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1.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 56(4): 153, 2024 May 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38717731

ABSTRACT

Ensilage of refused fruit with forage is a viable approach to increase resource use in ruminant feed. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ensiling refused melon fruit (RMF) with Canarana grass on the intake, apparent digestibility, serum biochemistry, performance, carcass traits, and meat attributes of feedlot lambs. Four distinct silage treatment types were prepared by ensiling RMF at 0 g/kg (control), 70 g/kg, 140 g/kg, and 210 g/kg (as fed) with Canarana grass. Twenty-eight male Santa Inês lambs (7 lambs per treatment), initially weighing 22.3 ± 1.0 kg at 120 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design and confined for a total of 96 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and 73 experimental days in a feedlot. The lambs received the treatment-silage in diets as a complete mixture with a roughage: concentrate ratio of 30:70. The inclusion of RMF in Canarana grass ensilage decreased (P < 0.05) the lambs' intake of dry matter, crude protein and metabolisable energy. The inclusion of RMF in ensilage had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates. The serum total protein and cholesterol levels decreased (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of RMF in the ensilage, but we observed no effect on the final weight and average daily gain of the lambs. The feed efficiency increased (P < 0.05) by including RMF in the Canarana grass ensilage. The RMF in the ensilage did not influence cold carcass weight and yield. The fat content of the meat decreased (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of RMF in the ensilage. It is recommended the inclusion of up to 210 g/kg of RMF in Canarana grass ensilage to increase feed efficiency and avoid impacts on the performance and carcass attributes of confined lambs.


Subject(s)
Diet , Digestion , Sheep, Domestic , Silage , Animals , Digestion/drug effects , Male , Silage/analysis , Diet/veterinary , Sheep, Domestic/physiology , Sheep, Domestic/growth & development , Sheep, Domestic/blood , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animal Feed/analysis , Cucurbitaceae/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Random Allocation
2.
Sci. agric ; 79(6): e20210010, 2022. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1347917

ABSTRACT

Due to their remarkable characteristics, cellulose nanocrystals are strategic materials that has various industrial applications, and are capable of being produced from vegetable fibers derived from the discards of agricultural practices. Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) peel is a residue considered of low commercial value and high polluting potential that needs new applications in order to mitigate these problems. Thus, in this study the feasibility of extracting cellulose nanocrystals was investigated. Two chemical routes were followed for this extraction. In the first, the fibers were bleached before acid hydrolysis whereas mercerization was used in the second. The second route was more efficient, as it enabled the elimination of proteins and phenolic compounds, which could be confirmed through solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that revealed no signs of lignin residues. The cellulose nanocrystals composed of mainly type I cellulose presented a high degree of crystallinity index, 75 %, a thermal stability up to 200 °C, considerable stability in suspension (zeta potential of -48.1 ± 2.1 mV), and an aspect ratio of 125. They represent options that could add value to this residue, which would ease environmental problems.


Subject(s)
Arachis , Cellulose , Nanoparticles , Chemical Phenomena , Garbage , Hydrolysis
3.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 70(3): 206-214, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466575

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%.


This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%.


Subject(s)
Cattle , Coffee , Medicago sativa , Silage , Fermentation , Nutritive Value
4.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 70(3): 206-214, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-11783

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química e as características fermentativas de silagens da polpa de café com diferentes proporções de casca de café. O material foi ensilado em PVC de 150 mm de diâmetro por 750 mm de altura, segundo os tratamentos: polpa de café (PC), PC + 20% de casca de café (CC), PC + 40% de CC e PC + 60% de CC, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. Os silos foram abertos 60 dias após o fechamento, quando foram retiradas amostras para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, celulose, pH, N-NH3, cafeína, cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Determinou-se também a produção de efluentes e de gás. Houve um aumento linear no teor de MS e pH, à medida que foi adicionado casca de café nas silagens, e decréscimo linear nos teores de PB, FDN e FDA, lignina, celulose, cafeína, Ca e P. Esse decréscimo ocorreu pelo fato da casca de café possuir teores inferiores ao da polpa para PB, FDN, FDA, cafeína, Ca e P. Houve também redução linear nos valores de N-NH3, e somente a silagem com maior porcentagem de casca de café obteve valor inferior a 10%, considerado como limite para silagem de boa qualidade. A produção de efluentes foi maior para a silagem de polpa de café sem casca e não se obteve nenhuma produção na silagem com 60% de casca. Não houve diferença significativa na DIVMS entre os tratamentos. A casca de café foi efetiva em aumentar o teor de MS da silagem de PC e em reduzir os teores de FDN, FDA, N-NH3, proporcionando silagem de valor nutritivo satisfatório à alimentação de bovinos, criando, assim, alternativa para aproveitamento desses resíduos. Ao considerar o teor de MS encontrado nas silagens, a melhor quantidade de casca de café a ser acrescentada à polpa de café, para produção de silagem está entre 30% e 35%. (AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the coffee pulp silages with different proportions of coffee hulls. The material was ensiled in PVC with 150 mm diameter by 750 mm high, according to the treatments: coffee pulp (CoP), CoP + 20% of coffee hulls (CH), CoP + 40% of CH and CoP + 60% CH in a completely randomized design with six replications. The silos were opened 60 days after closing, when samples were taken for determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose, pH, N-NH3, caffeine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter. We also determined gas production and effluent. There was a linear increase in DM content and pH, and a linear decrease of CP, NDF and ADF, lignin, cellulose, caffeine, Ca and P. This reduction occurs because the coffee hulls have lower levels than pulp to CP, NDF, ADF, caffeine, Ca and P. There was also a linear reduction in N-NH3 values, and only the highest percentage of silage with coffee hulls obtained below 10%, considered as the limit for good quality silage. Effluent production was higher for silage shelled coffee pulp and do not get any production in silage with 60% coffee hull. There was no significant difference in vitro digestibility of dry matter among treatments. The coffee hulls was effective in increasing DM content of CoP silage and to reduce NDF, ADF, N-NH3, providing nutritional value of silage satisfactory for cattle feed, creating an alternative for recovery of such waste. When considering the DM content found in silages, the amount of bark best coffee to be added to coffee pulp for the production of silage is between 30% and 35%. (AU)


Subject(s)
Cattle , Medicago sativa , Silage , Coffee , Fermentation , Nutritive Value
5.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 33(1): 65-71, Jan.-mar. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-6940

ABSTRACT

Para avaliar o potencial do resíduo do farelo de manga nas dietas de tilápia do Nilo, sobre a digestibilidade aparente, desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça, índice hepatossomático, índice de gordura víscero-somática e peso dos órgãos. No ensaio de digestibilidade utilizou-se 48 animais com peso médio de 53,9 g, e no de desempenho utilizou-se 300 juvenis, com peso médio de 44,3. O delineamento experimental utilizado em ambos os experimentos foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, sendo o de desempenho com cinco repetições e o de digestibilidade com três. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro rações isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de resíduo de manga (0, 5, 10 e 15%). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das rações foram respectivamente: matéria seca (79,6; 76,9; 76,5 e 78,0%), proteína bruta (88,8; 87,4; 87,2 e 87,8%), energia bruta (77,8; 75,9; 76,4 e 77,5%). A energia digestível das rações (3304, 3320, 3395 e 3484 kcal kg-1) e proteína digestível (29,3; 30,3; 29,8 e 29,8%). Não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis analisadas no desempenho, o que possibilita a inclusão de até 15,0% do farelo de resíduo de manga nas rações de tilápia do Nilo.(AU)


To evaluate the potential of mango residues in the diets Nile tilapia on apparent digestibility, productive performance, body yield (with and without head), hepatosomatic index, somatic and visceral indexes, fat and organs weight in Nile tilapia. In the digestibility experiment were used 48 animals with average weight of 53.9 ± (1.04 g) and for the performance experiment 300 juveniles were used with the average weight of 44.3 ± (2.7 g). The experimental design for both was randomized with four treatments and the performance experiment with five replicates, and digestibility with three replications. The treatments consisted of four isoproteic- and isoenergetic diets with different levels of inclusion of mango waste bran (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The digestibility coefficients were: dry matter (79.6, 76.9, 76.5 and 78.0%), crude protein (88.8, 87.4, 87.2 and 87.8%), crude energy (77.8, 75.9, 76.4 and 77.5%). Digestible energy (3304, 3320, 3395 and 3484 kcal kg-1) and digestible protein (29.3, 30.3, 29.8 and 29.8%). There are no visible treatment effects on the variables analyzed. It is recommended the inclusion of about to 15,0% of mango wastes on Nile tilapia feeding.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Tilapia
6.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 33(1): 65-71, Jan.-mar. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459319

ABSTRACT

Para avaliar o potencial do resíduo do farelo de manga nas dietas de tilápia do Nilo, sobre a digestibilidade aparente, desempenho produtivo, rendimento de carcaça, índice hepatossomático, índice de gordura víscero-somática e peso dos órgãos. No ensaio de digestibilidade utilizou-se 48 animais com peso médio de 53,9 g, e no de desempenho utilizou-se 300 juvenis, com peso médio de 44,3. O delineamento experimental utilizado em ambos os experimentos foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, sendo o de desempenho com cinco repetições e o de digestibilidade com três. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro rações isoproteicas e isoenergéticas, com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de resíduo de manga (0, 5, 10 e 15%). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das rações foram respectivamente: matéria seca (79,6; 76,9; 76,5 e 78,0%), proteína bruta (88,8; 87,4; 87,2 e 87,8%), energia bruta (77,8; 75,9; 76,4 e 77,5%). A energia digestível das rações (3304, 3320, 3395 e 3484 kcal kg-1) e proteína digestível (29,3; 30,3; 29,8 e 29,8%). Não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis analisadas no desempenho, o que possibilita a inclusão de até 15,0% do farelo de resíduo de manga nas rações de tilápia do Nilo.


To evaluate the potential of mango residues in the diets Nile tilapia on apparent digestibility, productive performance, body yield (with and without head), hepatosomatic index, somatic and visceral indexes, fat and organs weight in Nile tilapia. In the digestibility experiment were used 48 animals with average weight of 53.9 ± (1.04 g) and for the performance experiment 300 juveniles were used with the average weight of 44.3 ± (2.7 g). The experimental design for both was randomized with four treatments and the performance experiment with five replicates, and digestibility with three replications. The treatments consisted of four isoproteic- and isoenergetic diets with different levels of inclusion of mango waste bran (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The digestibility coefficients were: dry matter (79.6, 76.9, 76.5 and 78.0%), crude protein (88.8, 87.4, 87.2 and 87.8%), crude energy (77.8, 75.9, 76.4 and 77.5%). Digestible energy (3304, 3320, 3395 and 3484 kcal kg-1) and digestible protein (29.3, 30.3, 29.8 and 29.8%). There are no visible treatment effects on the variables analyzed. It is recommended the inclusion of about to 15,0% of mango wastes on Nile tilapia feeding.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Tilapia
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