the functional evolution.

Introducción: las lesiones del mango rotador ocasionan deterioro de la funcionalidad del hombro. La diferencia en la funcionalidad del hombro en pacientes tratados con artroscopía que ameritaron cirugía abierta aún se desconoce. Objetivo: determinar si existe diferencia en la evolución funcional del hombro en pacientes intervenidos por lesión del mango rotador que iniciaron con artroscopía y terminaron en cirugía abierta. Material y métodos: se hizo un estudio de cohorte, longitudinal, observacional y comparativo. Se aplicó la escala Constant para medir la funcionalidad del hombro en pacientes intervenidos por lesión del mango rotador, previo a la cirugía, a los 3 y a los 6 meses posteriores a esta, entre agosto de 2021 y abril de 2022. Se comparó la funcionalidad entre los pacientes que iniciaron con artroscopía y que requirieron cirugía con los que solo se intervinieron con artroscopía. Resultados: se incluyeron 30 pacientes. La funcionalidad del hombro en el preoperatorio tuvo una media de 42.2 ± 18 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 35.5-49.0), a los 3 meses se obtuvo una media de 48.18±14 (IC 95% 42.9-53.4) y a los 6 meses de 66.7 (IC 95% 60.1-73.4), con una p = 0.001. La diferencia entre los pacientes que requirieron cirugía no fue significativa (p = 0.3). Conclusiones: la evolución funcional del hombro en pacientes intervenidos por lesión del mango rotador mejora con el paso del tiempo. El tipo de cirugía no influye en la evolución funcional.

Radiographic evaluation of the bicipital groove morphology does not predict intraarticular changes in the long head of biceps tendon.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the clinical utility of the radiographic evaluation of the bicipital groove in predicting long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, and sixty consecutive patients proposed to shoulder arthroscopic surgery were selected. Before surgery, a radiographic evaluation was performed with a supine and a Fisk radiograph. Most supine radiographs (>75%) were non-interpretable and were excluded from the study. As some Fisk radiographs (26.7%) were also non-interpretable, that left 44 interpretable radiographs in the study. These were measured for medial opening angle, total opening angle, width and depth of the bicipital groove. The radiographic measurements and the presence of LHBT pathology, as assessed at arthroscopy, were correlated. RESULTS: Radiographic evaluation of the bicipital groove showed a mean medial opening angle of 53 ±â€¯15° (23-90), a mean total opening angle of 80 ±â€¯26° (30-135), a mean width of 10.3 ±â€¯2.5 mm (6-19) and a mean depth of 4.1 ±â€¯1.5 mm (1-8). Men had higher medial opening angle (60 vs 50°, p = 0.044) and wider grooves (11.9 vs 9.7 mm, p = 0.019). Twenty-five patients (56.8%) were found to have an abnormal LHBT. No correlation was found between the radiographic measurements and LHBT pathology. Only age was correlated with a LHBT lesion (61.8 vs 46.3 years, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that there is no correlation between radiographic morphologic evaluation of the bicipital groove and LHBT pathology.

Uso de balón subacromial en lesión masiva irreparable del manguito rotador

La lesión del manguito rotador es una causa importante de dolor y disfunción del hombro. El tratamiento de las roturas masivas e irreparables del manguito rotador sigue siendo un gran reto para los ortopedistas por su complejidad y severidad. Una de las alternativas prometedoras para su manejo es el uso del balón subacromial. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 67 años con diagnóstico de rotura masiva e irreparable del manguito rotador en el hombro derecho (grado III de Patte, grado IV Goutallier y grado II de Hamada) sin artrosis glenohumeral, tenosinovitis del bíceps y subescapular íntegro. La escala de constant preoperatorio fue de 40 puntos. Se realizó una reparación parcial artroscópica del tendón supraespinoso e infraespinoso asociado a una tenodesis suprapectoral del bíceps y la colocación del balón subacromial. La paciente realizó rehabilitación con mejoría de los arcos de movilidad, disminución del dolor e incremento de la fuerza del hombro derecho. La escala de constant postoperatorio fue de 80 puntos a la semana doce. El balón subacromial es una buena alternativa de tratamiento para las lesiones irreparables del manguito rotador con resultados óptimos a corto plazo en cuanto a dolor y función.

The rotator cuff injury is a significant cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Treating massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears remains a major challenge for orthopedists due to their complexity and severity. One promising alternative for managing these cases is the use of subacromial balloons. In this study, we present the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with a massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear in her right shoulder (Grade III Patte, Grade IV Goutallier, and Grade II Hamada), without glenohumeral arthritis, intact biceps tenosynovitis, and subscapularis. The preoperative Constant score was 40 points. The patient underwent partial arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, along with a suprapectoral biceps tenodesis and subacromial balloon placement. Postoperative rehabilitation led to improved range of motion, reduced pain, and increased strength in the right shoulder. The postoperative Constant score reached 80 points at the twelve-week mark. The subacromial balloon proves to be a promising treatment alternative for irreparable rotator cuff injuries, providing optimal short-term results in terms of pain relief and functionality.

An Unusual Cause of Posterior Knee Pain: Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Case Report / Uma causa incomum de dor posterior no joelho: degeneração mucóide do ligamento cruzado anterior - Relato de caso

Abstract Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an uncommon cause of pain in the posterior region of the knee, of unknown pathophysiology and underdiagnosed. The best treatment modality is still under discussion. Resection of the lesion with partial ACL debridement has shown good results without the occurrence of instability. The authors present a case of mucoid degeneration of the ACL treated with resection of the mucoid degeneration and partial debridement of the ACL by arthroscopy.

Resumo A degeneração mucoide do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é uma causa pouco frequente de dor na região posterior do joelho, de patofisiologia desconhecida e subdiagnosticada. A melhor modalidade de tratamento ainda está em discussão. A ressecção da lesão com desbridamento parcial do LCA tem apresentado bons resultados, sem a ocorrência de instabilidade. Os autores apresentam um caso de degeneração mucoide do LCA tratado com ressecção da degeneração mucoide e desbridamento parcial do LCA por artroscopia.

Construct Validity and Experience of Using a Low-cost Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery Simulator / Validação de constructo e experiência de uso de um simulador de artroscopia de ombro de baixo custo

Abstract Objective To validate the low-cost model for arthroscopy training and analyze the acceptance and usefulness of the developed simulator in medical teaching and training. Method Ten medical students, ten third-year orthopedic residents, and ten shoulder surgeons performed predetermined tasks on a shoulder simulator twice. The parameters used were time to complete the tasks, number of looks at the hands, GOALS score (Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills) and comparison between groups and within groups. An adapted Likert scale was applied addressing the individuals' impressions about the simulator and its applicability. Results In the intergroup comparison, the shoulder surgeons had better scores and times than the other groups. When the tasks were repeated, the group of surgeons had a 59% improvement in time (p < 0.05), as did the group of medical students. In the GOALS score, shoulder surgeons had consistently better scores than the other groups. And when we evaluated the evolution from the first to the second test, the group of surgeons and the group of academics had a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05). In terms of lookdowns, there was a decrease in all groups. There was consensus that the simulator is useful in training. Conclusion The simulator developed allowed the differentiation between individuals with different levels of training in arthroscopic surgery. It was accepted by 100% of the participants as a useful tool in arthroscopic shoulder surgical training.

Resumo Objetivo Validar o modelo de baixo custo para treinamento em artroscopia e analisar a aceitação e utilidade do simulador desenvolvido no ensino e treinamento médico. Método Dez acadêmicos do curso de medicina, dez residentes do terceiro ano em ortopedia e dez cirurgiões de ombro realizaram tarefas pré determinadas em um simulador de ombro duas vezes. Os parâmetros utilizados foram o tempo para completar as tarefas, quantidade de olhares para as mãos, escore de GOALS (Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills) e comparados entre os grupos e intragrupos. Uma escala de Likert adaptada foi aplicada abordando as impressões dos indivíduos acerca do simulador e de sua aplicabilidade. Resultados Na comparação intergrupos, os cirurgiões de ombro tiveram melhores escores e tempos que os demais grupos. Quando as tarefas foram repetidas, o grupo de cirurgiões, teve uma melhora de 59% no tempo (p < 0,05), assim como no grupo de acadêmicos. No escore de GOALS os cirurgiões de ombro apresentaram escores consistentemente melhores que os demais grupos. E quando avaliamos a evolução do primeiro para o segundo teste, o grupo de cirurgiões e o grupo de acadêmicos tiveram melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05). No quesito de lookdowns houve diminuição em todos os grupos. Houve consenso em que o simulador é útil no treinamento. Conclusão O simulador desenvolvido permitiu a diferenciação entre indivíduos com diferentes níveis de treinamento em cirurgia artroscópica. Foi aceito por 100% dos participantes como uma ferramenta útil no treinamento cirúrgico artroscópico do ombro.

Características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a artroscopia del manguito rotador del hombro: estudio observacional / Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients undergoing rotator cuff arthroscopy of the shoulder: an observational study

Fundamentos: La causa más común de dolor de hombro son los cuadros clínicos relacionados con problemas del manguitorotador. Uno de los tratamientos más habituales es la cirugía artroscópica. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las característicasclínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes sometidos a este tipo de cirugías en España. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional y de corte transversal con noventa participantes. Se recogieronlos datos de edad, sexo, realización de actividad laboral con sobreuso de miembros superiores (MMSS), índice de masa corporal (IMC),consumo de tabaco, diagnóstico de diabetes, realización de actividad física-deportiva y antecedentes de tratamientos prequirúrgicos.Finalmente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y un análisis de correlaciones, mediante la prueba estadística de Pearson y Spearman según el tipo de variable.Resultados: La media de edad fue de 57,21 años con una desviación estándar (DE) de 8,5 (Intervalo de Confianza [IC] del 95%,55,41-59,00). En cuanto a su IMC, la media fue de 28,49 con una DE de 4,9 (IC del 95%, 27,49-29,53), siendo el 35,6% personas conobesidad (IMC mayor de 30). El diagnóstico médico de los sujetos fue en un 51,1% de rotura total del manguito rotador. Por otro lado,la intensidad de realización de actividad física fue de una hora o menos a la semana en el 87,8% de la muestra. Por último, en relacióncon el tratamiento previo de fisioterapia, el 69,7% de los sujetos habían recibido algún tipo de intervención. Conclusiones: Las características demográficas y clínicas encontradas están en consonancia con las de otras poblacionesestudiadas previamente, y los factores de asociación entre ellas refrendan los factores de riesgo ya señalados previamente (edad,obesidad, sobreuso de MMSS), cobrando especial importancia la edad avanzada.(AU)

Background: The most common cause of shoulder pain is clinical pictures related to rotator cuff problems. One of the mostcommon treatments is arthroscopic surgery. The objective was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patientsundergoing this type of surgery in Spain. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study with ninety participants was carried out. Data on age, sex, perfor-mance of work activity with overuse of upper limbs, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, diagnosis of diabetes, performance of physi-cal-sports activity and history of pre-surgical treatments were collected. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the variables and an analysis ofcorrelations were carried out, using the Pearson and Spearman statistical test according to the type of variable.Results: The mean age was 57.21 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 8.5 (95% CI, 55.41-59.00). Regarding their BMI, the meanwas 28.49 with a SD of 4.9 (95% CI, 27.49-29.53), with 35.6% being obese (BMI greater than 30). The medical diagnosis of the subjectswas 51.1% total rotator cuff tear. On the other hand, the intensity of physical activity was one hour or less per week in 87.8% of thesample. Finally, in relation to the previous physiotherapy treatment, 69.7% of the subjects had received some type of intervention. Conclusions: The demographic and clinical characteristics found are consistent with those of other previously studied populations,and the association factors between them endorse the previously mentioned risk factors, with advanced age gaining special importance.(AU)

El uso de artroscopia no aumenta la incidencia de complicaciones en el manejo de fracturas de mesetas tibiales Schatzker IV-VI / The use of arthroscopy does not increase the incidence of complications in the management of Schatzker IV-VI tibial plateau fractures

Antecedentes y objetivo: El uso de asistencia artroscopica en fracturas de mesetas tibiales tipos I-III según la clasificación de Schatzker se ha popularizado; sin embargo aún existe controversia con respecto a su uso en fracturas Schatzker IV-VI por el potencial riesgo de complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la tasa de complicaciones intra o postoperatorias entre pacientes con fracturas de mesetas tibiales de este tipo tratados con y sin artroscopia al momento de la reducción y osteosíntesis definitiva. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de mesetas tibiales Schatzker IV-VI, sometidos a reducción y osteosíntesis definitiva, y al manejo de lesiones asociadas con o sin el uso de artroscopia evaluando la aparición de síndrome compartimental, trombosis venosa profunda e infección relacionada a fractura con seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses posterior a la cirugía definitiva. Resultados: Se incluyeron 288 pacientes: 86 operados con asistencia artroscópica y 202 sin asistencia artroscópica. La tasa de complicaciones total en el grupo con y sin asistencia artroscópica fue del 18,60 y 26,73%, respectivamente (p=0,141). No hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de asistencia artroscópica y el desarrollo de las complicaciones analizadas. Discusión y conclusiones: El uso de artroscopia de rodilla como apoyo de la reducción o como adyuvancia para el tratamiento simultáneo de lesiones intraarticulares concomitantes no aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato ni tras 12 meses de seguimiento.(AU)

Background and objective: The use of arthroscopy for tibial plateau fractures type I, II and III according to Schatzker classification has increased, yet its employment for tibial plateau fractures Schatzker IV, V and VI is controversial due to the potential risk of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis and infection. We aimed to compare the rate of operative and postoperative complications among patients with these types of tibial plateau fractures treated with and without arthroscopy at the time of definitive reduction and osteosynthesis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patients with diagnosis of tibial plateau fracture Schatzker IV, V or VI who underwent reduction and definitive osteosynthesis with or without the use of arthroscopy were included. The development of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, and fracture-related infection was evaluated up to 12 months after the definitive surgery. Results: Two hundred eighty-eight patients were included: 86 with arthroscopic assistance and 202 without it. The overall complication rate in the group with and without arthroscopic assistance was 18.60% and 26.73%, respectively (P=.141). No statistical association was found between the use of arthroscopic assistance and the development of the analyzed complications. Discussion and conclusion: The use of arthroscopy to support reduction or addressing concomitant intra-articular injuries did not increase the risk of complications in patients with high-energy tibial plateau fractures at 12 months of follow up.(AU)

[Translated article] The use of arthroscopy does not increase the incidence of complications in the management of Schatzker IV–VI tibial plateau fractures / El uso de artroscopia no aumenta la incidencia de complicaciones en el manejo de fracturas de mesetas tibiales Schatzker IV-VI

Antecedentes y objetivo: El uso de asistencia artroscopica en fracturas de mesetas tibiales tipos I-III según la clasificación de Schatzker se ha popularizado; sin embargo aún existe controversia con respecto a su uso en fracturas Schatzker IV-VI por el potencial riesgo de complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la tasa de complicaciones intra o postoperatorias entre pacientes con fracturas de mesetas tibiales de este tipo tratados con y sin artroscopia al momento de la reducción y osteosíntesis definitiva. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura de mesetas tibiales Schatzker IV-VI, sometidos a reducción y osteosíntesis definitiva, y al manejo de lesiones asociadas con o sin el uso de artroscopia evaluando la aparición de síndrome compartimental, trombosis venosa profunda e infección relacionada a fractura con seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses posterior a la cirugía definitiva. Resultados: Se incluyeron 288 pacientes: 86 operados con asistencia artroscópica y 202 sin asistencia artroscópica. La tasa de complicaciones total en el grupo con y sin asistencia artroscópica fue del 18,60 y 26,73%, respectivamente (p=0,141). No hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el uso de asistencia artroscópica y el desarrollo de las complicaciones analizadas. Discusión y conclusiones: El uso de artroscopia de rodilla como apoyo de la reducción o como adyuvancia para el tratamiento simultáneo de lesiones intraarticulares concomitantes no aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones en el postoperatorio inmediato ni tras 12 meses de seguimiento.(AU)

Background and objective: The use of arthroscopy for tibial plateau fractures type I, II and III according to Schatzker classification has increased, yet its employment for tibial plateau fractures Schatzker IV, V and VI is controversial due to the potential risk of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis and infection. We aimed to compare the rate of operative and postoperative complications among patients with these types of tibial plateau fractures treated with and without arthroscopy at the time of definitive reduction and osteosynthesis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patients with diagnosis of tibial plateau fracture Schatzker IV, V or VI who underwent reduction and definitive osteosynthesis with or without the use of arthroscopy were included. The development of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, and fracture-related infection was evaluated up to 12 months after the definitive surgery. Results: Two hundred eighty-eight patients were included: 86 with arthroscopic assistance and 202 without it. The overall complication rate in the group with and without arthroscopic assistance was 18.60% and 26.73%, respectively (P=.141). No statistical association was found between the use of arthroscopic assistance and the development of the analyzed complications. Discussion and conclusion: The use of arthroscopy to support reduction or addressing concomitant intra-articular injuries did not increase the risk of complications in patients with high-energy tibial plateau fractures at 12 months of follow up.(AU)

Comparación de resultados clínicos de reparación de ligamento cruzado anterior en militares en el activo con uso de aloinjerto versus autoinjerto, seguimiento de 2 años / Comparison of clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament repair in the active military using allograft versus autograft, 2-year follow-up

Resumen: Introducción: Debido a las actividades inherentes del personal del servicio activo de la Armada de México, son constantes las lesiones ligamentarias, en particular la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla (LCA). Actualmente, contamos con diversas técnicas y recursos para su reparación. Objetivo: identificar los resultados clínicos obtenidos en reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior en militares en el activo. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo donde se compararon los resultados clínicos de reparación de ligamento cruzado anterior en militares en el activo con uso de aloinjerto y autoinjerto en 46 pacientes que cumplieron criterios de inclusión para el procedimiento quirúrgico del año 2017 al 2019 en el Centro Médico Naval. Se incluyeron 23 pacientes para cada rubro de reparación de ligamento cruzado anterior con injerto autólogo (patelar contralateral) e injerto heterólogo (ligamento cruzado anterior cadavérico). A todos los pacientes se les aplicaron las escalas IKDC y Lysholm, para la evaluación de resultados subjetivos de mejoría clínica a un seguimiento de dos años. Resultados: se reclutaron 46 pacientes que fueron sometidos a reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior con aloinjerto o con autoinjerto. La media de edad por grupo fue: autólogo 35.6 años, heterólogo 35 años. Índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio: autólogo 26.5, heterólogo 26.5. Sexo masculino en su totalidad. Se observó un mejor nivel de beneficio clínico en los pacientes con injerto heterólogo, tanto en evaluación por escala de IKDC (media 95.52 ± 1.85) como en escala de Lysholm (media 94.91 ± 1.62), en comparación con los injertos autólogos, IKDC (media 89.92 ± 2.55) y Lysholm (media 86.04 ± 5.58), con diferencia significativa (p = 0.0001) al comparar ambas técnicas de reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior. Conclusión: Los resultados de nuestro estudio sugieren que se obtiene una superioridad de funcionalidad referida por los pacientes en los que se utilizó heteroinjerto.

Abstract: Introduction: Due to the inherent activities of the active duty personnel of the Mexican Navy, ligament injuries are constant, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee (ACL). Currently, we have various techniques and resources for its repair. Objective: identify the clinical results obtained in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in active military. Material and methods: retrospective observational study comparing clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament repair in active military with the use of allograft and autograft in 23 patients who met inclusion criteria for the surgical procedure from 2017 to 2019 at the Naval Medical Center. 23 patients (46 in total) were considered for each category of anterior cruciate ligament repair with autologous graft (contralateral patellar) and heterologous graft (cadaveric anterior cruciate ligament). With an average age of autologous (35.6 years), heterologous (35 years). BMI average: autologous (26.5), heterologous (26.5). Male gender in its entirety. The IKDC and Lysholm scales were applied to all patients for the evolution of subjective results of clinical improvement in a 2-year follow-up; where a significant difference (p = 0.0001) could be observed when comparing both anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques. Results: we included 46 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for indication of complete injury respectively by the Joint Surgery Service of the Naval Medical Center. A better level of clinical benefit was observed in patients with heterologous graft, both in evaluation by IKDC scale (median 95.52 ± 1.85) as in Lysholm scale (median 94.91 ± 1.62) compared to autologous grafts, IKDC (median 89.92 ± 2.55) and Lysholm (median 86.04 ± 5.58), with value of p = 0.0001 for both cases. Conclusions: The results our study suggests that a superiority of functionality is obtained as reported by patients in whom heterograft was used.

Beneficios de la reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador en octogenarios. Análisis de resultados funcionales y complicaciones / Benefits of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in octogenar ians. Analysis of functional results and complications

Resumen Introducción: Existe falta de información en la litera tura sobre los resultados de la reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador en pacientes mayores de 80 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una serie conse cutiva de pacientes con rupturas del manguito rotador a los que se les realizó la reparación artroscópica del mismo. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 80 años a quienes se les realizó reparación artroscó pica de manguito rotador entre junio de 2004 y enero de 2016. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 2 años. Para la evaluación funcional y del dolor se utilizaron las escalas Constant, Dash, UCLA y Escala Visual Análoga (EVA). Resultados: El seguimiento promedio fue de 8.4 años. Se obtuvieron mejoras significativas en la valoración del rango de movilidad y la evaluación de las escalas de Constant, Dash y UCLA, y EVA. No se registraron complicaciones mayores y solo 4 pacientes requirieron una re-operación. Conclusión: Los principales hallazgos obtenidos fue ron la mejoría funcional y del dolor en los pacientes mayores de 80 años operados por una ruptura completa del manguito rotador en forma artroscópica.

Abstract Introduction: There is a lack of information in the literature on the results of arthroscopic rotator cuff re pair in patients older than 80 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a consecutive series of patients with rotator cuff tears who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients older than 80 years who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between June 2004 and January 2016. The mini mum follow-up was 2 years. For functional and pain assessment, the Constant, Dash, UCLA scale and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain were used. Results: The average follow-up was 8.4 years. Signifi cant improvements were obtained in the assessment of the range of motion and the evaluation of the Constant, Dash and UCLA scales, as well as in the VAS. No major complications were recorded and only 4 patients re quired a reoperation. Conclusion: The main findings obtained were func tional and pain improvement in patients over 80 years of age operated on for a complete arthroscopic rotator cuff tear.

[Translated article] The use of arthroscopy does not increase the incidence of complications in the management of Schatzker IV-VI tibial plateau fractures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of arthroscopy for tibial plateau fractures type I, II and III according to Schatzker classification has increased, yet its employment for tibial plateau fractures Schatzker IV, V and VI is controversial due to the potential risk of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis and infection. We aimed to compare the rate of operative and postoperative complications among patients with these types of tibial plateau fractures treated with and without arthroscopy at the time of definitive reduction and osteosynthesis. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Patients with diagnosis of tibial plateau fracture Schatzker IV, V or VI who underwent reduction and definitive osteosynthesis with or without the use of arthroscopy were included. The development of compartment syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, and fracture-related infection was evaluated up to 12 months after the definitive surgery. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-eight patients were included: 86 with arthroscopic assistance and 202 without it. The overall complication rate in the group with and without arthroscopic assistance was 18.60% and 26.73%, respectively (p=.141). No statistical association was found between the use of arthroscopic assistance and the development of the analysed complications. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The use of arthroscopy to support reduction or addressing concomitant intra-articular injuries did not increase the risk of complications in patients with high-energy tibial plateau fractures at 12 months of follow up.

Métodos y enfoques terapéuticos para la osteoartritis de rodilla

Introducción: La osteoartritis se considera una enfermedad de daño reumatológico y la más prevalente de este grupo. Se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva del cartílago articular, la aposición de hueso nuevo en el arca trabecular del hueso subcondral y la formación de osteofitos en las márgenes de la articulación. Objetivos: Exponer aspectos relacionados con la conceptualización, métodos y enfoques terapéuticos. Métodos: Se emplearon los descriptores del Medical Subject Headings y de ciencias de la salud. Se revisó la bibliografía actualizada acerca de la enfermedad, los métodos y los enfoques terapéuticos para abordar la misma. Conclusiones: El lavado articular por punción y el lavado con desbridamiento artroscópico garantizan la eficacia del tratamiento de la osteoartritis de rodilla ligera y moderada. La artroscopia influye positivamente en la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is considered a disease of rheumatological damage and the most prevalent of this group. It is characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, apposition of new bone in the trabecular ark of subchondral bone, and formation of osteophytes at the margins of the joint. Objectives: To address aspects related to the conceptualization, methods and therapeutic approaches of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Medical Subject Headings and health sciences descriptors were used. The updated literature on the disease, methods, and therapeutic approaches to address knee osteoarthritis were reviewed. Conclusions: Joint lavage by puncture and lavage with arthroscopic debridement guarantee the efficacy of the treatment of light and moderate knee osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy positively influences the perception of quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Evaluación en la aplicación de ácido hialurónico en pacientes postoperados de artroscopía con gonartrosis grado II-III mediante la escala de WOMAC / Evaluation of the application of hyaluronic acid in postoperative arthroscopy patients with grade II-III gonarthrosis using the WOMAC scale

Resumen: Introducción: la gonartrosis es una enfermedad degenerativa, cuya pérdida de cartílago origina cambios en el hueso adyacente y su respuesta produce deformaciones e intentos de regeneración. En 1934 Meyer y Palmer aislaron el humor vítreo bovino, polisacárido denominado ácido hialurónico, que tiene la propiedad de visco elasticidad. Hoy en día se conocen múltiples procedimientos realizados en ortopedia, con la finalidad de limitar el proceso degenerativo que este conlleva. Objetivo: conocer el uso y la eficacia del ácido hialurónico, en el paciente que requiere artroscopía de rodilla, valorando la evolución del paciente mediante escala de WOMAC; así como el tiempo ideal de aplicación del ácido hialurónico en este grupo de estudio. Material y métodos: ensayo clínico, no aleatorizado longitudinal, prospectivo, analítico. Se valoraron 48 pacientes de 45 a 60 años de edad, divididos en tres grupos con diagnóstico de gonartrosis grado II-III, en quienes se realizaron artroscopía con posterior aplicación ácido hialurónico; en el transquirúrgico (grupo 1), al mes del postquirúrgico (grupo 2) y sin aplicación (grupo 3) en un período de Septiembre de 2015 a Junio de 2016 en el Hospital del ISSSTE «Dr. Darío Fernández Fierro¼. Resultados: el tratamiento mostró diferencias en los pacientes en cuanto a reducción de dolor y rigidez; y mejoría en capacidad funcional. Conclusión: a pesar de que no es concluyente si algún tratamiento es mejor que otro, ciertos datos sugieren que el utilizar ácido hialurónico en el transquirúrgico mejora la rigidez y la función, sin embargo, no logró ser estadísticamente significativo.

Abstract: Introduction: gonarthrosis is a degenerative disease, whose loss of cartilage causes changes in the adjacent bone and its response produces deformations and attempts at regeneration. In 1934 Meyer and Palmer isolated bovine vitreous humor, a polysaccharide called hyaluronic acid, which has the property of visco-elasticity. Today, multiple procedures performed in orthopedics are known, in order to limit the degenerative process that this entails. Objective: to know the use and efficacy of hyaluronic acid in the patient requiring knee arthroscopy, evaluating the evolution of the patient using the WOMAC scale; as well as the ideal time of application of hyaluronic acid in this study group. Material and methods: clinical, non-randomized, prospective, analytical trial. 48 patients from 45 to 60 years of age, divided into 3 groups with a diagnosis of gonarthrosis grade II-III, who underwent arthroscopy with subsequent hyaluronic acid application, were evaluated; in the postoperative period (group 1), one month after the postoperative period (group 2) and without application (group 3) in a period from September 2015 to June 2016 at the ISSSTE Hospital «Dr. Darío Fernández Fierro¼. Results: the treatment showed differences in patients regarding reduction of pain and stiffness; and improvement in functional capacity. Conclusion: despite, there are no conclusive results if the treatment is better than the other, certain data suggests that using hyaluronic acid in the postoperative improves rigidity and function, however, it was not statistically significant.