Perfil dos pacientes operados por adenoma hepático em serviço de cirurgia hepatobiliar do Rio Grande do Sul / Profile of patients who underwent operation for liver adenoma in an hepatobiliary surgery service in Rio Grande do Sul

Introdução: O trabalho objetiva avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes operados por adenoma hepático e os fatores de influência nas diferentes apresentações clínicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com 21 pacientes operados por adenoma hepático. Dados de prontuário e laudos anatomopatológicos foram revisados a fim de estudar a relação entre perfil dos pacientes, apresentação clínica e características do tumor. Resultados: Sexo feminino foi predominante na amostra. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 32 anos e o IMC médio 25,9. Uso de anticoncepcional oral foi relatado em 93% dos casos, sendo 13 anos o tempo médio de uso. A presença de comorbidades teve associação com adenomas de maior tamanho, e diabetes mellitus foi doença mais frequente associada a este tumor. Houve associação clínica entre tamanho do adenoma e sintomatologia: pacientes com sinais e sintomas mais pronunciados apresentaram lesões de tamanho médio superior em comparação aos pacientes com sintomas inespecíficos ou ausentes. Conclusão: Os fatores já conhecidos associados ao Adenoma Hepático envolvem o sexo feminino, uso de contraceptivo oral de longa data, doenças do armazenamento do glicogênio, uso de anabolizantes e, menos comumente, gestação e diabetes mellitus. Neste trabalho evidenciamos o diabetes mellitus como a comorbidade mais frequente entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de Adenoma Hepático, relacionando-se a adenomas de maior tamanho na amostra deste estudo, o que sugere possível associação do diabetes mellitus na gênese dos adenomas hepáticos e também no prognóstico, visto que lesões maiores representam risco aumentado de complicações.

Introduction: This work aims to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients who underwent surgery for liver adenoma and the factors that could influence different clinical presentations. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 21 patients with liver adenoma who underwent surgery. Medical records and pathological reports were reviewed to study the connection between patients' profile, clinical presentation, and features of the tumor. Results: Female sex predominated in the sample. The mean age of patients was 32 years and the mean BMI was 25.9. The use of oral contraceptives was reported in 93% of the cases, with an average usage time of 13 years. The presence of comorbidities was associated with larger adenomas, and diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity co-existing with this tumor. Clinical association between the size of adenomas and symptoms was identified: patients with more pronounced signs and symptoms had larger lesions compared with patients with nonspecific or absent symptoms. Conclusion: The known factors associated with Hepatic Adenoma involve female sex, long-term use of oral contraceptives, glycogen storage diseases, use of anabolic steroids, and, less commonly, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. In this study, we highlight diabetes mellitus as the most frequent comorbidity among patients diagnosed with Hepatic Adenoma, relating to larger adenomas in this study sample, which suggests a possible association of diabetes mellitus in the genesis of liver adenomas and in the prognosis, since larger lesions represent an increased risk of complications.

Ressecção laparoscópica de tumores benignos do fígado: posição atual / Laparoscopic liver resection for benign tumors: the current position

RESUMO - RACIONAL: As principais indicações das hepatectomias video-laparoscópicas (HVL), inicialmente, eram nas lesões hepáticas benignas. À medida que a HVL se tornou mais popular, as indicações de doenças malignas superaram as de doenças benignas. Este estudo teve como objetivo discutir as indicações e resultados da HVL para o tratamento de tumores hepáticos benignos. MÉTODOS: De 445 HVL realizadas em um único centro, 100 (22,4%) foram para tumores benignos. Os autores discutem as indicações para ressecção e apresentam seus resultados perioperatórios. RESULTADOS: No total, 100 pacientes com tumores benignos foram avaliados, a saber: 66 casos de adenomas hepatocelulares; 14 de neoplasia mucinosa biliar; 13 de hiperplasia nodular focal; 4 de angiomiolipomas; e 3 de hemangiomas. O tamanho médio das lesões foi de 7,6 cm (3,1 a 19,6 cm). A taxa de morbidade total foi de 19%, sendo 9% classificados como Clavien-Dindo 3 ou 4 e não foi observada mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A HVL para tumores hepáticos benignos é segura e apresenta excelentes resultados. No entanto, as indicações para cirurgia são cada vez mais restritas, não sendo recomendável indicar a ressecção somente por se tratar de procedimento minimamente invasivo.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: The main indications of the use of laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS), in the early days, were benign liver lesions. As LLS became more popular, indications for malignant diseases outnumbered those for benign ones. This study aims to rule out the indications and results of LLS for the treatment of benign liver tumors. METHODS: Out of 445 LLS performed in a single center, 100 (22.4%) were for benign tumors. The authors discuss the indications for resection and present their perioperative results. RESULTS: In total, 100 patients with benign tumors were evaluated. Specifically, these were as follows: 66 cases of hepatocellular adenomas; 14 cases of biliary mucinous neoplasm; 13 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia; 4 cases of angiomyolipomas; and 3 cases of hemangiomas with a mean size of 7.6 cm (ranging from 3.1 to 19.6 cm). The total morbidity rate was 19%, with 9% classified as Clavien-Dindo grades 3 or 4. No mortality was observed. CONCLUSION: LLS for benign liver tumors is safe and presents excellent results. However, indications for resection are increasingly restricted and should not be performed just because it is a minimally invasive procedure.

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular adenoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular adenoma.Methods:The clinical data of 23 hepatocellular adenoma patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from May 2013 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Fifteen patients were female, the age ranged from 21 to 60. The maximum tumor diameter was from 2.5 cm to 15 cm.Most patients (15/23) were asymptomatic. There were 20 cases (87%) with single lesion and 3 cases (13%) with multiple lesions. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI showed enhancement in the arterial phase, and de-enhancement in the portal phase as well as in the delayed phase. All cases underwent tumor resection. Hepatocellular adenoma was confirmed by pathology with partial canceration in one case and intratumoral hemorrhage in two cases. Sixteen cases were misdiagnosed preoperatively, 20 were followed up with the median follow-up time of 36 months. Recurrence was not found.Conclusion:Hepatocellular adenoma is uncommon and often misdiagnosed. Preoperative diagnosis is dependent on MRI.Given the fact of high rate misdiagnosis and a tendency of canceration,resection is recommended.

Limited added value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound over B-mode for the subtyping of hepatocellular adenomas.

PURPOSE: To compare the features of hepatocellular adenoma subtypes (HCAs) in B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). METHOD: Thirty-three patients (31 women [94 %] and two men [6%], median age [Q1-Q3] 43.5 years old [35-51]) with 44 pathologically proven and subtyped HCAs (including 29 inflammatory HCAs [I-HCA] and 15 HNF1-α inactivated HCAs [H-HCA]) who underwent CEUS were included. The features of HCA on B-mode and CEUS were independently reviewed by two radiologists and compared between HCA subtypes. RESULTS: I-HCAs were mostly hypoechoic (23/29, 79 %) or isoechoic (4/29, 14 %) with B-mode. Twelve of them (41 %) were heterogeneous. All H-HCAs except one demonstrated homogeneous hyperechogenicity (93 %) (p = 0.001). Moderate or marked liver steatosis was only observed in I-HCAs (12/29, 41 %) (p = 0.001). Arterial hyperenhancement was observed on CEUS in 27/29 (93 %) I-HCAs and in 14/15 (93 %) H-HCAs (p=0.98). Washout was present in 6/29 (21 %) I-HCAs and 1/15 (7%) H-HCAs (p=0.27). A total of 23/29 (79 %) I-HCAs and 15/15 (100 %) HCAs were homogeneous on portal and delayed phase acquisitions (p=0.04). The specificity for identifying an H-HCA was 100 % when the lesion was homogeneous and hyperechoic on B-mode, and the sensibility to rule out an H-HCA was 100 % if neither of these two features was present in a liver with obvious steatosis. CONCLUSIONS: Most CEUS features, especially enhancement patterns, do not significantly differ between HCA subtypes. When HCA is suspected on CEUS, B-mode features should be considered, and a combination of lesion hyperechogenicity, homogeneity and the absence of obvious liver steatosis may be useful to distinguish H-HCAs from I-HCAs.

A multicentre retrospective analysis on growth of residual hepatocellular adenoma after resection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a benign liver tumour that may require resection in select cases. The aim of this study was to the assess growth of residual HCA in the remnant liver and to advise on an evidence-based management strategy. METHOD: This multicentre retrospective cohort study included all patients with HCA who underwent surgery of HCA and had residual HCA in the remnant liver. Growth was defined as an increase of >20% in transverse diameter (RECIST criteria). Data on patient and HCA characteristics, diagnostic work-up, treatment and follow-up were documented and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were included, one male. At diagnosis, median age was 38yrs (IQR 30.0-44.0) and median BMI was 29.9 kg/m2 (IQR 24.6-33.3). After resection, median number of residual sites of HCA was 3 (IQR 2-6). Follow-up of residual HCA showed regression in 24.6%, stable HCA in 61.9% and growth of at least one lesion in 11.2%. Three patients (2.2%) developed new HCA that were not visible on imaging prior to surgery. Four patients (3%, one male) underwent an intervention as growth was progressive. No statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics were found between patients with growing residual or new HCA versus those with stable or regressing residual HCA. CONCLUSION: In patients with multiple HCA who undergo resection, growth of residual HCA is not uncommon but interventions are rarely needed as most lesions stabilize and do not show progressive growth. Surveillance is indicated when residual HCA show growth after resection, enabling intervention in case of progressive growth.

[Management of benign liver tumors]. / Management benigner Lebertumoren.

Benign liver tumors form a heterogeneous group. The most frequent forms include simple cysts, hemangiomas, focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenomas. They are often incidentally detected during routine sonography. The diagnosis of a liver tumor not uncommonly causes anxiety and insecurity in those affected, which is why a rapid and reliable diagnostic procedure should be carried out. Because some tumors, particularly hepatocellular adenomas, are of prognostic relevance due to the potential risk of malignant transformation, a correct classification should always be strived for. The type and extent of diagnostic clarification depend on the clinical and patient-related risk factors. This article describes the most important benign space-occupying lesions. The etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnostics as well as possible necessary treatment measures are presented.

[Radiological diagnostic workup of liver tumors]. / Radiologische Diagnostik bei Lebertumoren.

The imaging of focal liver lesions is a common task in daily radiological routine. The objectives of diagnostic imaging are, in addition to lesion detection, the characterization of the lesion as well as the follow-up assessment after surgical or local treatment or under systemic therapy. This article presents the typical morphologies observed in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas as the most important representatives of primary malignant liver tumors and juxtaposes them with benign primary liver lesions such as adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). In addition, relevant technical aspects of imaging are briefly summarized. Finally, the main and additional criteria of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS®) classification, which are becoming increasingly established clinically for the evaluation of liver lesions in the cirrhotic liver, are presented.

Extrauterine Adenomyoma of the Liver Mimicking a Hepatic Adenoma: A Case Report.

Extrauterine adenomyoma of the liver is extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported, and these reports have focused mainly on histopathology. Herein, we report the specific imaging findings of extrauterine adenomyoma of the liver in a 43-year-old woman with epigastric pain, which was initially diagnosed as a hepatic adenoma. CT and MRI revealed a solid and cystic mass with hemorrhagic foci and weak persistent enhancement, located in the subcapsular region of the right hepatic lobe.

Growth of hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The presence of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) in pregnant women requires special consideration, as it has been reported to carry the risk of growth and clinically significant haemorrhage. In this prospective study we assessed aspects of growth of HCA <5 cm during pregnancy. METHODS: This was a multicentre prospective cohort study in pregnant women with suspected HCA <5 cm on imaging. Definitive HCA diagnosis was established by MRI with hepatobiliary contrast agents (LCE-MRI), preferably before pregnancy. If at study inclusion a definitive diagnosis was lacking, LCE-MRI was performed after giving birth. Growth of the adenoma (defined as an increase of >20%) was closely monitored with ultrasound examinations throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 66 women included, 18 were excluded from analysis because postpartum LCE-MRI did not confirm the diagnosis of HCA and showed the lesion to be focal nodular hyperplasia. The remaining 48 women, with an HCA confirmed by LCE-MRI, were followed during 51 pregnancies. Median age was 30 years (IQR 27-33) and median body mass index 31.9 kg/m2 (IQR 26.3-36.6). Growth of HCA was seen in 13 of the pregnancies (25.5%); the median increase was 14 mm (IQR 8-19). One woman whose HCA grew to >70 mm successfully underwent transarterial embolization at week 26 of pregnancy to prevent further growth. The other 50 pregnancies proceeded without complications. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an HCA <5 cm confers minimal risk to a pregnant woman and none to her child. HCA increased in size during a quarter of pregnancies, so we recommend close monitoring with ultrasound examinations, enabling intervention if needed. In light of the large proportion of misdiagnosed HCA, LCE-MRI should be performed to prevent unnecessary anxiety in women with a benign liver lesion. LAY SUMMARY: The presence of hepatocellular adenoma in pregnant women requires special consideration, as it carries the risk of growth and haemorrhage. In this study we followed 48 patients with hepatocellular adenoma <5 cm during 51 pregnancies and found that a hepatocellular adenoma during pregnancy confers minimal risk to the pregnant woman and none to her child.

New MRI features improve subtype classification of hepatocellular adenoma.

OBJECTIVE: MRI is crucial for the classification of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) into subtypes. Our objective was to review and increase MRI criteria for subtype classification and define the limits. METHODS: Pathological and radiological data of 116 HCAs were retrospectively analyzed to investigate MRI features of HCA pathological subtypes. Risk for complication was also evaluated with regard to subtype and tumor size. RESULTS: 38/43 (88%) HNF1α-mutated HCAs (H-HCAs) were discriminated by (i) fatty component (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and (ii) hypovascular pattern, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 97%. 51/58 (88%) inflammatory HCAs (IHCAs) displayed features of sinusoidal dilatation (SD) including three different patterns (global SD, atoll sign, and a new "crescent sign" corresponding to a partial peripheral rim, hyperintense on T2W and/or arterial phase with persistent delayed enhancement). Sensitivity was 88% and specificity 100%. However, some HCA remained unclassifiable by MRI: HCA remodeled by necrotic/hemorrhagic changes covering > 50% of the lesion, H-HCAs without steatosis, IHCAs without SD, ß-catenin-mutated and unclassified HCAs. Regarding malignant transformation (5/116) and bleeding (24/116), none was observed when the HCA diameter was smaller than 5.2 cm and 4.2 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on the largest series evaluated until now, we identified several non-described MRI features and propose new highly sensitive and specific MRI criteria. With the addition of these new features, 88% of the two main HCA subtypes could be identified. KEY POINTS: • HNF1α-mutated hepatocellular adenomas (H-HCA) are characterized by the presence of fat and hypovascular pattern in MRI. • Inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas (I-HCA) are characterized by different patterns translating sinusoidal dilatation including the newly described crescent sign. • No MRI specific pattern was identified for ß-catenin-mutated HCA (b-HCA).

The progress of hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming in molecule mechanism researches / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hepatocellular adenoma is a rare type of benign tumor in the liver. It has high risk of rupture and low risk of malignant transform. Recently the incidence of hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming has been increasing. The malignant progress of hepatocellular adenoma develop to hepatocellular carcinoma has the transition state. This course not only relyes on the CTNNB1 gene exon 3 mutations, but also depends on TERT gene promoter mutation. This article will elaborate the hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming in molecule mechanism, pathological diagnosis and therapies.

The progress of hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming in molecule mechanism researches / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hepatocellular adenoma is a rare type of benign tumor in the liver. It has high risk of rupture and low risk of malignant transform. Recently the incidence of hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming has been increasing. The malignant progress of hepatocellular adenoma develop to hepatocellular carcinoma has the transition state. This course not only relyes on the CTNNB1 gene exon 3 mutations, but also depends on TERT gene promoter mutation. This article will elaborate the hepatocellular adenoma malignant transforming in molecule mechanism, pathological diagnosis and therapies.

Clinical value of CT combined with MRI in qualitative diagnosis of liver lesions / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical value of CT combined with MRI in the qualitative diagnosis of hepatic lesions.@*Methods@#From August 2015 to March 2018, 100 patients with liver diseases were selected from Zhoushan Hospital.CT, MRI and combined examination were performed respectively.The results of diagnosis of liver diseases in three different ways were compared and analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 96 lesions were detected by CT, the detectable rate was 88.89%, 97 lesions were detected by MRI, and the detectable rate was 89.81%.A total of 105 lesions were detected by CT and MRI, and the detectable rate was 97.22%.The detection rate and number of detected lesions of combined test were significantly higher than those of single test (χ2=8.25, 6.22, all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate and the number of lesions between CT and MRI (all P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions by the combination of CT and MRI is very good.The diagnostic effect is relatively small and the safety factor is high.It is worth widely used in clinical diagnosis of patients.

Clinical value of CT combined with MRI in qualitative diagnosis of liver lesions / 中国基层医药

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of CT combined with MRI in the qualitative diagnosis of hepatic lesions.Methods From August 2015 to March 2018,100 patients with liver diseases were selected from Zhoushan Hospital.CT,MRI and combined examination were performed respectively.The results of diagnosis of liver diseases in three different ways were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 96 lesions were detected by CT,the detectable rate was 88.89% ,97 lesions were detected by MRI,and the detectable rate was 89.81%. A total of 105 lesions were detected by CT and MRI,and the detectable rate was 97.22%.The detection rate and number of detected lesions of combined test were significantly higher than those of single test (χ2 =8.25,6.22,all P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in the detection rate and the number of lesions between CT and MRI (all P>0.05).Conclusion The diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions by the combination of CT and MRI is very good.The diagnostic effect is relatively small and the safety factor is high.It is worth widely used in clinical diagnosis of patients.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising in a Huge Hepatocellular Adenoma with Bone Marrow Metaplasia.

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is the most common type of benign liver tumor, and its major complication is malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report a case of HCC arising in HCA with bone marrow metaplasia in a 24-year-old Korean woman who presented with abdominal discomfort. A huge liver mass was found on abdominal ultrasonography. She underwent surgical hepatic resection, and the resected specimen was entirely involved by a 20-cm-sized tumor. Histological review revealed a well differentiated HCC arising from inflammatory HCA with ß-catenin nuclear positivity and bone marrow metaplasia that contained hematopoietic cells. This case was unique because malignant transformation, inflammatory type HCA, ß-catenin nuclear staining, and bone marrow metaplasia were simultaneously observed. Additionally, it should be noted that a large HCA with ß-catenin activation can undergo malignant transformation and should be surgically resected in a timely manner.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Arising in a Huge Hepatocellular Adenoma with Bone Marrow Metaplasia

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is the most common type of benign liver tumor, and its major complication is malignant transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report a case of HCC arising in HCA with bone marrow metaplasia in a 24-year-old Korean woman who presented with abdominal discomfort. A huge liver mass was found on abdominal ultrasonography. She underwent surgical hepatic resection, and the resected specimen was entirely involved by a 20-cm-sized tumor. Histological review revealed a well differentiated HCC arising from inflammatory HCA with β-catenin nuclear positivity and bone marrow metaplasia that contained hematopoietic cells. This case was unique because malignant transformation, inflammatory type HCA, β-catenin nuclear staining, and bone marrow metaplasia were simultaneously observed. Additionally, it should be noted that a large HCA with β-catenin activation can undergo malignant transformation and should be surgically resected in a timely manner.

Should fat in the radiofrequency ablation zone of hepatocellular adenomas raise suspicion for residual tumour?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the significance of fat in the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) zone of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), and its association with tumoral fat and hepatic steatosis. METHODS: The radiological archive was searched for patients with ablated HCAs and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging between January 2008 and June 2014. Age, sex, risk factors and duration of clinical and imaging follow-up were recorded. Pre-RFA imaging was assessed for tumour size, intra-tumoral fat and steatosis. Post-RFA imaging was reviewed for size, enhancement and intra-ablational fat. Intra-ablational fat was classified as peripheral, central or mixed; the association of these distributions with steatosis and tumoral fat was assessed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with 26 ablated HCAs were included. Fat was present in 23/26 (88 %) ablation zones. Only 1/26 (4 %) showed serial enlargement and enhancement suggestive of residual disease; the enhancing area did not contain fat. All remaining ablations showed involution and/or diminishing fat content without suspicious enhancement (mean follow-up, 27 months; range, 2-84 months). The peripheral and mixed/central patterns of intra-ablational fat were associated with steatosis (P = 0.0005) and tumoral fat (P = 0.0003), respectively. CONCLUSION: Fat in the ablation zone of HCAs is a common finding which, in isolation, does not indicate residual tumour. KEY POINTS: • Fat in the RFA zone of HCAs is a common finding on MRI. • The distribution of fat is associated with hepatic steatosis and intra-tumoral fat. • In isolation, intra-ablational fat of treated HCAs does not indicate residual tumour.

Research advances in MRI features and diagnosis of hepatocellular adenomas / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumors of the liver, and according to the differences in molecular genetics and pathology, HCA is categorized as inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHCA), HCA with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha mutation (H-HCA), HCA with β-catenin mutation (β-HCA), and an undefined type. The incidence of these four types is 40%-50%, 30%-40%, 10%-15%, and 10%, respectively. In these four types of HCA, β-HCA has high risk of bleeding and malignant transformation, while H-HCA is not likely to show malignant transformation. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of these types of HCA is very important. This article introduces the radiological features of these types of HCA on conventional MRI and hepatocyte-targeted contrast-enhanced scan and compares these findings with other types of liver solid tumors such as focal nodular hyperplasia, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, liver cancer in non-cirrhotic patients, and fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver. It is pointed out that MRI and hepatocyte-targeted contrast agents play an important role in the diagnosis and differentiation of HCA.

MR imaging features for improved diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the non-cirrhotic liver: Multi-center evaluation.

PURPOSE: To determine MR-imaging features for the differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign hepatocellular tumors in the non-cirrhotic liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 107 consecutive patients without liver cirrhosis (46 male; 45 ± 14 years) who underwent liver resection due to suspicion of HCC were included in this multi-center study. The following imaging features were assessed: lesion diameter and demarcation, satellite-lesions, central-scar, capsule, fat-content, hemorrhage, vein-infiltration and signal-intensity (SI) on native T1-, T2- and dynamic-enhanced T1-weighted images (center versus periphery). In addition, contrast-media (CM) uptake in the liver specific phase was analyzed in a sub-group of 42 patients. RESULTS: Significant differences between HCC (n=55) and benign lesions (n=52) were shown for native T1-, T2- and dynamic-enhanced T1-SI, fat-content, and satellite-lesions (all, P<.05). Independent predictors for HCC were T1-hypointensity (odds-ratio, 4.81), T2-hypo-/hyperintensity (5.07), lack of central tumor-enhancement (3.36), and satellite-lesions (5.78; all P<0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of HCC was 91% and 75% respectively for two out-of four independent predictors, whereas specificity reached 98% for all four predictors. Sub-analysis, showed significant differences in liver specific CM uptake between HCC (n=18) and benign lesions (n=24; P<0.001) and revealed lack of liver specific CM uptake (odds-ratio, 2.7) as additional independent feature for diagnosis of HCC. CONCLUSION: Independent MRI features indicating HCC are T1-hypointensity, T2-hypo- or hyperintensity, lack of central tumor-enhancement, presence of satellite-lesions and lack of liver specific CM-uptake. These features may have the potential to improve the diagnosis of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver.

Adenomas hepatocelulares: hallazgos actuales en imágenes que permiten su caracterización y manejo / Hepatocellular Adenomas: Current Findings in Images Which Allow its Characterization and Management

Objetivos: El enfoque terapéutico de los adenomas ha cambiado en los últimos años, en especial por las posibilidades de caracterización por medio de las imágenes diagnósticas, principalmente la resonancia magnética (RM), que en la mayoría de los casos ha permitido una aproximación al tipo de adenoma. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura reciente con el fin de describir las características imagenológicas de los tipos de adenomas, en las diferentes técnicas de imágenes, con principal énfasis en los hallazgos imagenológicos en resonancia magnética, lo cual permite diferenciar entre los subtipos histológicos de adenomas y ayuda a orientar el manejo médico o quirúrgico. Resultados: En la literatura se describe la adenomatosis hepática como una entidad frecuente en mujeres, de características imagenológicas atípicas. Además, se mencionan las características de los hallazgos por RM y su correlación con los tipos de adenomas, variedad esteatósica, peliótica y mixta. Conclusión: De acuerdo con la clasificación basada en las características genéticas, histopatológicas e imagenológicas de los diferentes subtipos de AHC y según la sintomatología, se podría determinar la historia natural y definir el pronóstico y las opciones terapéuticas o de seguimiento imagenológico.

Objective: The therapeutic approach of adenomas has changed in recent years, especially because of the possibilities for characterization by means of diagnostic imaging methods, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, which allowed us, in most cases, to approach the type of adenoma. Methods: A review of the recent literature was conducted in order to describe the characteristic imaging features of the types of adenomas in the different imaging techniques, with an emphasis on MRI, which allows differentiation between histologic subtypes of adenomas. In addition, it also helps guide medical or surgical management. Results: In the literature, we described hepatic adenomatosis as an entity which is frequently found in women, with atypical imaging features. In addition, we mentioned the characteristics of MRI findings and their correlation with the types of adenomas, inflammatory, steatosic, ß-catenin mutated and mixed. Conclusion: According to the classification based on genetic, histopathological and imaging features of the different subtypes of AHC, we could determine the natural history, define prognosis and the therapeutic options or imaging follow-up.