ABSTRACT
A infância e a adolescência são permeadas por mudanças que podem favorecer ou prejudicar o pleno desenvolvimento. Atualmente o foco de atenção da Psicologia Positiva se atém aos aspectos que contribuem beneficamente para a saúde física e mental e previnem riscos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar os efeitos da visão positiva de si sobre a afetividade negativa, bem como entender sua relação com sexo e local de moradia. A amostra foi composta por 1.433 crianças/adolescentes, com idade média de 13,34 anos (SD = 2,74), maioria meninas (55,27%). Os resultados permitiram identificar que autoconceito, autoeficácia e autoestima tiveram um efeito preditivo e estavam relacionados negativamente com depressão, desamparo, desesperança e solidão; e que meninas e crianças residentes na zona rural apresentaram uma visão mais negativa de si
Childhood and adolescence are permeated by changes that can favor or hinder full development. Psychology's focus of positive attention is currently directed towards aspects that contribute to physical and mental health and prevent risks. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of a positive view of oneself on negative affectivity, as well as to understand its relationship with sex and place of residence. The sample consisted of 1433 children/adolescents, with a mean age of 13.34 years (SD = 2.74), mostly girls (55,27%). The results allowed us to identify that self-concept, self-efficacy and self-esteem had a predictive effect and were negatively related to depression, helplessness, hopelessness and loneliness; and that girls and children living in rural areas had a more negative view of themselves
La infancia y adolescencia están impregnadas de cambios que pueden favorecer o dificultar el pleno desarrollo. El foco de atención positiva en psicología se dirige hacia aspectos que contribuyen a la salud física y mental y previenen riesgos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue probar los efectos de una visión positiva de uno mismo sobre la afectividad negativa, así como comprender su relación con el sexo y lugar de residencia. La muestra fue de1433 niños/adolescentes, con una edad media de 13,34 años (DE = 2,74), mayoría niñas (55,27%). Los resultados mostraron que autoconcepto, autoeficacia y autoestima tenían un efecto predictivo y se relacionaban negativamente con depresión, desamparo, desesperanza y soledad, y que los niños/adolescentes que vivían en zonas rurales tenían una visión más negativa de ellos mismos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Mental Health , Psychology, Positive , AdolescentABSTRACT
Resumen El Neuroticismo (N), a pesar de ser un rasgo de personalidad normal, se vincula con el padecimiento de diversas psicopatologias. Se estudió la continuidad entre el N y su variante desadaptativa, la Afectividad Negativa (AN), aplicando un modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a dos escalas que miden estos constructos. Participaron 619 personas de población general (64.3 % mujeres), quienes respondieron un protocolo que incluyó 20 ítems de N del International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) y 23 ítems de AN del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Inicialmenete se realizó una depuración progresiva de los ítems de N y AN a partir de criterios psicométricos del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Luego se calibraron conjuntamente los 22 ítems retenidos aunque se eliminaron 6 ítems por mostrar dependencia local y problemas de ajuste. Se aportaron evidencias de la continuidad postulada entre N y AN. Sin embargo, se encontró un marcado solapamiento en la localización de los ítems procedentes de ambas escalas en el continuo del rasgo que conforman N y AN.
Abstract Neuroticism (N), despite being a normal personality trait, is linked to various psychopathologies. The continuity between N and its maladaptive variant, Negative Affectivity (NA), was studied by applying a model of the Item Response Theory (IRT) to two scales that measure these constructs. A total of 619 participants from the general population (64.3% women) answered a protocol that included 20 items of N from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) and 23 items of NA from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). First, progressive refinement of the N and NA items was carried out based on psychometric criteria from the Graded Response Model. Then, the 22 items retained were calibrated together, although 6 items were eliminated for showing local dependence and adjustment problems. Evidence of the postulated continuity between N and NA was provided. However, a marked overlap was found in the location of the items from both scales in the trait continuum formed by N and AN.
ABSTRACT
Prior studies evaluating associations between parental affect and parenting behavior have typically focused on either mothers or fathers despite evidence suggesting that affect and parenting behavior may be interdependent among couples. This study addressed this gap in the literature by evaluating associations between self-reported affect and parenting behavior using an actor-partner interdependence analysis among a sample of 53 mother-father dyads of 3- to 5-year-old children. Results suggested that mothers' and fathers' negative affect, as well as mothers' and fathers' positive affect, were positively associated. Both mothers' and fathers' negative affect were negatively associated with fathers' positive affect. Mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting behavior, and supportive/engaged parenting behavior, were positively associated. Furthermore, mothers' negative affect was positively associated with mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting behavior while mothers' positive affect was negatively associated with mothers' harsh/negative behavior and positively associated with mothers' supportive/engaged behavior. Fathers' negative affect was positively associated with fathers' supportive/engaged parenting behavior, while fathers' positive affect was positively associated with mothers' and fathers' supportive/engaged behavior. Results highlight the importance of conceptualizing and measuring characteristics of both mothers and fathers, if applicable, when researching the dynamics of interpersonal relationships within families.
