Dysfunction of default mode network is associated with active suicidal ideation in youths and young adults with depression: Findings from the T-RAD study.

Deaths due to suicide are one of the leading causes of mortality among youths and young adults. Active suicidal ideation (SI) is considered one of the strongest risk factors for suicide. Here, we evaluated the neurocircuitry of SI in a sample of youths and young adults (aged 10-26 years) with current or past diagnosis of either major depression or bipolar disorder who were enrolled in Texas Resilience Against Depression Study (T-RAD), and had neuroimaging and SI (assessed with the 3-item Suicidal Thoughts factor of Concise Health Risk Tracking self-report scale) data available (n = 72, 53 females). Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) was computed amongst 121 cortical and subcortical regions of interest resulting in 7260 FC pairs. Mean (SD) age and SI levels of participants were 19.6 years (4.01) and 1.48 (2.36) respectively. In univariate analyses, 34 out of the 7260 FC pairs were correlated with SI (p < .005). Stronger connectivity of default mode network (DMN) with striatum was associated with higher SI. Conversely, higher SI was associated with weaker connectivity of limbic network with hippocampus, DMN, dorsal attention network, and executive control network. In multivariate analyses, these 34 FC pairs together had an average correlation of 0.54 after five-fold cross-validation. In conclusion, SI was associated with distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity among youths and young adults with regions in DMN and the ventral striatum as key nodes.

Ovarian endometrioma - a possible finding in adolescent girls and young women: a mini-review.

Young girls before menarche or menstruating adolescent women may experience long-term drug-resistant chronic pelvic pain, as well as other symptoms associated with pelvic mass. In such cases, it is of great importance to consider ovarian endometrioma in the differential diagnosis. In general, endometrioma is recognized as an ovarian cyst. However, in most cases, the pathology represents pseudocyst with a partial or complete endometrial-like lining with extraovarian adhesions and endometriotic implants which are likely to occur at the sites of ovarian adhesions and at the ceiling of the ovarian fossa. Ovarian endometriomas occur in 17-44% patients with endometriosis and account for 35% of all benign ovarian cysts. The time span from the onset of menarche to the time of endometrioma formation, which requires surgical intervention, has been evaluated to be a minimum of 4 years. The pathogenesis of early-life endometrioma may be different from other types of endometriosis. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in adolescents, who tend to wait too long before seeking professional help. The three specific aims of treatment in adolescents with endometriosis and endometriomas are control of symptoms, prevention of further progression of the disease as well as preservation of fertility. Increasing evidence demonstrates association between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian cancer. In the present mini-review, we draw the particular attention of clinicians to such a possibility, even if relatively infrequently reported.

Young Love: Romantic Concerns and Associated Mental Health Issues among Adolescent Help-Seekers.

Over 50% of young people have dated by age 15. While romantic relationship concerns are a major reason for adolescent help-seeking from counselling services, we have a limited understanding of what types of relationship issues are most strongly related to mental health issues and suicide risk. This paper used records of 4019 counselling sessions with adolescents (10-18 years) seeking help from a national youth counselling service for a romantic relationship concern to: (i) explore what types and stage (pre, during, post) of romantic concerns adolescents seek help for; (ii) how they are associated with mental health problems, self-harm and suicide risk; and (iii) whether these associations differ by age and gender. In line with developmental-contextual theory, results suggest that concerns about the initiation of relationships are common in early adolescence, while concerns about maintaining and repairing relationships increase with age. Relationship breakups were the most common concern for both male and female adolescents and for all age groups (early, mid, late adolescence). Data relating to a range of mental health issues were available for approximately half of the sample. Post-relationship concerns (including breakups) were also more likely than pre- or during-relationship concerns to be associated with concurrent mental health issues (36.8%), self-harm (22.6%) and suicide (9.9%). Results draw on a staged developmental theory of adolescent romantic relationships to provide a comprehensive assessment of relationship stressors, highlighting post-relationship as a particularly vulnerable time for all stages of adolescence. These findings contribute to the development of targeted intervention and support programs.

Prevalência de pré-hipertensão e de hipertensão arterial e sua associação com variáveis antropométricas e estado nutricional de pré-escolares / Prehypertension prevalence and blood pressure and its association withanthropometric variables and nutritional status of preschool children

Introdução: A hipertensão vem aumentando gradativamente tanto em adultos quanto em crianças e adolescentes em fase escolar. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da pré-hipertensão (PH) e da hipertensão arterial (HA), assim como avaliar suas associações com as variáveis antropométricas e de estado nutricional de crianças pré-escolares. Materiais e métodos: A amostra foi constituída por99 escolares de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 5,30,1anos. Para investigação do estado nutricional, foram avaliadas a massa corporal, a estatura e a circunferência do quadril (CQ). Por meio desses dados, foram calculados o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) foram obtidas de modo indireto, com o uso de esfigmomanômetro aneroide. Realizou-se o teste de Shapiro Wilk para verificação da normalidade dos dados. Após, foi realizada a estatística descritiva: média, desvio padrão e frequência percentual (%). O fator de correlação de Pearson (r) foi realizado para verificar as associações entre as variáveis. Recorreu-seao teste do χ2 para analisar a associação entre as frequências percentuais nos resultados obtidos. Resultados e discussão:Foi verificado que 18,19% dos avaliados apresentaram prevalência de HA, sendo 13,13% de PH e 5,06% de hipertensão. A PAS e PAD associaram-se significativamente (p=0,05) com massa corporal, IMC e IAC. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados demonstraram que a PH e a HA apresentam associações significativas com massa corporal, IMC e IAC.

Introduction: Hypertension is increasing both in adults and in children and adolescents in school age. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of prehypertension (PH) and hypertension (HA) and to evaluate their associations with the anthropometric variables and nutritional status of preschool children. Methods: The sample consisted of 99 students from both genders, with an average age of 5.30.1 years.To investigate the nutritional status, body mass, height and hip circumference (HC) were evaluated. Through these data, we calculated the body mass index (BMI) and body adiposity index (BAI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were obtained indirectly by aneroid blood pressure monitor. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. After this, descriptive statistics were conducted with: average, standard deviation and frequency percentage (%). The Pearson correlation factor (r) was used to verify associations between variables.It used the test χ2 to analyze the association between the percentage frequencies in the results. Results: It was found that 18.19% of the individuals had a prevalence of HA, being 13.13% of PH and 5.06% of hypertension.The SBP and DBP were significantly associated (p=0.05) with body mass, BMI and BAI. Conclusion: The results showed that the PH and HA have significant associations with body mass, BMI and BAI.

Telemedicine for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes is the third most common chronic disease in the pediatric population and diabetes management in adolescents presents a unique challenge for health care providers. The purpose of this article is to define telemedicine, review a variety of telemedicine intervention studies in the adolescent population, and interpret those results in the context of the current health care climate. Clinicians and researchers will be provided with education related to adolescent needs and telemedicine interventions so that telemedicine can be used effectively to promote the health of adolescents with diabetes. Because telemedicine has yet to demonstrate consistent and significant positive outcomes in this population, further research and continued development of technology are essential to improve diabetes control in adolescents and prevent the long-term complications of this disease.

Intervenciones para el control del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en el Perú / Interventions to control overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Peru

El sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes representa un serio problema de salud pública en el Perú, con elevados costos para la sociedad, esto hace necesaria la implementación de un conjunto de políticas públicas dirigidas hacia el control de dicho inconveniente. Así, se han propuesto intervenciones como la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos no saludables, su autorregulación, la implementación de quioscos saludables y el etiquetado nutricional. Desde el análisis de la problemática del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en el Perú, el presente artículo hace una revisión narrativa de dichas intervenciones.

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents represent a serious public health problem in Peru, with high costs for society that require the implementation of a set of public policies directed toward its control. Thus, interventions have been proposed as the regulation of advertising of unhealthy foods, self-regulation, the implementation of kiosks healthy and nutritional labeling. From the analysis of the problem of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Peru, this article is a narrative review of such interventions.

Síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes escolarizados de 10 a 17 años en Chía, Colombia / Symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents between 10 to 17 year-old attending schools in Chía, Colombia

Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia de síntomas ansiosos y depresivos en adolescentes escolarizados entre los 10-17 años, de la comunidad de Chía Cundinamarca, utilizando las escalas CDI y SCARED, durante los años 2008 a 2010. Metodología Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en 538 estudiantes. Se identificaron las variables socio demográficas: edad, sexo, seguridad social y centro educativo de procedencia (público, privado, oficial o urbano). Se aplicaron las escalas CDI y SCARED. Resultados Se detectaron síntomas ansiosos o depresivos en el 40,5 % de la población estudiada (538); de los cuales el 28,3 % presentó síntomas sugestivos de ansiedad exclusivamente, con síntomas depresivos exclusivamente en 3,3 % y síntomas tanto de ansiedad, como de depresión en 8,9 %. Los síntomas ansiosos fueron más frecuentes en las mujeres y los síntomas depresivos y mixtos se presentaron con más frecuencia en hombres. Se encontró mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos 6,9 % en hombres vs 5,4 % en mujeres, dato que no fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión Los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos son frecuentes en adolescentes, se hace indispensable sospecharlos y diagnosticarlos tempranamente, con el fin de poder brindar una atención oportuna. Se deben implementar estrategias que permitan detectar factores protectores y de riesgo para evitar que se desarrollen trastornos mayores, diseñando programas de educación encaminados hacia una buena salud mental de niños y adolescente.

Objective This study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety amongst 10 to 17 year-old adolescents still attending school using the CDI and SCARED questionnaires for early screening in Chía, a town near Bogota, from 2008 to 2010. Method This was a cross-sectional study of prevalence. Results 37 % of the 538 adolescents interviewed had anxiety symptoms, 12.3 % had depression symptoms and 9% presented anxiety and depression symptoms, males having greater prevalence for depression symptoms (6.9 % cf 5.4 % for females) but lacking statistical significance. There was a greater tendency for anxiety symptoms to be found in adolescents attending public schools. Concerning co morbidity, more anxiety symptoms were found in adolescents having depression symptoms. Conclusions It was concluded that anxiety and depression symptoms are real at this age, this being reason enough why it is necessary to suspect and detect them on time so that adolescents can receive suitable attention. Protective factors must be strengthened for this to happen and there must be real awareness by everybody to create educational and health programmes directed towards ensuring good mental health.

The surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients aged under 18 years / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study the treatment of adolescent hyperthyroidism. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of the adolescent hyperthyroidism treated by surgery was made in our hospital from January 1990 to December 1998. Results In this series, there was no death, with 3 cases transient postoperative hypocalcemia and 1 had throat spasm and physoia. All the 4 cases recovered after treatment. 78 cases(85.7%) were followed up for 0.5～9 years. Of them, all were in good condition except 2 being recurred. Conclusions Operative treatment for adolescent hyperthyroidism is a safe, quick and effictive method, but the operation indications should be good controlled.