ABSTRACT
Introducción: la evidencia de vida real muestra deficiencias en alcanzar los objetivos de control del asma, con elevado consumo de agonistas beta-2 de acción corta (SA-BA) y sobreuso de corticoides sistémicos (CS). Métodos: estudio observacional, des-criptivo, aplicando la herramienta ReferID con 4 preguntas para identificar pacientes con asma no controlada y/o en riesgo de crisis severas: en los últimos 12 meses [1] ¿Re-cibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usó como mantenimiento?; [2] ¿Tuvo ≥2 visitas a emergen-cias por asma?; [3] ¿Estuvo intubado o en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por as-ma?; [4] ¿Cuántos inhaladores de SABA ha utilizado? Una respuesta afirmativa a las preguntas 1, 2 o 3, o usar ≥3 envases de SABA, sugieren riesgo de ataque grave, nece-sidad de CS y/o riesgo vital. En estos pacientes se recomienda evaluación por especia-listas. Resultados: participaron 441 pacientes de 7 instituciones del Área Metropolita-na de Buenos Aires. Al 60,1% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95]:55,5%-64,7%) se le recomendó evaluación por especialista. El 33,8% (IC95:29,39%-38,21%) recibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usaba como mantenimiento. El 36,1% (IC95:31,62%-40,58%) asis-tió ≥2 veces a emergencias. El 41,5% (IC95:30,06%-38,94%) usó ≥3 envases de SABA. El 8,8% (IC95:6,16%-11,44%) tenía historia de intubación o UCI. El 37,2% se atendió en instituciones públicas, con indicadores de gravedad significativamente mayores que en las privadas. Conclusiones: ReferID es una herramienta simple que ayuda a identificar a pacientes en riesgo de crisis severa y/o que pudieran tener diagnóstico de asma gra-ve; y que se beneficiarían de una evaluación por un especialista. AU
Introduction: real-life evidence shows deficiencies in achieving asthma control goals, with high use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and overuse of systemic cortico-steroids (SC). Methods: observational, descriptive study, applying the ReferID tool with 4 questions to identify patients with uncontrolled asthma and/or at risk of severe crisis: in the last 12 months [1] Have you received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as main-tenance therapy?; [2] Have you had ≥2 emergency visits for asthma?; [3] Have you ever been intubated or admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for asthma?; [4] How many SABA inhalers have you used? An affirmative answer to questions 1, 2 or 3, or using ≥3 canisters of SABA, suggests risk of severe attack, need for CS and/or life-threatening risk. In these patients, evaluation by specialists is recommended. Results: 441 patients from 7 institutions in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were enrolled. An evalu-ation by specialists was recommended for 60.1% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 55.5%-64.7%); 33.8% (95%CI:29.39%-38.21%) received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as maintenance; 36.1% (95%CI:31.62%-40.58%) attended ≥2 times to the emer-gency department; 41.5% (95%CI:30.06%-38.94%) used ≥3 containers of SABA; 8.8% (95%CI:6.16%-11.44%) had a history of intubation or ICU admission; 37.2% were as-sisted in public institutions, with significantly higher severity indicators than in private ones. Conclusions: Refer ID is a simple, useful tool to quickly identify asthma patients who are at risk of severe exacerbations and/or may have a diagnosis of severe asthma and would benefit from evaluation by a specialist. AU
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Asthma/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Argentina , Referral and Consultation , Patient Outcome AssessmentABSTRACT
La pancreatitis es una de las consecuencias principales del envenenamiento escorpiónico producido por el género Tityus. El manejo farmacológico mediante el uso de agonistas y antagonistas α adrenérgicos en modelos experimentales in vivo e in vitro, permiten establecer una aproximación del papel del Sistema Nervioso Simpático (SNS) en el desarrollo de la pancreatitis. Objetivo: determinar el papel del SNS en el desarrollo de la pancreatitis aguda inducida por el veneno de escorpión Tityus zulianus (TzV), por medio del uso de simpaticolíticos como la clonidina y el prazosin. Métodos: La Extravasación de Proteínas Plasmáticas (EPP) en el páncreas se evaluó mediante el método de Azul de Evans (AE), modificado de Saria y Lundberg (1983) a 620 nm; n=3 ratones NIH en cada grupo experimental. Las comparaciones se hicieron por ANOVA de una vía y las pruebas post HOC por Tukey-Kramer. Resultados: Ambos fármacos (1mg/Kg), disminuyeron significativamente p< 0,01 (**) la EPP en el páncreas inducida por el TzV, en comparación con los animales inoculados solo con TzV. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los animales del grupo control y los grupos tratados con los fármacos más el TzV. Conclusiones: El efecto pancreatotóxico del TzV en ratones podría tener un componente autonómico dado que drogas simpaticolíticas al disminuir la actividad noradrenérgica reducen la magnitud del edema. Esto sugiere que ambos fármacos pueden usarse como estrategia terapéutica en estos casos(AU)
Pancreatitis is one of the main consequences of scorpionic poisoning produced by the genus Tityus. The pharmacological management through the use of agonists and α adrenergic antagonists in experimental models in vivo and in vitro, allow us to establish an approximation of the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) in the development of pancreatitis. Objective: to determine the role of SNS in the development of acute pancreatitis induced by the scorpion venom Tityus zulianus (TzV), through the use of sympatholytics such as clonidine and prazosin. Methods: Plasma Protein Extravasation (PPE) in the pancreas was evaluated by the method of Evans Blue (EA), modified by Saria and Lundberg (1983) at 620 nm; n = 3 NIH mice in each experimental group. Comparisons were made by one-way ANOVA and post-HOC tests by Tukey-Kramer. Results: Both drugs (1mg / Kg) significantly decreased p <0.01 (**) the EPP in the pancreas induced by TzV, compared to animals inoculated only with TzV. There were no significant differences between the animals in the control group and the groups treated with drugs plus TzV. Conclusions: The pancreatotoxic effect of TzV in mice could have an autonomic component since sympatholytic drugs by decreasing noradrenergic activity reduce the magnitude of edema. This suggests that both drugs can be used as a therapeutic strategy in these cases(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Pancreatitis/etiology , Scorpion Venoms , Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Pharmacology, Clinical , Prazosin/therapeutic use , Clonidine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
ABSTRACT This study reports a case of a 13-year-old male with a 3-year history of severe and intermittent hypokalemia episodes of unknown origin, requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for long QT syndrome (LQTS), finally diagnosed of redistributive hypokalemia secondary to the abuse of β-adrenergic agonists in the context of a probable factitious disorder.
RESUMO O presente estudo relata o caso de um jovem de 13 anos de idade com histórico, há três anos, de episódios de hipocalemia grave intermitente de origem desconhecida, internado em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) por síndrome do QT longo (SQTL). O paciente foi diagnosticado com hipocalemia por redistribuição secundária ao abuso de agonistas β-adrenérgicos, em contexto de provável transtorno factício.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/adverse effects , Factitious Disorders/diagnosis , Hypokalemia/chemically induced , Potassium/blood , Potassium/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Long QT Syndrome/psychology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/blood , Albuterol/blood , Drug Overdose/complications , Hypokalemia/psychology , Hypokalemia/bloodABSTRACT
Objetivo: Comparar a dupla terapia broncodilatadora com glicopirrônio mais indacaterol à monoterapia com glicopirrônio em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Métodos: Estudo clínico prospectivo, unicêntrico, controlado, cruzado, randomizado e duplo-cego realizado com 14 pacientes com diagnóstico de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica grau II. Os participantes receberam cada um dos tratamentos durante 30 dias. Antes de cada terapia, realizou-se período de wash-out por 7 dias, com broncodilador de curta ação. Antes e após cada intervenção, os pacientes passaram por exame de espirometria e responderam ao questionário COPD Assessment Test. Resultados: Observou-se melhora na função pulmonar medida por meio do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo de 19mL (±36) para a monoterapia e 87mL (±33) para a terapia dupla. O ganho foi de 67mL (p=0,042) da associação dos medicamentos em relação ao glicopirrônio isolado. A melhora na qualidade de vida, medida a partir das pontuações do questionário, foi de 4,7 (±8,9) pontos para a monoterapia e 5,2 (±11) pontos para a dupla terapia (p=0,08). Conclusão: Ambos os tratamentos demonstram melhora na função pulmonar dos pacientes.
Objective: To compare dual bronchodilator therapy (Glycopyrronium with Indacaterol) versus Glycopyrronium monotherapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: This was a prospective, unicentric, controlled, crossover, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial with 14 patients diagnosed with grade II chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The participants received each treatment during the period of 30 days. Before each therapy, a 7-day wash-out period with a short-acting bronchodilator was instituted. Before and after each intervention, the patients underwent spirometry and answered the COPD Assessment Test questionnaire. Results: An improvement in pulmonary function measured by forced expiratory volume during the first second of 19mL (±36) for monotherapy, and 87mL (±33) for dual therapy was observed. The gain was of 67mL (p=0.042) in the association of the drugs in relation to Glycopyrronium alone. The mean improvement in quality of life measured from the questionnaire scores was 4.7 (±8.9) points for monotherapy and 5.2 (± 11) points for dual therapy (p=0.08). Conclusion: Both treatments show improvement in the patients' pulmonary function.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Quinolones , Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Glycopyrrolate/analogs & derivatives , Glycopyrrolate/therapeutic use , Indans , Quality of Life , Spirometry , Vital Capacity , Forced Expiratory Volume , Medical Records , Double-Blind Method , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Over Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Drug Combinations , Ex-SmokersABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar y comparar el efecto de fármacos agonistas adrenérgicos y colinérgicos sobre la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) en neutrófilos de individuos sanos. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre total de cinco participantes para purificar los neutrófilos mediante el método de gelatina. Se midió la producción de ROS por quimioluminiscencia (QLM) usando un contador de centelleo y forbol-12-miristato-13-acetato (PMA) como estímulo. También se realizaron pruebas sin PMA para medir la producción espontánea. Posteriormente, con el mismo método se midió la formación de ROS en presencia de nicotina (agonista colinérgico), salbutamol y clonidina (agonistas adrenérgicos), cada uno en concentraciones de 10-2 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M y 10-5 M. Se calculó el área integrada bajo las curvas de QLM y se halló el porcentaje de inhibición o de estimulación según sea el caso. Se comparó el efecto provocado por las drogas con sus controles correspondientes y se realizó el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Se obtuvo una disminución de la producción de ROS como efecto de las sustancias estudiadas con una diferencia significativa entre los controles y el efecto producido a 10-2 M, 10-3 M y 10-4 M. Este efecto aumentó de intensidad conforme la concentración de las drogas se incrementó. Los mayores porcentajes de inhibición se mostraron a 10-2 M y 10-3 M. Salbutamol presentó los máximos valores con todas las concentraciones con diferencia significativa entre su inhibición y la generada por las demás drogas. Conclusiones. Los estímulos adrenérgico y colinérgico tienen un efecto inhibitorio de la producción de ROS en neutrófilos de individuos sanos.
ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine and compare the effect of adrenergic and cholinergic agonist drugs on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils of healthy individuals. Materials and Methods. Whole blood samples were taken from five participants to purify neutrophils using the gelatin method. The production of chemiluminescent (QLM) ROS was measured using a scintillation counter and phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetate (PMA) as a stimulus. Non-PLA tests were also conducted to measure spontaneous production. Subsequently, with the same method, ROS formation was measured in the presence of nicotine (cholinergic agonist), salbutamol, and clonidine (adrenergic agonists), each in concentrations of 10-2 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M, and 10-5 M. The area integrated under the QLM curves was calculated and the percentage of inhibition or stimulation was found as the case may be. The effect of the drugs was compared with their corresponding controls and statistical analysis was carried out. Results. A decrease in the production of ROS was obtained as an effect of the substances studied with a significant difference between the controls and the effect produced at 10-2 M, 10-3 M, and 10-4 M . This effect increased in intensity as drug concentration increased. The highest percentages of inhibition were shown at 10-2 M and 10-3 M. Salbutamol presented the maximum values with all the concentrations with a significant difference between its inhibition and that generated by the other drugs. Conclusions. Adrenergic and cholinergic stimuli have an inhibitory effect on the production of ROS in neutrophils of healthy individuals.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Reactive Oxygen Species , Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology , Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology , Neutrophils/drug effects , Neutrophils/metabolismABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) provide superior therapeutic effects over long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs) for preventing COPD exacerbations. Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials involving patients with stable, moderate to severe COPD according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria, treated with a LAMA (i.e., tiotropium bromide, aclidinium, or glycopyrronium), followed for at least 12 weeks and compared with controls using a LABA in isolation or in combination with a corticosteroid. Results: A total of 2,622 studies were analyzed for possible inclusion on the basis of their title and abstract; 9 studies (17,120 participants) were included in the analysis. In comparison with LABAs, LAMAs led to a greater decrease in the exacerbation rate ratio (relative risk [RR] = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.93]; a lower proportion of patients who experienced at least one exacerbation (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.94; p < 0.00001); a lower risk of exacerbation-related hospitalizations (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69-0.87; p < 0.0001); and a lower number of serious adverse events (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.96; p = 0.0002). The overall quality of evidence was moderate for all outcomes. Conclusions: The major findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis were that LAMAs significantly reduced the exacerbation rate (exacerbation episodes/year), as well as the number of exacerbation episodes, of hospitalizations, and of serious adverse events.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs, antagonistas muscarínicos de longa duração) são superiores a long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs, β2-agonistas de longa duração) na prevenção de exacerbações da DPOC. Métodos: Revisão sistemática e meta-análise de ensaios clínicos controlados aleatórios com pacientes com DPOC estável, de moderada a grave, conforme os critérios da Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, tratados com LAMA (brometo de tiotrópio, aclidínio ou glicopirrônio), acompanhados durante pelo menos 12 semanas e comparados a controles que usaram LABA isoladamente ou com um corticosteroide. Resultados: Foram analisados 2.622 estudos para possível inclusão com base em seu título e resumo; 9 estudos (17.120 participantes) foram incluídos na análise. Em comparação com LABAs, LAMAs resultaram em maior diminuição da razão da taxa de exacerbações [risco relativo (RR) = 0,88; IC95%: 0,84-0,93]; menor proporção de pacientes que apresentaram pelo menos uma exacerbação (RR = 0,90; IC95%: 0,87-0,94; p < 0,00001); menor risco de hospitalizações em virtude de exacerbação da doença (RR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,69-0,87; p < 0,0001) e menor número de eventos adversos sérios (RR = 0,81; IC95%: 0,67-0,96; p = 0,0002). A qualidade geral das evidências foi moderada para todos os desfechos. Conclusões: O principal achado desta revisão sistemática e meta-análise foi que LAMAs reduziram significativamente a taxa de exacerbações (episódios de exacerbação/ano), os episódios de exacerbação, as hospitalizações e os eventos adversos sérios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Muscarinic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator and estrogen-mediated vasodilation that increases NO production. The association of the vascular endothelium, gender and vasodilation induced by estrogen is due to the activation of two estrogen receptors, alpha (ERa) and beta (ERb). The aim of this study was to compare NO production stimulating receptors ERa and ERb with the use of selective agonists in thoracic aortas of rats. METHODS: Aortic rings were either treated with 17 ?-estradiol (17-BE2); acetylcholine (Ach); 4,4',4-[4-propil-(1H)-pirazol-1,3,5-triyl]tris-phenol (PPT), and 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN), or left untreated, and the concentration of NO was determined by spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: The females presented a higher basal concentration of nitrite than males. PPT determined increased production of nitrite in both females and males, compared to17-beta-estradiol (17-BE2). In males, the production of nitrite induced by DPN and PPT was higher than that induced by 17-BE2. The stimulation with 17-BE2 increased the production of nitrite in females compared to males. Regardless the gender, the stimulation of aortic rings by PPT caused a greater production of nitrite compared to that induced by 17-BE2. Interestingly, the stimulation of aortic rings from males with DPN provided an increase in the nitrite production compared to the levels induced by 17-BE2 incubation. CONCLUSION: The stimulation of estrogen receptor (ER) by PPT provides greater production of nitrite than 17-BE2 regardless of gender; in males, the stimulation of ER by DPN provides bigger production of nitrite than 17-BE2; the basal production of nitrite is higher in females compared to males.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O óxido nítrico (NO) é um potente vasodilatador e o estrógeno promove vasodilatação aumentando a produção de NO. A associação entre endotélio vascular, gênero e vasodilatação induzida pelo estrógeno, é pela ativação de receptores estrogênicos, alfa (ERa) e (beta) ERb.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a produção de NO estimulando receptores estrogênicos, ERa e ERb, por agonistas seletivos em aorta torácica de ratos. MÉTODOS: Anéis aórticos foram tratados com 17 ?-estradiol (17-BE2), acetilcolina (Ach), 4,4',4-[4-propil-(1H)-pirazol-1,3,5-triyl]tris-fenol (PPT) e 2,3-Bis(4-hidroxifenil)-propionitrila (DPN) ou não tratados e a determinação de NO foi feita por método espectrofotométrico. RESULTADOS: As fêmeas apresentaram produção constitutiva basal de nitrito mais elevada do que os machos. O PPT causou elevação na produção de nitrito em ambos os sexos, em relação ao observado com 17-beta estradiol (17-BE2). Nos machos, PPT e DPN, aumentaram a produção de nitrito comparada àquela induzida por 17-BE2.A estimulação com 17-BE2 causou maior produção de nitrito em fêmeas que em machos. A incubação com PPT determinou maior produção de nitrito comparada àquela induzida por 17-BE2, independente do gênero. Interessantemente, em machos,a estimulação das artérias com DPN acarretou em elevação na produção de nitrito comparada ao efeito causado por 17-BE2.CONCLUSÃO: A estimulação de receptor estrogênico (ER) pelo PPT determina maior produção de nitrito do que 17-BE2 independente do gênero; a estimulação de ER pelo DPN determina maior produção de nitrito do que 17-BE2 em machos; a produção basal de nitrito é mais elevada em fêmeas comparada aos machos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists , Adrenergic beta-Agonists , Estrogens , Nitric OxideABSTRACT
La farmacovigilancia es una rama de la Farmacología de reciente evolución. Surge por acontecimientos desencadenados con la explosión farmacológica después de la II Guerra Mundial, que permitieron grandes avances en el tratamiento de enfermedades que antes conducían rápida e inexorablemente a la muerte o a una grave incapacidad. Objetivo: monitorear los tratamientos administrados con agonistas adrenérgicos empleados en el paciente grave. Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional prospectivo en pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con agonistas adrenérgicos en la unidad de cuidados intermedios del Hospital Municipal Manuel Piti Fajardo de Florida, Camagüey; desde enero a julio de 2010. La muestra quedó constituida por 71 pacientes. Para el estudio se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas, tipo y grado de severidad, causalidad, mecanismos de producción de las reacciones adversas medicamentosas, así como el desenlace final de las mismas. Resultados: se obtuvo más de un cincuenta por ciento de pacientes con sospechas de reacción adversa medicamentosa a predominio de aquellos en que se detectaron manifestaciones como taquicardia, palidez e hipertensión arterial entre los signos y síntomas, según el agonista adrenérgico administrado se observóefectos de (tipo A) en aquellos que adquirieron un grado de severidad moderado, clasificadas como probadas, donde el mayor por ciento de la muestra necesitó tratamiento para la resolución de los síntomas (AU)
Pharmacovigilance is a branch of Pharmacology of recent development. It arises by events triggered with the pharmacological explosion after the Second World War, which allowed great advances in the treatment of diseases which before lead to a rapid and inexorably death or a severe disability.Objective: to observe treatments administered with adrenergic agonists used in the severe patient. Methods: a prospective observational study was performed on patients who were treated with adrenergic agonists in the intermediate care unit at the Municipal Hospital Manuel "Piti" Fajardo, Florida, Camagüey; from January to July 2010. The sample was constituted by 71 patients. The study took into account sociodemographic and epidemiological variables, type and degree of severity, causation, mechanisms of production of drug adverse reactions, as well as their final outcome. Results: more than fifty percent of patients with suspicion of adverse drug reaction was obtained to predominance of those in which were detected manifestations such as tachycardia, pallor and hypertension between signs and symptoms,according to adrenergic agonist was observed (type A) effects in those who acquired a moderate degree of severity, classified as proven, where the greatest percent of the sample needed treatment to the resolutionof symptoms (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Surveillance in Disasters , Adrenergic Agonists , Intermediate Care FacilitiesABSTRACT
La farmacovigilancia es una rama de la Farmacología de reciente evolución. Surge por acontecimientos desencadenados con la explosión farmacológica después de la II Guerra Mundial, que permitieron grandes avances en el tratamiento de enfermedades que antes conducían rápida e inexorablemente a la muerte o a una grave incapacidad. Objetivo: monitorear los tratamientos administrados con agonistas adrenérgicos empleados en el paciente grave. Método: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional prospectivo en pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con agonistas adrenérgicos en la unidad de cuidados intermedios del Hospital Municipal Manuel Piti Fajardo de Florida, Camagüey; desde enero a julio de 2010. La muestra quedó constituida por 71 pacientes. Para el estudio se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas, tipo y grado de severidad, causalidad, mecanismos de producción de las reacciones adversas medicamentosas, así como el desenlace final de las mismas. Resultados: se obtuvo más de un cincuenta por ciento de pacientes con sospechas de reacción adversa medicamentosa a predominio de aquellos en que se detectaron manifestaciones como taquicardia, palidez e hipertensión arterial entre los signos y síntomas, según el agonista adrenérgico administrado se observóefectos de (tipo A) en aquellos que adquirieron un grado de severidad moderado, clasificadas como probadas, donde el mayor por ciento de la muestra necesitó tratamiento para la resolución de los síntomas
Pharmacovigilance is a branch of Pharmacology of recent development. It arises by events triggered with the pharmacological explosion after the Second World War, which allowed great advances in the treatment of diseases which before lead to a rapid and inexorably death or a severe disability.Objective: to observe treatments administered with adrenergic agonists used in the severe patient. Methods: a prospective observational study was performed on patients who were treated with adrenergic agonists in the intermediate care unit at the Municipal Hospital Manuel "Piti" Fajardo, Florida, Camagüey; from January to July 2010. The sample was constituted by 71 patients. The study took into account sociodemographic and epidemiological variables, type and degree of severity, causation, mechanisms of production of drug adverse reactions, as well as their final outcome. Results: more than fifty percent of patients with suspicion of adverse drug reaction was obtained to predominance of those in which were detected manifestations such as tachycardia, pallor and hypertension between signs and symptoms,according to adrenergic agonist was observed (type A) effects in those who acquired a moderate degree of severity, classified as proven, where the greatest percent of the sample needed treatment to the resolutionof symptoms
Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenergic Agonists , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Surveillance in Disasters , Intermediate Care FacilitiesABSTRACT
Descrevemos um caso típico de síndrome do balonamento apical em uma paciente octogenária com alteração eletrocardiográfica, de contratilidade do ventrículo esquerdo, e que apresentou recuperação da função ventricular. A paciente é portadora de rinite alérgica e fez uso excessivo de descongestionante nasal horas antes do episódio da dor.
We describe a typical case of apical ballooning syndrome in an octogenarian female patient with left ventricular wall motion abnormality on electrocardiography, whose ventricular function returned to normal. The patient has allergic rhinitis and had used nasal decongestant excessively a few hours prior to the episode of pain.
Describimos un caso típico de síndrome de abombamiento apical en una paciente octogenaria con alteración electrocardiográfica, de contractilidad del ventrículo izquierdo, y que presentó recuperación de la función ventricular. La paciente es portadora de rinitis alérgica y hace uso excesivo de descongestionante nasal horas antes del episodio del dolor.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Nasal Decongestants/adverse effects , Oxymetazoline/adverse effects , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/chemically induced , Drug OverdoseABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais (CGX e GTZ) de igual número (n=8). Após contenção física, administrou-se aos animais do GCX, por via intramuscular, cetamina (10,g/kg) associada à xilazina (2mg/kg); enquanto nos do GTZ foi administrada a associação de tiletamina-zolazepam (5 mg/kg), pela mesma via. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: freqüência respiratória (FR); freqüência cardíaca (FC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. As coletas dos dados foram feitas de 10 em 10 minutos após a aplicação do anestésico dissociativo (M10, M20 e M30). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste de Friedman para a comparação dos momentos e o teste de Tukey para a comparação entre os grupos (p>0,05). A FC foi estatísticamente diferente entre os grupos em todos os momentos (GCX M10=137, M20=123 e M30=115; GTZ M10=228, M20=212 e M=30=203). A FR diferiu entre os grupos em M10 (GCX=53 e GTZ=89). A TC reduziu-se ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos, e de forma mais pronunciada no GCX. As variáveis eletrocardiográficas QT e RR foram maiores no CGX em todos os momentos, e a RR no CGX foi maior no M30 do que no M10. No P(mV) o GTZ foi superior ao GCX em M30. Ocorreu sialorréia em 50% dos animais do GTZ e um animal do CGX apresentou taquicardia ventricular sustentada. Concluiu-se que a associação cetamina-xilazina determina depressão cardíaca enquanto que o uso de tiletamina-zolazepam eleva a atividade respiratória com a manifestação de sialorréia em macacos-prego
The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of the anesthetic associations ketamine-xilazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in monkeys-nail. Was used in this study, 16 adult, male animals and female monkeys, healthful, distributed in two experimental groups (GCX and GTZ) of same number (n=8). After the animals had been contained physically was administrated to GCX, by intramuscular way, ketamine (10mg/kg) plus xylazine (2mg/kg); e to the animals of the GTZ was administrated the association of tiletamine-zolezepam (5mg/kg), for same way. The following physiological parameters had been evaluated: respitory rate (RR); heart hate (HR); corporal temperature (CT); and the electrocardiographic variables Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. The data was obtained of 10 minutes after the application of the dissociative anaesthetic (M10, M20, and M30). The evaluation statistic of the data was effected by ANOVA followed of the Friemans teste to comparations of moments and the Tukeys test for study among groups (<0,05). The HR was statistically different among the groups in all moments (GCX M10=137, M20=123 and M30=115; GTZ- M10=228, M20=212 and M30=203). The RR was differed between the groups in M10 (GCX=53 and GTZ=89). The CT reduced in both the groups, especially in the GCX. Eletrocardiographic variables QT and RR had beem high in the GCX in all the moments, and the RR in the GCX was bigger in the M30 of what in the M10. In the P (mV) GTZ was tachycardia. Concluded that the ketamine-xylazine association cause depressiom cardiac and that use of tiletamine-zolazepam increase respiratory ativity with the manifestation of sialorrhea in capuchim
Subject(s)
Animals , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Cebus , Primates , Cardiovascular SystemABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos das associações anestésicas cetamina-xilazina e tiletamina-zolazepam em macacos-prego. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais (CGX e GTZ) de igual número (n=8). Após contenção física, administrou-se aos animais do GCX, por via intramuscular, cetamina (10,g/kg) associada à xilazina (2mg/kg); enquanto nos do GTZ foi administrada a associação de tiletamina-zolazepam (5 mg/kg), pela mesma via. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros fisiológicos: freqüência respiratória (FR); freqüência cardíaca (FC); temperatura corporal (TC); e as variáveis eletrocardiográficas Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. As coletas dos dados foram feitas de 10 em 10 minutos após a aplicação do anestésico dissociativo (M10, M20 e M30). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de ANOVA seguida do teste de Friedman para a comparação dos momentos e o teste de Tukey para a comparação entre os grupos (p>0,05). A FC foi estatísticamente diferente entre os grupos em todos os momentos (GCX M10=137, M20=123 e M30=115; GTZ M10=228, M20=212 e M=30=203). A FR diferiu entre os grupos em M10 (GCX=53 e GTZ=89). A TC reduziu-se ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos, e de forma mais pronunciada no GCX. As variáveis eletrocardiográficas QT e RR foram maiores no CGX em todos os momentos, e a RR no CGX foi maior no M30 do que no M10. No P(mV) o GTZ foi superior ao GCX em M30. Ocorreu sialorréia em 50% dos animais do GTZ e um animal do CGX apresentou taquicardia ventricular sustentada. Concluiu-se que a associação cetamina-xilazina determina depressão cardíaca enquanto que o uso de tiletamina-zolazepam eleva a atividade respiratória com a manifestação de sialorréia em macacos-prego(AU)
The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of the anesthetic associations ketamine-xilazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in monkeys-nail. Was used in this study, 16 adult, male animals and female monkeys, healthful, distributed in two experimental groups (GCX and GTZ) of same number (n=8). After the animals had been contained physically was administrated to GCX, by intramuscular way, ketamine (10mg/kg) plus xylazine (2mg/kg); e to the animals of the GTZ was administrated the association of tiletamine-zolezepam (5mg/kg), for same way. The following physiological parameters had been evaluated: respitory rate (RR); heart hate (HR); corporal temperature (CT); and the electrocardiographic variables Pms, PR, QRS, QT, RR, PmV, RmV. The data was obtained of 10 minutes after the application of the dissociative anaesthetic (M10, M20, and M30). The evaluation statistic of the data was effected by ANOVA followed of the Friemans teste to comparations of moments and the Tukeys test for study among groups (<0,05). The HR was statistically different among the groups in all moments (GCX M10=137, M20=123 and M30=115; GTZ- M10=228, M20=212 and M30=203). The RR was differed between the groups in M10 (GCX=53 and GTZ=89). The CT reduced in both the groups, especially in the GCX. Eletrocardiographic variables QT and RR had beem high in the GCX in all the moments, and the RR in the GCX was bigger in the M30 of what in the M10. In the P (mV) GTZ was tachycardia. Concluded that the ketamine-xylazine association cause depressiom cardiac and that use of tiletamine-zolazepam increase respiratory ativity with the manifestation of sialorrhea in capuchim(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cebus , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Primates , Cardiovascular SystemABSTRACT
Nos países em que é comercializada, a administração precoce de levosimendana deve ser considerada em pacientes que permanecem sintomáticos e com dispnéia em repouso apesar da terapia inicial, principalmente aqueles com história de insuficiência cardíaca crônica ou em tratamento prolongado com betabloqueadores. Pacientes hipotensos ou com isquemia ativa não são os melhores candidatos para receber infusão de levosimendana e precisam, primeiro, ter esses problemas tratados.
In countries where it is available, early levosimendan infusion can be considered for patients who remain symptomatic with dyspnea at rest despite initial therapy, particularly those with a history of chronic heart failure or chronically treated with beta-blockers. Hypotensive patients or patients with active ischemia are not the best candidates for levosimendan administration and should have these problems addressed first.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Hydrazones/therapeutic use , Pyridazines/therapeutic use , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiotonic Agents , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hydrazones/administration & dosage , Hydrazones , Hypotension/complications , Ischemia/complications , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Pyridazines/administration & dosage , Pyridazines , Syndrome , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Vasodilator AgentsABSTRACT
Priapismo é a complicação relativamente freqüente na doença falciforme. Consiste de ereção peniana prolongada e dolorosa, não acompanhada de desejo ou estímulo sexual, usualmente persistente por mais de quatro horas. A disfunção erétil é seqüela comum no tratamento inadequado. A forma típica de priapismo nestes pacientes é a de baixo fluxo, ocorrendo, ainda, a forma de priapismo recorrente ou stuttering. O tratamento inicial para esta complicação ainda não está bem estabelecido. São propostas várias opções medicamentosas, tais como agonistas adrenérgicos, hormônios análogos à gonadotrofina, dietil-estilbestrol, hidroxiuréia entre outras. Nos casos de falha com as medidas conservadoras e medicamentosas, a intervenção cirúrgica, com confecção de shunt cavernoso, é necessária. Este estudo revisa a incidência, patogênese e opções terapêuticas desta complicação na doença falciforme.
Priapism is a common complication of sickle cell disease. It is defined as a painful and persistent penil erection not accompanied by sexual desire or stimulation, usually lasting for more than 4 hours. The typical forms of priapism in sickle cell disease are low-flow and recurrent priapism (stuttering). The first-line treatment for this complication is not totally clear. Several treatments have been proposed such as adrenergic agents, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, diethylstilbestrol, hydroxyurea. If conservative treatments fail, surgical intervention is required with cavernous shunts. This study reviewed the incidence, pathogenesis and management of sickle cell priapism.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Drug Utilization , Diethylstilbestrol/therapeutic use , Hemoglobin SC Disease , Priapism , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Administração de glutamato monossódico (MSG) em ratos neonatos causa lesão no núcleo arqueado (NA), seguido por uma síndrome de disfunção neuroendócrina caracterizada por obesidade e reduzida atividade simpática. O objetivo da presente investigação foi examinar a resposta da glicogenólise hepática a agonistas adrenérgico em ratos tratados com MSG. Ratos Wistar machos receberam injeções subcutâneas de MSG (4 mg g-1 de peso corporal) ou salina equimolar (controles) durante cinco dias após o nascimento. Noventa dias após o tratamento, os fígados de ratos-MSG ou controles foram perfundidos in situ com epinefrina e agonistas alfa- e beta-adrenérgico. Isoproterenol, fenilefrina e epinefrina aumentaram a glicogenólise em ratos-MSG, comparados aos controles (50 ± 2,8 Vs 17 ± 0,89 µmol min-1 g-1 de fígado, p < 0,0001; 64 ± 0,15 Vs 37 ± 0,39, p < 0,0001; 35 ± 2,48 Vs 27 ± 0,98, p < 0,05, respectivamente). Concluiu-se que a lesão do NA aumentou o catabolismo do glicogênio aos agonistas adrenérgicos, possivelmente devido à reduzida atividade do eixo simpático - medula adrenal.
Administration of MSG to neonate rats causes lesions in the arcuate nucleus (AN), followed by a syndrome of neuroendocrine dysfunction characterized by obesity and decreased sympathetic activity. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the responses of hepatic glycogenolysis to alpha and beta-adrenergic agonists in rats? treatment with MSG. Male Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of MSG (4 mg g-1 body weight) or hyperosmotic saline (controls) during five days after birth. Ninety days after treatment, the livers of the MSG or controls rats were perfused in situ with epinephryne and alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists. Epinephryne, Isoproterenol and phenylephrine increased glycogenolysis in the MSG-treated rats, compared to the controls (50 ± 2.8 Vs 17 ± 0.89 µmol min-1 g-1 of liver, p < 0.0001; 64 ± 0.15 Vs 37 ± 0.39, p < 0.0001; 35 ± 2.48 Vs 27 ± 0.98, p < 0.05, respectively). Results indicated that the lesion in the AN increased glycogen catabolism to adrenergic agonists, possibly, due to the reduced activity of the sympathetic-adrenal axis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Adrenergic Agonists , Glycogenolysis , Sodium Glutamate , Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus , ObesityABSTRACT
Utilizando segmentos de aorta de rata sin endotelio inmersos en solución sin Ca2+, evaluamos la capacidad de la testosterona para modificar el efecto contráctil del agonista adrenérgico fenilefrina, así como el incremento en el tono de reposo (ITR) asociado con la entrada capacitativa de calcio por el sarcoplasma. La testosterona [10-510- 4 M] inhibió significativamente la contracción activada por la fenilefrina [10-6 M] y el ITR. Estos efectos no fueron modificados con cicloheximida [10-5 M] (inhibidor de la síntesis protéica), flutamida [10-5 M] (antagonista de receptores androgénicos), o aminoglutetimida [10-5 M] (inhibidor de la citocromo P450 aromatasa). La testosterona también inhibió las respuestas contráctiles de la serotonina [10-5 M], pero no de la cafeína [10-2 M]. Además, la testosterona inhibió las contracciones del ácido ciclopiazónico [10-6 M] y de la ryanodina [10- 5 M] asociadas con el ingreso capacitativo de Ca2+ mediante canales de Ca2+ tipo no L. Estos datos sugieren que la testosterona interfiere con la vía de transducción de los receptores acoplados a proteínas Gq- 11, e inhibe la entrada capacitativa de Ca2+ a través de canales de Ca2+ tipo L y tipo no L; los efectos son no genómicos, independientes de receptores androgénicos, y de la conversión testosterona en estrógenos.
Using endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings incubated in Ca2+ -free solution, we assessed the ability of testosterone to influence the contractile effect of phenylephrine, and the increase in resting tone (IRT) associated with Ca2+ ability to cross the plasma membrane. The addition of testosterone [10(-5)-10(-4) 5 min before phenylephrine [10(-6) M], inhibited both phenylephrine-induced contraction and IRT. These changes were not affected by cycloheximide (10(-5) M; a protein synthesis inhibitor of), flutamide (10(-5) M; an androgenic receptor antagonist), or by adding aminoglutethimide (10(-5) M; an aromatase inhibitor). Testosterone also blocked the contractile response to serotonin [10(-5) M] but not to caffeine [10(-2) M]. On the other hand, testosterone inhibited the contractile responses to cyclopiazonic acid (10(-6) M; a selective Ca2+ -ATPase inhibitor) or ryanodine (10(-5 M; an activator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -release channels) associated with capacitative Ca2+ influx through non-L-type Ca2+ channels. These data suggest that by acting on the cellular membrane, testosterone interferes with the signal transduction pathway of G(q-11) protein-coupled receptors, and inhibits capacitative Ca2+ influx through both L-type and non-L-type Ca2+ channels. These effects are non-genomic, non-mediated by the intracellular androgen receptor, and not due to the conversion of testosterone to estrogens.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aorta/drug effects , Aorta/physiology , Calcium/metabolism , Cells/metabolism , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Testosterone/pharmacology , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Vasodilation/drug effects , Muscle Contraction , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo descriptivo en 84 pacientes en quienes se determinaron las reacciones adversas (RAM´s) tras la administración IV de alguno de los siguientes agonistas adrenérgicos: noradrenalina (0,5 my/kg/min.), adrenalina (0,1my/kg/min), dopamina (3my/kg/min.) y dobutamina (5my/kg/min.). Se utilizó como instrumento de registro de las RAM´s la Hoja Amarilla de CEVIFARE. Se procedió a la identificación de las RAM´s por su tipo, severidad y causalidad. El 83,33% de los pacientes presentaron RAM´s, siendo las más frecuentes: taquicardia (47,61%), palidez (23,80%), hipertensión (11,90%) y arritmias (7,14%). Todas las RAM´s fueron del tipo A, el 50% leves, 40% moderadas y 10% graves. El 100% de las RAM´s analizadas fueron probadas. Aunque los agonistas adrenérgicos estudiados resultaron ser seguros, la adrenalina tiene el riesgo de producir necrosis tisular distal, por lo cual el papel de la Enfermera(o) que practica la farmacovigilancia es prevenir o disminuir la posibilidad de aparición de RAM´s en los pacientes a su cuidado.
A descriptive study was made in 84 patients to determined adverse drugs reactions (DAR) during the IV treatment with some of the following adrenergic agonists: norepinephrine (0,5mu/kg/min), epinephrine (0.1mu/kg/min), dopamine (3mu/kg/min.) and dobutamine (5mu/kg/min). The Yellow Card of CEVIFARE was used as the instrument for registry of the DAR. DAR were analyzed by its type, severity and causality. 83.33% of the patients had DAR, being most frequent: tachycardia (47,61%), pallor (23,80%), hypertension (11,90%) and arrhythmias (7,14%). All the DAR were type A, mild 50%, moderate 40% and serious 10%. 100% of DAR analyzed were proved. Although the adrenergic agonists turned out to be safe, the epinephrine has the risk of producing distal necrosis, thus the Nursing role in practicing pharmacovigilance is to prevent or to diminish the possibility of appearance of DAR in the patients under her care.