Effect of aerobic exercise on the improvement of executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Aerobic exercise (AE) interventions are beginning to be used as an emerging adjunctive treatment modality in the treatment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, to date, there is no substantial evidence to support the improved effects of aerobic exercise intervention in children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. This study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise therapy on executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder aged 6-12 years. Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed and Web of Science. The cut-off date was June 1, 2023. The aim was to assess the impact of aerobic exercise interventions on children with ADHD and all randomized controlled trials eligible for aerobic exercise interventions for children with ADHD were included. Nine randomized controlled trials were screened for eligibility for systematic evaluation, and the nine studies were assessed for risk of bias using the PEDro score and the GRADE Quality of Evidence Evaluation System for quality grading of outcome indicators. After testing for heterogeneity, a random-effects model was selected for analysis. Finally, meta-analyses and regression analyses were performed on the core functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory) and subgroups of the nine studies on executive function using Revman 5.4 and Stata 16.0. Results: The risk of bias evaluation showed a mean PEDro score of 7.78, and of the nine studies, two were rated as having excellent methodological quality, while the remaining seven had a good level of evidence, and the GRADE evidence evaluation showed that the outcome indicators were all of moderate quality. Inhibitory control [SMD = 0.83,95% CI (0.37-1.29), Z = 3.51, p = 0.0005], cognitive flexibility [SMD = 0.65,95% CI (0.37-0.93), Z = 4.58, p < 0.00001], and working memory [SMD = 0.48,95% CI (0.02-0.95), Z = 2.03, p = 0.04] were statistically significant, with effect sizes of moderate or higher; furthermore, in subgroup analyses type of intervention, duration, intensity, and medication use had different effects on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and the combined IC, CF statistic found that a single category of aerobic exercise ( ß = 0.867, p < 0.001), moderate intensity ( ß = 0.928, p < 0.001), 6-12 weeks (ß = 0.804, p < 0.001), 60-90 min ( ß = 0.894, p < 0.001), and the use of medication ( ß = 1.202, p = 0.002) were better for overall improvement in EF. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise therapy significantly improved executive functioning in children with ADHD, showing above moderate effect sizes especially in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Aerobic exercise therapy can be used as a reference in improving executive function in children with ADHD, but given the limitations of this study, it should be used with caution when applied in clinical settings.

The interactive effect of seven weeks aerobic exercise training and piperine against paraquat-induced lung damage in male Wistar rats: Investigating role of oxidative and inflammatory indices.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of seven weeks of aerobic exercise training and piperine on paraquat-induced lung damage. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (230 g, six-eight weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): sham, paraquat (5 mg/kg three times a week; intraperitoneally), paraquat + piperine (10 mg/kg/day; orally), paraquat + aerobic exercise training, paraquat + piperine + aerobic exercise training; and paraquat + vitamin E (20 mg/kg/day; orally) as a positive control. Rats were sacrificed on day 50, and both lung tissues were isolated to measure oxidative (MDA), anti-oxidative (GSH), inflammatory (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) markers, and histological evaluations (hematoxylin-eosin staining). The results of the present study revealed that paraquat significantly decreased body weight, GSH, GSH/MDA ratio, IL-10, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio while increasing MDA, TNF-α, and histopathological damage in lung tissue (P < 0.01 to 0.001). In contrast, treatment with all four interventions meaningfully diminished oxidative, inflammatory markers, and histopathological damage while propagating body weight, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory markers following the paraquat-induced lung damage (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Interestingly, piperine and piperine + exercise training possessed stronger protective effects against paraquat-induced lung damage than exercise training alone (P < 0.01 to 0.001). Treatment with piperine, exercise training, piperine + exercise training, and vitamin E significantly ameliorated paraquat-induced lung damage. Interestingly, the piperine and piperine + exercise training had more protective effects than other groups. Therefore, piperine and the combination of piperine and exercise training may be valuable candidates for preventing lung injuries.

The Effect of Intradialytic Aerobic Exercise on Dialysis Parameters and Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients: A Non-randomized Interventional Study.

Introduction Hemodialysis is the standard treatment for end-stage renal disease. However, patients receiving hemodialysis can become less active as a result of treatment, resulting in the accumulation of waste products. Intradialytic exercise improves the clearance of urea and creatinine by opening up vascular beds. Materials and methods We conducted a non-randomized interventional study to evaluate the effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise on dialysis parameters and fatigue among 295 hemodialysis patients selected through consecutive sampling (control group, n=147; experimental group, n=148) from two tertiary care centers. Baseline data on background variables and pre-test dialysis parameters (e.g., blood urea, creatinine, potassium, and hemoglobin levels) were assessed in both groups. Following connection to the hemodialysis machine, participants in the experimental group engaged in 15 minutes of intradialytic aerobic exercise per two hours of dialysis for a total of eight weeks, besides receiving routine care, compared to those in the control group. Post-test dialysis parameters were assessed for both groups at the end of the eighth week. The collected data were analyzed and tabulated using SPSS (IRB Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Intradialytic exercise led to significant improvements in post-test blood urea, creatinine, and fatigue in the experimental group (p<0.001). However, post-test serum potassium and hemoglobin levels remained relatively unchanged. Conclusion This study demonstrates the benefits of intra-dialytic aerobic exercise as a safe complementary therapy for a large population of dialysis patients, leading to better patient outcomes.

Effects of Aerobic Training on Sex Hormones in A Cuprizone Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to severe physical disability and neurological defects. Sexual dysfunction and infertility in patients with MS have often been neglected in previous studies. Aerobic exercise is suggested to improve circulating testosterone levels and sexual function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on sex hormone levels in a cuprizone rat model of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 30 male rats (aged 70 days, 154.55 ± 18.1 g) were randomly divided into five groups: MS, exercise-MS (EX-MS), MS-EX, EX-MS-EX, and normal control (control). MS was induced by feeding cuprizone pellets (0.2%) to the rats for six weeks. The exercise groups performed an aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill five days/week for six weeks before and during the induction of the MS model. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinising hormone (LH) levels were measured using the ELISA method with standard kits (ZellBio Germany). Luxol fast blue staining (LFB) of the corpora collosa were performed. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH in the MS groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH in the EX-MS-EX, and EX-MS groups compared to the MS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise could improve the level of sex hormones in the cuprizone rat model of MS and may be used to attenuate sexual dysfunction in patients with MS.

EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN EXERCISE TRAINING LOAD ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCES AND NEUROTROPHIC BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of linear (LP) and non-linear (NLP) training periodization on resting cognitive functions, neurotrophic biomarkers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), and cathepsin-B in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Forty-four patients with CAD reported to our laboratory on two occasions to undergo testing procedures before and after training sessions, and were then blindly randomized to NLP or LP for 36 training sessions. Visit 1 included blood samples and a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing to get maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Visit 2 included cognitive functions assessment. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients completed the study (LP: n=20, NLP: n=19), with no observed changes in cognitive performances after the training intervention in either group. IGF-1 concentration decreased in both groups (time-effect: p<0.001), while BDNF concentration increased (time-effect: p<0.05) without interaction (p=0.17 and p=0.65, respectively), and cathepsin-B did not change after the intervention (p>0.05). Associations were found between ΔV̇O2peak and ΔBDNF (R2=0.18, p=0.04), and ΔIGF-1 and Δ short-term/working memory (R2=0.17, p=0.01) in the pooled sample, with Δ IGF-1 and ΔBDNF accounting for 10% of the variance in Δ short-term/working memory. In the LP group, associations were found between ΔV̇O2peak and ΔBDNF (R2=0.45, p=0.02), ΔBDNF and Δ short-term/working memory (R2=0.62, p=0.004), ΔIGF-1 and Δ short-term/working memory (R2=0.31, p=0.01), and Δ IGF-1 and Δ executive function (R2=0.22, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: This finding highlights the potential importance of monitoring and targeting BDNF and IGF-1 concentration as potential biomarkers for improving short-term and working memory in the population with CAD.

Cardiac autonomic modulation and exercise capacity in older adults with intellectual disability: A 6-month randomised control trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite reported physical and functional improvements with aerobic and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), it is not known if these interventions' effectivity would promote improvements in cardiac autonomic modulation. This study aimed to investigate if a 6-month SIT or a continuous aerobic programme could enhance physical performance and cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, during physical activity (PA) and after it in older adults with an ID. METHODS: This is a randomised control trial. Participants with ID (age: 50.58 ± 7.25) were allocated to one of three groups [multicomponent aerobic training group (MATG), multicomponent interval sprint training group (MISTG) and control group (CG)]. The programmes lasted 24 weeks, with three sessions/week, 75-90 min per session. The HRV was analysed at rest and recovery, the delta of heart rate (HR) was analysed during 6MWT, and the HR t-off kinetics was analysed in recovery after 6MWT. RESULTS: There were not found differences between groups, moments, or interaction for cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and recovery. During exercise, only MSITG showed a significant increase of HR between rest and the first 30 s of exercise (P < 0.05). Physical performance increased only in MSITG (P < 0.05), while CG showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The MSITG improved the physical performance and the vagal withdrawal at the beginning of the submaximal exercise. These findings suggest that high-intensity exercise may positively impact baroreflex function, mitigating the decline in autonomic reflex response capacity associated with aging in individuals with ID.

We like to move it - patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are impaired in estimating their physical fitness levels and benefit from individualized exercise.

BACKGROUND: People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) engage less in physical activity than healthy individuals. The impact of subjectively assessed physical fitness levels on motivation for sports engagement and its relation to objective fitness parameters in SSD is unclear. METHODS: 25 patients with SSD (P-SSD) and 24 healthy controls (H-CON) participated in a randomized controlled study. Individual anaerobic thresholds (AT) were determined by an incremental exercise test and on separate days, aerobic exercise (cycling at 80% of workload at AT) and non-exercise control (sitting on an ergometer without cycling) sessions were performed. Demographic, clinical and objective physical fitness data (i.e., weekly physical activity, workload at AT, heart rate) were collected. Subjective physical fitness parameters were assessed before and after exercise and control sessions. RESULTS: Weekly physical activity in P-SSD was lower than in H-CON (p < 0.05) attributed to reduced engagement in sport activities (p < 0.001). Workload and percentage of predicted maximal heart rate at AT were also reduced in P-SSD compared to H-CON (both p < 0.05). Although objective and subjective physical fitness parameters were related in H-CON (p < 0.01), this relationship was absent in P-SSD. However, during exercise sessions subjective physical fitness ratings increased to a stronger extent in P-SSD than H-CON (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The missing relationship between subjective and objective physical fitness parameters in people with SSD may represent a barrier for stronger engagement in physical activity. Accordingly, supervised exercise interventions with individually adjusted workload intensity may support realistic subjective fitness estimations and enhance motivation for sports activity in individuals with SSD.

Dynamic Response of Musclin, a Myokine, to Aerobic Exercise and Its Interplay with Natriuretic Peptides and Receptor C.

OBJECTIVES: Musclin, recently identified as a myokine, has been recognized for its physiological significance in potentiating the functional properties of natrieutic peptides (NPs) through competitive inhibition of their clearance receptor, natrieutic peptide receptor C (NPR-C). This study, for the first time in the literature, investigated the dynamic response of musclin during and after aerobic exercise in humans, exploring its potential as a myokine and its interaction with NPs and NPR-C in the context of exercise-induced metabolic responses. METHODS: Twenty-one inactive young males participated, and we assessed changes in serum levels of musclin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), epinephrine (Epi), and glycerol as an indicative of lipid mobilization, during and after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Furthermore, we evaluated the gene expression of NPR-C in subcutaneous fat biopsies. RESULTS: Serum musclin levels increased significantly during aerobic exercise, followed by a decline during recovery, remaining elevated compared to baseline. Significant correlations were found between musclin responses and lean body mass (LBM), indicating its regulation by skeletal muscle mass and exercise. Exercise-induced changes in musclin positively correlated with those of ANP, potentially preventing ANP degradation. Additionally, a potential interplay between NPR-C expression and musclin dynamics on ANP was suggested. However, musclin's influence on lipid mobilization was not predominant when considering other lipolytic factors during exercise. DISCUSSION: Musclin's classification as a myokine is supported by its response to aerobic exercise and its association with LBM. Additionally, its interactions with NPR-C and NPs suggest its physiological relevance and potential clinical implications.

Intervention control of aerobic exercise in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication in the treatment of maintenance hemodialysis patients, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and threatens their life safety. Prevention, treatment and improvement of pulmonary hypertension are of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients. AIM: To investigate the intervention and control of pedal-powered bicycle in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: 73 patients with maintenance hemadialysis combined with pulmonary arterial hypertension at a hemodialysis center in a certain hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 are selected. Patients are divided into two groups, 37 cases in the control group (group C) and 36 cases in the intervention group (group I). Patients are divided into two groups, group C is treated with oral administration of betaglandin sodium combined with routine nursing care. Based on group C, group I conducts power cycling exercises. RESULTS: After treatment, group I patients had higher muscle strength, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores, and Kidney Disease Targets Areas scores; The 6-minute walk distance test index level was higher and the Borg score was lower; The group I had lower systolic blood pressure, greater vital capacity, higher positive emotion, lower systolic pulmonary artery pressure index level, higher arterial partial oxygen pressure level, lower pulmonary vascular resistance index level, and higher blood oxygen saturation level [158.91 ± 11.89 vs 152.56 ± 12.81, 1795.01 ± 603.18 vs 1907.20 ± 574.15, 24.00 (22.00, 29.00) vs 24.00 (22.00, 28.00), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise combined with Western medicine treatment can effectively improve patients' pulmonary hypertension, alleviate their negative emotions, and enable them to achieve a higher level of quality of life.

The effect of physical exercise on cognitive function in schizophrenia patients: A GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise has demonstrated the potential to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although the results are limited. The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the existing evidence on the impact of physical exercise on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. The study included controlled clinical trials on patients with schizophrenia that received physical exercise as the intervention for improving cognition. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the outcomes were reported using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). RESULTS: A total of 22 articles, including 1066 patients (565 in the intervention group and 501 in the control group), were included in the final analysis. Physical exercises significantly improved global cognition (SMD: 0.73, 95 % CI (0.46-1.00), P < 0.001), and aerobic exercise was found to have a more significant effect than resistance and mindfulness exercise (SMD: 0.76, 95 % CI (0.45-1.07), P < 0.001). The speed of processing [SMD: 0.88, 95 % CI (0.37-1.38), P = 0.001], attention [SMD: 0.61, 95 % CI (0.20-1.02), P = 0.004], and visual learning memory [SMD: 1.42, 95 % CI (0.14-2.71), P = 0.03] demonstrated significant improvement after physical exercise, while no significant effects were observed on working memory, verbal learning memory, reasoning and problem-solving, and social cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can improve overall cognitive function in people with Schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this improvement is significant in specific cognitive domains.

Effectiveness of backward gait training on body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness, inflammation, and metabolic marker in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Walking is a fundamental physical activity with significant health implications. Backward gait training (BGT) has emerged as a novel approach with potential benefits, yet its effects in comparison to traditional forward gait training (FGT) remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of BGT on body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness, and inflammatory and metabolic markers in adults. A comprehensive search across electronic databases was conducted following the Preferred Publishing Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing BGT with FGT in adults were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The analysis included a total of 379 male participants across the studies. The meta-analysis demonstrated significant changes in body composition and inflammatory marker outcomes, which included waist-to-height ratio (standardized mean difference [SMD]-1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]-1.89-0.48, I2 = 83%, P < 0.01), body mass index (SMD-0.55, 95% CI-0.77-0.32, I2= 0%, P < 0.01), and C-reactive protein (SMD-0.98, 95% CI-1.28-0.70, I2= 0%, P < 0.01). In addition, the qualitative review revealed potential enhancements in cardiopulmonary fitness and metabolic markers following BGT. While the results suggest potential benefits of BGT on body composition and inflammatory markers, the evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Further robust research with diverse populations, longer intervention periods, and comprehensive outcome assessments is essential to elucidate the true impact of BGT and its utility for promoting overall health and well-being in adults.

Effects of Short-Term Nighttime Carbohydrate Restriction Method on Exercise Performance and Fat Metabolism.

BACKGROUND: The sleep-low method has been proposed as a way to sleep in a low-glycogen state, increase the duration of low glycogen availability and sleep and temporarily restrict carbohydrates to improve exercise performance. However, long-term dietary restriction may induce mental stress in athletes. Therefore, if it can be shown that the effects of the sleep-low method can be achieved by restricting the carbohydrate intake at night (the nighttime carbohydrate restriction method), innovative methods could be developed to reduce weight in individuals with obesity and enhance athletes' performance with reduced stress and in a shorter duration when compared with those of previous studies. With this background, we conducted a study with the purpose of examining the intervention effects of a short-term intensive nighttime carbohydrate restriction method. METHODS: A total of 22 participants were recruited among university students participating in sports club activities. The participants were assigned at random to groups, including a nighttime carbohydrate restriction group of 11 participants (6 males, 5 females; age 22.3 ± 1.23) who started a carbohydrate-restricted diet and a group of 11 participants (5 males, 6 females; age 21.9 ± 7.9) who continued with their usual diet. The present study had a two-group parallel design. In the first week, no dietary restrictions were imposed on either group, and the participants consumed their own habitual diets. In the second week, the total amount of calories and carbohydrate intake measured in the first week were divided by seven days, and the average values were calculated. These were used as the daily calorie and carbohydrate intakes in the second week. Only the nighttime carbohydrate restriction group was prohibited from consuming carbohydrates after 4:00 p.m. During the two-week study period, all participants ran for one hour each day before breakfast at a heart rate of 65% of their maximum heart rate. RESULTS: The results obtained from young adults participating in sports showed significant differences in peak oxygen consumption (V·O2peak), work rate max, respiratory quotient (RQ), body weight and lean body mass after the intervention when compared with before the intervention in the nighttime carbohydrate restriction group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the nighttime carbohydrate restriction method markedly improves fat metabolism even when performed for a short period. This method can be used to reduce body weight in individuals with obesity and enhance athletes' performance. However, it is important to consider the intake of nutrition other than carbohydrates.

Effects of Different Aerobic Exercises on Blood Lipid Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials.

With increasing age, dyslipidemia becomes a common health problem in the middle-aged and elderly population, posing a significant risk of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, is considered to be effective in improving blood lipid levels, but the extent to which different types of aerobic exercise affect blood lipids is not clear. This study aims to investigate the effects of 12 different aerobic exercises on total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and over through systematic review and Bayesian network Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We systematically searched relevant databases and included eligible randomized controlled trials. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to compare the effects of 12 types of aerobic exercise on lipid levels. A total of 487 randomized controlled trials involving middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that all types of aerobic exercise could reduce blood lipid levels compared with no intervention in middle-aged and elderly people. In terms of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, swimming had the most significant effect. For HDL cholesterol, dance showed a better effect. Studies have shown that swimming and dancing have a positive effect on improving blood lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly people. It is recommended to choose the appropriate type of exercise according to personal preference and physical condition.

Comparison of the efficacy of intradialytic core stabilization and aerobic exercises for hemodialysis patients: randomized controlled single-blind study.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate and compare the effects of intradialytic core stabilization and aerobic exercises on physical performance, fatigue, quality of life and dialysis adequacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 39 individuals on hemodialysis randomized into two groups: aerobic exercise (AE, n = 20) and core stabilization (CSE, n = 19). Over 8 weeks, the AE group performed pedal ergometer exercises, while the CSE group performed 4-phase core stabilization exercises. Physical performance (five times sit to stand test, 2-min step test), quality of life (Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36; KDQOL-36), fatigue levels (Piper Fatigue Scale), and dialysis adequacy (Kt/V and URR) were assessed. RESULTS: After training, a significant improvement was observed in the physical performance, fatigue levels, and some parameters of KDQOL-36 of the patients (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in dialysis adequacy indicators (Kt/V and URR) (p > 0.05). When the amount of development obtained in both treatment groups is compared, kidney disease burden only in the subparameter of KDQOL-36 was statistically significantly improved in the CSE group compared to the AE group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the study, intradialytic core stabilization exercises appear to have similar effects to aerobic exercises and can be performed by HD patients.

Core stabilization exercises and aerobic exercises performed during dialysis are well tolerated by hemodialysis patients.Over eight weeks, intradialytic core stabilization and aerobic exercises are effective in improving physical performance, fatigue level, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients.In hemodialysis patients, eight weeks of intradialytic core stabilization and aerobic exercises are not sufficient to improve dialysis adequacy.It is recommended to include intradialytic core stabilization and aerobic exercises in the rehabilitation of hemodialysis patients.

Enhancing brain health: Swimming-induced BDNF release and epigenetic influence in MS female mouse models.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), impacting sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Globally, around three million individuals are affected by MS, with up to 97,000 cases in Iran attributed to genetic predispositions along with various environmental factors like smoking. Cognitive impairment affects a significant portion of patients, ranging from 45% to 70%. This study investigates the impact of regular aerobic swimming exercise for four weeks, mild cognitive impairment induced by encephalomyelitis, and their combination on the expression of microRNA-142-3p and its correlation with the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to spatial memory. Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups. RT-PCR was used for microRNA expression analysis, and BDNF levels were assessed via western blotting. Clinical scores and animal weights were monitored daily. EAE induction led to an increase in microRNA-142-3p expression and a decrease in BDNF levels compared to the control group. Exercise inversed them significantly, and improved spatial memory. Our findings indicate that engaging in regular swimming exercise can counteract the up-regulation of miR-142-3p in brain tissue, which likely contributes to mild cognitive impairment induced by MS. Additionally, the increase in BDNF following exercise appears to be associated with miR-142-3p and the enhancement of cognitive function. Thus, the therapeutic benefits of exercise, particularly in releasing BDNF to improve cognitive function in MS patients, warrant consideration. Lifestyle modifications have the potential to effectively modulate environmental influences and ethnicity, underscoring their significance in MS management.

Effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise intervention on dialysis adequacy and quality of life in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) carries a significant financial burden due to the need for hemodialysis (HD). Many HD patients do not achieve optimal dialysis, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia where HD is performed twice a week. To answer this issue, a study was conducted at Dr. Sardjito hospital, Indonesia to investigate the effectiveness of intradialysis aerobic exercise in improving dialysis adequacy and quality of life in conventional HD patients. METHODS: This study is an experimental design with a pre-test-post-test control group. ESKD with HD patient was divided into treatment and control groups. The intervention group was subjected to 30 min of intradialysis aerobic exercise using an ergocycle within the first 2 h of the HD sessions, while the control group received regular care. Both groups were followed for 12 weeks. Dialysis adequacy is measured using Kt/V and Urea Reduction Ratio (URR). Quality of life is assessed using KDQOL-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in Kt/V and URR (%) in the intervention group compared to the control group, (0.122 ± 0.151 vs - 0.135 ± 0.176, p < 0.001) and (2.627 ± 4.634 vs - 2.620 ± 3.949, p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, quality of life also improved significantly with KDQOL-36 summary score was significantly higher 73.47 (39.44-89.31) to 80.97 (43.06-92.36); p = 0.007) in the intervention group. Multivariate analysis showed that intradialysis exercise (p = 0.001), female gender (p = 0.044), and intradialysis diastolic pressure (p = 0.018) can significantly affect Kt/V changes. CONCLUSION: Intradialytic aerobic exercise for 12 weeks effectively improves dialysis adequacy and quality of life in routine HD patients. This suggests an opportunity for routine deployment, especially when HD resources are limited. However, further studies are needed to investigate additional efficacy aspects and improve exercise protocols for specific ESKD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: TCTR202403270002 (retrospectively registered on March 27, 2024).

Effect of aerobic exercise on neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in burn patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercises in addition to standard treatment on parameters such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with burns. METHODS: A total of 31 hospitalized patients included in the study were divided into two groups using covariate adaptive randomization method according to burn percentage and burn type (1st:standard treatment, 2nd: standard treatment + aerobic training). NLR, PLR, and LMR were evaluated for 5 weeks in all groups. Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to examine differences between the two groups. For comparing more than two groups, Friedman's test was used for non-normally distributed variables and Bonferroni test was used as the post hoc pairwise comparison method. RESULTS: Intragroup comparison of individuals in group 1 showed that the NLR values on days 7 and 14 were significantly higher than those on days 28 and 35 (p < 0.05). Intragroup comparison of individuals in group 2 showed that the NLR values on days 1, 7, and 14 were significantly higher than those on days 21 and 35. Additionally, the NLR values on day 14 were higher than those on day 28. Individuals in group 1 showed a significant increase in PLR values each week (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of aerobic training to standard treatment in patients with burns may be more effective in improving inflammation markers such as NLR, PLR, and LMR.

Effects of aerobic exercise on neurocognitive function in postmenopausal women receiving endocrine therapy for breast cancer: The Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The Exercise Program in Cancer and Cognition (EPICC) Study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to determine whether six months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves neurocognitive function in women with breast cancer (BC) receiving endocrine therapy (ET). Methods: Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor+, early-stage BC, within two years post-primary therapy were randomized to the exercise intervention (six months, ≥150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise/week) or usual care control condition. Outcomes were assessed at pre-randomization and after intervention completion. Groups were compared using linear mixed-effects modeling. Results: Participants (N=153) were X ¯ = 62.09 ± 8.27 years old, with stage I BC (64.1%) and a median of 4.7 months post-diagnosis. We found a group-by-time interaction (p=0.041) and a trend for the main effect of time (p=0.11) for processing speed with improved performance in the exercise group and no change in the controls. Similar main effects of time were observed for learning and memory (p=0.024) and working memory (p=0.01). Better intervention adherence was associated with improved processing speed (p=0.017). Conclusions: Six months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise improves processing speed in postmenopausal women with BC receiving ET who initiate exercise within two years of completing primary therapy (surgery +/- chemotherapy). This is the first large-scale study to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on neurocognitive function in women with BC. Additional research is needed to address the long-term effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function.