The Development and Validation of a Subscale for the School-Age Child Behavior CheckList to Screen for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The first aim of this study was to construct/validate a subscale-with cut-offs considering gender/age differences-for the school-age Child Behavior CheckList (CBCL) to screen for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) applying both data-driven (N = 1666) and clinician-expert (N = 15) approaches. Further, we compared these to previously established CBCL ASD profiles/subscales and DSM-oriented subscales. The second aim was to cross-validate results in two truly independent samples (N = 2445 and 886). Despite relatively low discriminative power of all subscales in the cross-validation samples, results indicated that the data-driven subscale had the best potential to screen for ASD and a similar screening potential as the DSM-oriented subscales. Given beneficial implications for pediatric/clinical practice, we encourage colleagues to continue the validation of this CBCL ASD subscale.

Multi-layer relationships between psychological symptoms and life adaptation among humidifier disinfectant survivors.

In April 2011, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced the results of an epidemiological investigation that an unknown cause of lung disease that occurred throughout Korea was caused by humidifier disinfectants. The unprecedented social catastrophe caused by humidifier disinfectants, a household chemical, has so far reported 1,784 deaths and 5,984 survivors in South Korea. This study was designed to investigate the multi-layer relationships between psychological symptoms and adaptive functioning in survivors of the Humidifier disinfectants in South Korea caused by chemical toxic substances. Specifically, this study aimed to explore how psychological symptoms affect actual interpersonal relationships and job adjustment with two variable sets, six internalizing and externalizing subscales, and three adaptation subscales. A total of 224 survivors recruited from a program to support humidifier disinfectant survivors by the government participated in this study. This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of one of the Universities in South Korea. The age range of the participants was 18-73 years (M = 42.23, SD = 10.90), 37.1% (n = 83) were male, and 62.9% (n = 141) were female. The participants responded to the Adult Self-Report (ASR) of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). A Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) generated three unique patterns in the relationships between psychological symptoms and adaptive functions. Humidifier disinfectant survivors in the first pattern were more vulnerable to psychological symptoms and showed maladaptive functioning in life. Survivors in the second pattern showed intrusive behaviors and appeared to be adaptive in relationships with friends. Finally, survivors in the third pattern showed aggressive behaviors and reported poor partner relationships while showing good relationships with friends. The practical implications of the interventions are also discussed.

Paroxysmal Finger Hematoma-A Probable Vascular Disorder in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Two Clinical Case Presentations.

Background and Objectives: Achenbach's syndrome is usually a benign, self-limiting clinical condition presented with finger discoloration, pain, and edema. Etiology, pathogenesis, and incidence remain unknown due to the variety of clinical features and the diversity of disease states leading to digital ischemia. COVID-19 primarily affects microcirculation, causing endothelial damage and disseminated microthrombosis. Materials and Methods: We reviewed two cases of Caucasian women with Achenbach's syndrome after COVID-19 infection recovery between April and May 2021. Results: Here are presented two extremely rare cases of paroxysmal finger hematoma in two female patients after COVID-19 infection recovery. Conclusions: The exact etiology and pathophysiology of Achenbach's syndrome remain unclear. It is assumed that SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the triggering factor in the pathophysiological mechanism of paroxysmal finger hematoma. We highly recommend the implication of the synthetic prostacyclin receptor agonist (Iloprost) as a first-line conservative treatment in patients with Achenbach's syndrome and COVID-19 infection recovery.

Achenbach Syndrome: Case Report and Discussion.

Achenbach syndrome is a rare, benign, self-limiting condition characterized by spontaneous, recurrent bruising of the digits without evidence of systemic disease or predisposing factors. We report a middle-aged Caucasian female that presented to the outpatient clinic with spontaneous bruising on the dorsal aspect of her left first metacarpal. Diagnosis of Achenbach syndrome was made through history and physical examination findings, and the patient was discharged with instructions to follow up as needed. It is important for providers to consider Achenbach syndrome to reassure patients and prevent an expensive or invasive workup.

Achenbach Syndrome: A Case Series.

Achenbach syndrome, also known as "paroxysmal finger haematoma", is a rare, benign, self-limiting condition with unknown etiology that results in an acute onset swelling and pain, and subsequently blue discoloration of the fingers and sometimes the feet. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is not entirely clear, but intermittent spontaneous hematoma formation is reported as its characteristic symptom. Achenbach syndrome is more predominant in the female population. There are no known risk factors such as trauma, drug use, bleeding disorders, or rheumatologic diseases associated with the etiology of this syndrome. Although the symptoms are alarming to patients, the condition itself is not accompanied by any significant complications. Herein we present our case series of four patients experiencing symptoms compatible with the diagnosis of Achenbach syndrome. The aim of this study is to increase awareness of this condition and its benign nature to avoid unnecessary referrals or invasive procedures and investigations as well as alleviate the anxiety of patients.

The prevalence of depressive disorders in school students aged 6-16 years in Beijing / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of depressive disorders among school students aged 6-16 years in Beijing, the effect of age and gender on the prevalence, and the behavioral and emotional profiles of identified students with depressive disorders.Methods:The prevalence of depressive disorders in primary and secondary school students aged 6-16 years in Beijing from January 2012 to December 2014 was examined by a multistage stratified random sampling method.In the first stage, the Achenbach′s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to identify high-risk children and adolescents.In the second stage, the high-risk group was further screened by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), and then two psychiatrists made the final diagnosis according to the diagnostic criteria of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Ⅳ). This study was a prospective epidemiological investigation.The effect of age and gender on the disease prevalence was analyzed by Chi- square test. Results:About 2.29% (234/10 215 cases) of the school students aged 6-16 years in Beijing had depressive disorders.The incidence of depressive disorders was 1.80% (106/5 866 cases) in boys and 2.94% (128/4 349 cases) in girls.There is an age effect on the prevalence of depression.As the age increases, the morbidity of depressive disorders increases.The age of 12 years was a critical turning point, and the peak incidence was reached at around the age of 15 years.The emotional and behavioral problems of patients with depressive disorders mainly include social problems, withdrawal depressed, anxiety and depressed, somatic complaints, and aggressive behavior.Conclusions:The prevalence of depressive disorders among school students aged 6-16 years in Beijing is 2.29%.Depressive disorders occur in primary and middle school students of all ages.More attention should be paid to the mood of students before and after the entrance exams for junior high school and senior middle school, especially the girls′ mood.In the process of screening, diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders, the atypical symptoms of depression need to be paid more attention.

Achenbach syndrome as a rare cause of painful, blue finger.

Paroxysmal finger hematoma, also known as Achenbach syndrome, is an underdiagnosed condition that causes apprehension in patients owing to the alarming appearance. It usually presents as a blue-purple discoloration of the volar aspect of one or more digits and can be associated with pain and paresthesia. This condition is benign and is usually self-limiting.

Translation and adaptation of adult self report: A tool for assessment of adult psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE: To translate, adapt and validate the Adult Self-Report tool in Urdu language, and to establish internal consistency of its subscales. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018 at the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised adult stable psychiatric outpatients and non-clinical subjects from the community. After forward and backward translation of Adult Self-Report, the tool was tested on the subjects who responded on a three-point Likert scale from 'never' to 'very often'. The items were grouped under eight subscales. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: Of the 768 participants, 408(53%) were outpatients and 360(47%) were non-clinical subjects. The overall age range was 18-59 years. The tool was found to be effective for Pakistani sample, with root mean square error of approximation (0.03), comparative fit index (0.94) and Tucker-Lewis Index (0.94) values indicating good fit. Also, al items indicated good factor loadings (range: 0.25-0.94). Alpha values indicated that all subscales were internally consistent (range: 0.64-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Adult Self-Report was found to be a comprehensive tool showing a good model fit for Pakistani population.

Parent-Teacher Disagreement on Ratings of Behavior Problems in Children with ASD: Associations with Parental School Involvement Over Time.

ASD symptomology and behavioral problems pose challenges for children with ASD in school. Disagreement between parents and teachers in ratings of children's behavior problems may provide clinically relevant information. We examined parent-teacher disagreement on ratings of behavior problems among children with ASD during the fall and spring of the school year. When child, teacher, and class characteristics were considered simultaneously, only ASD symptom severity predicted informant disagreement on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. We also examined associations between informant disagreement and parent school involvement. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that higher informant disagreement on children's behavior problems in the fall predicted lower parent school involvement in the spring, suggesting that greater informant agreement may foster parental school involvement over time.

A Case of the Blue Finger - Achenbach Syndrome.

Achenbach Syndrome is a self-limiting, benign condition that causes paroxysmal atraumatic hematomas in the volar aspects of fingers.1 It may be associated with burning, swelling, numbness, painful movement of hand joints, or a tingling sensation, often resembling serious vascular diseases that leads to extensive diagnostic testing. Despite the sometimes intriguing clinical picture, Achenbach Syndrome is self-resolving, and does not require diagnostic testing or treatment. We describe a case of Achenbach syndrome in a 77- year-old patient.

Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Health emergencies, such as epidemics, have detrimental and long-lasting consequences on people's mental health, which are higher during the implementation of strict lockdown measures. Despite several recent psychological researches on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighting that young adults represent a high risk category, no studies specifically focused on young adults' mental health status have been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess and monitor Italian young adults' mental health status during the first 4 weeks of lockdown through the use of a longitudinal panel design. METHODS: Participants (n = 97) provided self-reports in four time intervals (1-week intervals) in 1 month. The Syndromic Scales of Adult Self-Report 18-59 were used to assess the internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (aggressive, rule-breaking, and intrusive behavior), and personal strengths. To determine the time-varying effects of prolonged quarantine, a growth curve modeling will be performed. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in anxiety/depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, rule-breaking behavior, and internalizing and externalizing problems and a decrease in intrusive behavior and personal strengths from T1 to T4. CONCLUSIONS: The results contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency, helping to plan and develop efficient intervention projects able to take care of young adults' mental health in the long term.

Hematoma paroxístico de los dedos (Síndrome de Achenbach) / Paroxysmal finger haematoma (Achenbach syndrome)

RESUMEN El hematoma paroxístico de los dedos hace referencia a pacientes que padecen episodios súbitos de dolor y edema en uno o más dígitos con la subsecuente aparición de un hematoma, predominantemente en la región palmar de las falanges proximales. El hematoma paroxístico de los dígitos es una condición rara y benigna de etiología desconocida. Los síntomas prodrómicos como dolor, hormigueo y picazón pueden ocurrir desde minutos hasta horas antes de que aparezca el cambio de coloración. El sangrado subdérmico por lo general se detiene espontáneamente o minutos después de aplicar presión local y los cambios de coloración usualmente desaparecen. El diagnóstico se basa estrictamente en las características clínicas ya que todas las investigaciones de rutina suelen ser normales. El curso de esta condición es benigno y los síntomas se resuelven sin dejar secuelas permanentes. Los médicos deberían encontrarse alertas sobre esta condición para reconocerla y asesorar correctamente al paciente acerca de su pronóstico y evitar el pedido de estudios complementarios innecesarios.

SUMMARY Paroxysmal finger hematoma refers to patients suffering from episodic pain and swelling in one or more digits with subsequent appearance of a hematoma in the palmar aspect of the proximal phalanges. Paroxysmal finger hematoma is a rare and benign condition of unknown etiology. Prodromal symptoms such as pain, tingling and itching may occur from minutes to hours before the color change appears. Subdermal bleeding usually stops spontaneously or after local pressure is applied, and changes in coloration usually disappear. The diagnosis is strictly based on the clinical features since all routine investigations are usually normal. The course of this condition is benign and the symptoms resolve without permanent sequelae. Doctors should become aware of this condition to advise their patients about the prognosis and to avoid the request of unnecessary additional studies.

An Acute Blue Finger: A Case of Achenbach's Syndrome.

Achenbach's syndrome, also known as paroxysmal finger haematoma, is a rare condition that results in spontaneous bruising and pain in one or more fingers. Despite its benign and self-limiting course, the remarkable clinical presentation can suggest serious vascular and haematological disease leading to unnecessary referrals and invasive investigations. The authors present the case of a 60-year-old woman with an acute painful and bruised finger. All other physical findings and investigations were normal, except for autoimmune thyroiditis. Based on the clinical presentation and course, the diagnosis of Achenbach's syndrome was made and the symptoms resolved without treatment. LEARNING POINTS: Achenbach's syndrome is a rare and benign condition characterized by recurrent episodes of sudden pain, bruising and swelling of one or more fingers.It is a self-limiting condition and the diagnosis is essentially based on history and clinical examination.It is important to recognize this rare syndrome in order to address patient concerns and avoid unnecessary referrals or invasive investigations.

Analysis of 24 patients with Achenbach's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Achenbach's syndrome is a rare condition, and the etiology is unknown. It is most commonly seen in the volar plate of the hand distal interphalangeal joint. Patients diagnosed with Achenbach's syndrome in cardiovascular surgery clinic were retrospectively compared with the literature. AIM: To investigate the symptoms, findings, sociodemographic conditions, and laboratory data of patients diagnosed with Achenbach's syndrome. METHODS: The study is a retrospective review of 24 patients diagnosed with Achenbach's syndrome at Afyonkarahisar State Hospital between March 2015 and November 2016, at Sivas Numune Hospital between November 2016 and November 2017, and at Cumhuriyet University Cardiovascular Surgery Department between November 2017 and November 2018. In the study, demographic characteristics of the patients, signs and symptoms of the disease, and laboratory data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 83.33% female patients and 16.67% male patients. The disease was most commonly located in the index finger of the right hand. All of the patients complained of bruising and pain. No pathologic findings were present in the laboratory results. According to these results, it can be concluded that Achenbach syndrome is most commonly seen in the right index finger of middle-aged female patients. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to clarify Achenbach's syndrome and to develop a diagnosis and treatment algorithm. As the awareness of this syndrome increases, large amounts of data will be obtained. According to current knowledge, Achenbach's syndrome is not among the known causes of mortality or morbidity. However, it is unknown whether it is seen in brain or other vital organs.

Achenbach syndrome (paroxysmal finger hematoma).

Achenbach syndrome (paroxysmal finger hematoma) refers to a condition in which a patient exhibits episodic pain and swelling in one or more digits along with the subsequent appearance of a hematoma on the palmar side of the proximal phalanges. Achenbach syndrome is a benign condition of unknown etiology in which prodromal symptoms, such as pain, tingling, and itching, may occur from minutes to hours before the color change appears. The subdermal bleeding usually stops spontaneously or after local pressure is applied. The color changes usually disappear within a few days, without permanent sequelae. The diagnosis of Achenbach syndrome is based strictly on its clinical features because the results of all routine investigations are usually normal. Physicians should become aware of this condition in order to advise their patients about its benign prognosis and to avoid unnecessary testing.