Reducing non-productive adsorption of cellulase and enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses by noncovalent modification of lignin with lignosulfonate.

Four fractions of one commercial sodium lignosulfonate (SXP) with different molecular weight (MW) and anionic polymers were studied to reduce non-productive adsorption of cellulase on bound lignin in a lignocellulosic substrate. SXP with higher MW had stronger blocking effect on non-productive adsorption of a commercial Trichoderma reesi cellulase cocktail (CTec2) on lignin measured by quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation monitoring. Linear anionic aromatic polymers have strong blocking effect, but they would also reduce CTec2 adsorption on cellulose to decrease the enzymatic activity. The copolymer of lignin and polyethylene glycol (AL-PEG1000) has strong enhancement in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses, because it not only improves the cellulase activity to cellulose, but also blocks the non-productive cellulase adsorption on lignin. Apart from improving the cellulase activity to cellulose, the enhancements of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by adding AL-PEG1000 and SXPs are the result of the decreased cellulase non-productive adsorption on lignin.

Isolation of total RNA from hard bamboo tissue rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides for gene expression studies

RNA isolation from hard and woody internodal bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) tissue is very difficult due to the presence of secondary metabolites, polysaccharides, and polyphenolics. These compounds often co-precipitate with isolated RNA and hinder downstream applications. We have developed an efficient, cost effective and reproducible RNA isolation method from hard tissue of bamboo internode. This protocol includes an additional organic solvent refinement steps to remove endogenous phenolic compounds and acidic phenol (pH 4.2) to critically stabilize RNA in extraction buffer. In addition to these, two 2M Lithium chloride washing steps were introduced to eliminate DNA and polysaccharides contamination. The RNA isolated from the present protocol was found to be superior, when compared to total RNA extracted by other available protocols. The A260/A280 absorption ratio of the isolated RNA was found ranging between 1.89-1.97. The integrity of 28S and 18S rRNA was highly satisfactory when analyzed in agarose denaturing gel. RNA was further used for RT PCR, northern hybridization, cDNA library and subtractive hybridization without any further refinement.

Contents of Rhodioloside and Polysaccharide in Different Parts of Cultivated Rhodiola sachalinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the contents of Rhodioloside and polysaccharide extracted from different part in cultivated Rhodiola sachalinensis.METHODS:The Rhodioloside was extracted with 70% alcohol and determined by HPLC;The polysaccharide was extracted with water and determined by sulphuric acid-phenol method.RESULTS:The content of the Rhodioside ranged between 0.026 5% and 0.443 2%,and the content of polysaccharide between 0.965% and 4.612% in the medicinal herbs,with the main root showing the highest contents.CONCLUSION:The contents of Rhodioside and polysaccharide are obviously different in different part of cultivated Rhodiola sachalinensis.The results provided reasonable theoretical evidence for the exploitation of cultivated Rhodiola sachalinensis.

The Determination for the Content of Polysaccharide in Polygonum Multiflorum Thunb. and the Refined / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To determine the content of Polygonum multiflorum thunb. Polysaccharide and the refined. [Methods] The sulfuric acid-phenol method was used. [Results] ?_ max = 486nm. The linear rang was 10.5～94.5?g?L -1 .And the average recovery was 101.23%(n=5,RSD=3.03%). The content of Polygonum multiflorum thunb. Polysaccharide was 14.28% and the refined was 19.03%. [Conclusion] The method was simple,rapid and reliable.