ABSTRACT
Cuando los individuos envejecen se vuelven más vulnerables a pasar por hechos que afectan su calidad de vida, estos sucesos pueden corresponder a aspectos sociales, ambientales, psicológicos y/o físicos; en este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de las TIC en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en los adultos mayores del centro materno infantil de Comas, Perú. La investigación es de tipo básica de nivel explicativo. El método es hipotético deductivo y el diseño fue no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 256 adultos mayores y la muestra fue no probabilística de 100 individuos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test WHOQOL-OLD diseñado por la OMS y el test de actitudes hacia las TIC. La aplicación de los instrumentos fue individual y tuvo una duración aproximada de 40 minutos. La validez fue dada por juicio de expertos, la confiabilidad se comprobó mediante el estadístico alfa de Cronbach obteniendo un valor de 0.935 Según los resultados se explica la incidencia de la variable actitud hacia las TIC en la variable dependiente, calidad de vida de los adultos mayores, ya que el chi cuadrado tiene un valor de 17.310 y p valor de significancia de 0.003, por lo que se concluye que las TIC tienen influencia en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de los adultos mayores de un centro de salud en Comas, Perú.
When individuals grow older they become more vulnerable to events that affect their quality of life, these events may correspond to social, environmental, psychological and/or physical aspects; in this context, the present study aimed to determine the influence of ICTs on health-related quality of life in older adults in the maternal and child center of Comas, Peru. The research is of a basic type of explanatory level. The method was hypothetical-deductive and the design was non-experimental. The population consisted of 256 older adults and the sample was a non-probabilistic sample of 100 individuals. The instruments used were the WHOQOL-OLD test designed by the WHO and the ICT attitudes test. The application of the instruments was individual and lasted approximately 40 minutes. According to the results, the incidence of the variable attitude towards ICT on the dependent variable, quality of life of older adults, is explained by the chi-square value of 17.310 and p significance value of 0.003, so it is concluded that ICT have an influence on the health-related quality of life of older adults in a health center in Comas, Peru.
Conforme os indivíduos envelhecem, tornam-se mais vulneráveis a eventos que afetam sua qualidade de vida, estes eventos podem corresponder a aspectos sociais, ambientais, psicológicos e/ou físicos; neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência das TICs na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adultos idosos no centro materno-infantil de Comas, no Peru. A pesquisa é uma pesquisa básica a nível explicativo. O método era hipotético-dedutivo e o projeto era não experimental. A população consistia de 256 adultos mais velhos e a amostra era uma amostra não-probabilística de 100 indivíduos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o teste WHOQOL-OLD projetado pela OMS e o teste de atitudes em relação às TIC. A aplicação dos instrumentos foi individual e durou aproximadamente 40 minutos. De acordo com os resultados, a incidência da atitude variável em relação às TIC sobre a variável dependente, qualidade de vida dos adultos idosos, é explicada pelo valor qui-quadrado de 17.310 e o valor p significativo de 0.003. Portanto, conclui-se que as TIC têm uma influência na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos adultos idosos em um centro de saúde em Comas, Peru.
Subject(s)
Information Technology , Health CentersABSTRACT
Problem-solving ability is an essential part of daily life. Thus, curiosity and a thirst for knowledge should be cultivated in students to help them develop problem solving and independent thinking skills. Along with positive attitudes and an active disposition, these abilities are needed to solve problems throughout the lifespan and develop -confidence. To achieve educational objectives in the context of globalization, creative ability is necessary for generating competitive advantages. Therefore, creative thinking, critical thinking, and problem-solving ability are important basic competencies needed for future world citizens. Creativity should also be integrated into subject teaching to cultivate students' lifelong learning and a creative attitude toward life. A questionnaire was distributed to 420 students in colleges and universities in Fujian, China. After removing invalid and incomplete responses, 363 copies were found to be valid yielding a response rate of 86%. Findings indicate that the new generation requires high levels of support to develop creativity and integrate diverse subjects such as nature, humanities, and technology. A rich imagination is needed to root creativity in the new generation.
ABSTRACT
Las actitudes reflejan los antecedentes y las experiencias de una persona, se adoptan en razoÌn de un conjunto de fuerzas como la personalidad, valores y creencias de cada uno. La enfermedad de ceÌlulas falciformes es una patologiÌa geneÌtica, croÌnica que constituye la forma maÌs frecuente y mejor conocida de hemoglobinopatiÌa estructural. El objetivo, fue determinar las actitudes (en sus componentes cognitivo y afectivo) que presentan los pobladores de Masca y Pueblo Nuevo, en Omoa, CorteÌs hacia la anemia drepanociÌtica. Se realizoÌ un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transeccional y alcance descriptivo. PoblacioÌn: 274 personas alfabetos, de 15 anÌos o maÌs, muestreo probabiliÌstico: 148 personas, voluntarias anuentes a participar en la investigacioÌn. Se elaboroÌ un instrumento tipo escala de Likert constituido por 20 iÌtems que midieron las actitudes hacia la anemia drepanociÌtica. El anaÌlisis estadiÌstico se realizoÌ con el programa Microsoft Excel. Los resultados ante el componente cognitivo indicaron que 65 personas, (44 %) consideraron tener conocimientos sobre la temaÌtica y reconocieron que es necesario se informe sobre la enfermedad. 19 personas (13 %) estaban inseguras de emitir una respuesta; 78 (53 %) manifestaron que, a pesar de tener alguÌn tipo de conocimientos en torno a la enfermedad, requieren maÌs informacioÌn. En cuanto al componente afectivo, 58 (39 %) manifestaron experimentar temor ante la idea de enfrentarse a este tipo de enfermedad; 30 (20 %) se mostraron inseguras o indiferentes de emitir una respuesta y 61 (41 %) manifestaron que no sabriÌan que hacer o coÌmo actuar ante la idea de que ellos o alguien de su familia padezcan de la enfermedad. Se concluyoÌ que existe la necesidad de informar a la poblacioÌn, sobre anemia drepanociÌtica para saber coÌmo enfrentarla, tanto a nivel individual como colectivamente.
Attitudes reflect the antecedents and experiences of a person, they are adopted due to a set of forces such as the personality, values and beliefs of each one. Sickle cell disease is a chronic, genetic pathology that is the most common and best known form of structural hemoglobinopathy. The objective was to determine the attitudes (in its cognitive and affective components) that the inhabitants of Masca and Pueblo Nuevo, in Omoa, CorteÌs have towards sickle cell anemia. A quantitative, non- experimental, transectional study with a descriptive scope was carried out. Population: 274 literate people, aged 15 or over, probability sampling: 148 people, volunteers willing to participate in the research. A Likert scale instrument was developed consisting of 20 items that measured attitudes towards sickle cell anemia. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Microsoft Excel program. The results regarding the cognitive component indicated that 65 people (44%) considered they had knowledge about the subject and recognized that it is necessary to inform themselves about the disease. 19 people (13%) were unsure about giving an answer; 78 (53%) stated that, despite having some kind of knowledge about the disease, they require more information. Regarding the affective component, 58 (39%) expressed fear at the idea of facing this type of illness; 30 (20%) were unsure or indifferent to issue a response and 61 (41%) stated that they would not know what to do or how to act when faced with the idea that they or someone in their family had the disease. It was concluded that there is a need to inform the population about sickle cell anemia in order to know how to deal with it, both individually and collectively.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Attitude to Health , Anemia, Sickle Cell/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self ReportABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To identify facilitators and barriers that residents, medical and nursing students perceive in their Interprofessional Education (IPE) in a clinical setting with other healthcare students. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out to identify the perceptions of medical students, residents and nursing students regarding IPE in a clinical setting. PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC and PsycInfo were searched, using keywords and MeSH terms from each database's inception published prior to June 2014. Interprofessional education involving nursing and medical students and/or residents in IPE were selected by the first author. Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion or exclusion and extracted the data. RESULTS: Sixty-five eligible papers (27 quantitative, 16 qualitative and 22 mixed methods) were identified and synthesized using narrative synthesis. Perceptions and attitudes of residents and students could be categorized into 'Readiness for IPE', 'Barriers to IPE' and 'Facilitators of IPE'. Within each category they work at three levels: individual, process/curricular and cultural/organizational. Readiness for IPE at individual level is higher in females, irrespective of prior healthcare experience. At process level readiness for IPE fluctuates during medical school, at cultural level collaboration is jeopardized when groups interact poorly. Examples of IPE-barriers are at individual level feeling intimidated by doctors, at process level lack of formal assessment and at cultural level exclusion of medical students from interaction by nurses. Examples of IPE-facilitators are at individual level affective crises and patient care crises situations that create feelings of urgency, at process level small group learning activities in an authentic context and at cultural level getting acquainted informally. These results are related to a model for learning and teaching, to illustrate the implications for the design of IPE. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the uncovered barriers are at the cultural level and most of the facilitators are at the process level. Factors at the individual level need more research.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Education, Medical , Education, Nursing , Interdisciplinary Communication , Internship and Residency , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Pain is a complex experience involving sensory and affective components. Although the neuronal mechanisms underlying the sensory component of pain have been extensively studied, those underlying its affective component have yet to be elucidated. Recently, we reported that corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced depolarization in type II neurons within the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBNST) is critical for pain-induced aversive responses in rats. However, the intracellular signaling underlying the excitatory effects of CRF and the contribution of such signaling to the induction of pain-induced aversion remain unclear. In the present study, we addressed these issues by conducting whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in rat brain slices and by undertaking behavioral pharmacological analyses. Intracellular perfusion of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) or KT5720 suppressed the excitatory effects of CRF in type II dlBNST neurons, and bath application of Rp-cAMPS also suppressed it. In addition, bath application of forskolin, an adenylate cyclase (AC) activator, mimicked the effects of CRF, and pretreatment with forskolin diminished the excitatory effects of CRF. Furthermore, a conditioned place aversion (CPA) test showed that co-administration of Rp-cAMPS with CRF into the dlBNST suppressed CRF-induced CPA. Intra-dlBNST injection of Rp-cAMPS also suppressed pain-induced CPA. These results suggest that CRF increases excitability of type II dlBNST neurons through activation of the AC-cAMP-PKA pathway, thereby causing pain-induced aversive responses. The present findings shed light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the negative affective component of pain and may provide therapeutic targets for treating intractable pain accompanied by psychological factors.
Subject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Pain/metabolism , Septal Nuclei/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Animals , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Colforsin/pharmacology , Conditioning, Classical , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Male , Pain/etiology , Pain/physiopathology , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Septal Nuclei/drug effects , Septal Nuclei/physiologyABSTRACT
Previous findings suggest that neuropathic pain induces characteristic changes in the noradrenergic system that may modify the sensorial and affective dimensions of pain. We raise the hypothesis that different drugs that manipulate the noradrenergic system can modify specific domains of pain. In the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain, the sensorial (von Frey and acetone tests) and the affective (place escape/avoidance paradigm) domains of pain were evaluated in rats 1 and 2weeks after administering the noradrenergic neurotoxin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride] (DSP4, 50mg/kg). In other animals, we evaluated the effect of enhancing noradrenergic tone in the 2weeks after injury by administering the antidepressant desipramine (10mg/kg/day, delivered by osmotic minipumps) during this period, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal regulated kinases (p-ERK) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was also assessed. The ACC receives direct inputs from the main noradrenergic nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and ERK activation has been related with the expression of pain-related negative affect. These studies revealed that DSP4 almost depleted noradrenergic axons in the ACC and halved noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus along with a decrease in the affective dimension and an increased of p-ERK in the ACC. However, it did not modify sensorial pain perception. By contrast, desipramine reduced pain hypersensitivity, while completely impeding the reduction of the affective pain dimension and without modifying the amount of p-ERK. Together results suggest that the noradrenergic system may regulate the sensorial and affective sphere of neuropathic pain independently.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology , Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Benzylamines/pharmacology , Desipramine/pharmacology , Neuralgia/drug therapy , Analgesics/pharmacology , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Avoidance Learning/physiology , Axons/drug effects , Axons/metabolism , Axons/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Escape Reaction/drug effects , Escape Reaction/physiology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects , Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism , Gyrus Cinguli/pathology , Male , Neuralgia/pathology , Neuralgia/physiopathology , Neuralgia/psychology , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Pain Threshold/physiology , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Emerging evidence has shown that social pain--the painful feelings that follow from social rejection, exclusion, or loss--relies on some of the same neural regions that process physical pain, highlighting a possible physical-social pain overlap. However, the hypothesis that physical pain and social pain rely on shared neural systems has been contested. This review begins by summarizing research supporting the physical-social pain overlap. Next, three criticisms of this overlap model are presented and addressed by synthesizing available research. These criticisms include the suggestions that (a) neural responses to social pain are indicative of conflict detection processes, rather than distress; (b) all negative affective processes, rather than social pain specifically, activate these pain-related neural regions; and (c) neural responses to social (and physical) pain reflect the processing of salience, rather than hurt. Implications of these findings for understanding social and physical pain are discussed, and key next steps are suggested.
