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1.
Acta méd. costarric ; 61(2)abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505473

ABSTRACT

En este reporte se presenta el caso de una paciente con hipertensión resistente que requería triple terapia antihipertensiva. Presentaba episodios súbitos de hipertensión, de predominio nocturno, cefalea, disnea, palpitaciones, dolor precordial, y se documentó ultrasonográficamente una masa suprarrenal izquierda. Estas manifestaciones clínicas podrían corresponder a hipertensión endocrina debida a feocromocitoma. No obstante, las pruebas de laboratorio mostraron hipocalemia, elevación de la aldosterona plasmática y supresión de la actividad de renina plasmática. Estos resultados fueron consistentes con aldosteronismo primario. Con la resección laparoscópica del adenoma suprarrenal, se normalizaron las cifras tensionales y las concentraciones de aldosterona y actividad de renina plasmática.


In this report we present a case of a patient with resistant hypertension treated with triple antihypertensive medication. The patient suffered of sudden episodes of nocturnal hypertension, headache, dyspnoea, palpitations, precordial pain and a left suprarenal mass was found in the abdominal ultrasound. These findings suggested endocrine hypertension due to pheochromocytoma.However, the laboratory tests showed hypokalemia, high plasma aldosterone concentrations and suppressed plasma renin activity. This results were consistent with primary aldosteronism. After the laparoscopic removal of the suprarenal adenoma blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentrations and plasma renine activity returned to normal.

2.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 16(3): 571-577, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-985432

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Secondary hypertension corresponds to 15 % of the causes of arterial hypertension, and among them, primary hyperaldosteronism presents a variable incidence of about 3 % in hypertensive patients. It has a slightly higher prevalence in women, between 30 and 60 years, and is usually unilateral. Case presentation: The authors describe the clinical case of a patient, followed by a severe hypertension medicated with four antihypertensive drugs for tension stabilization, maintaining systolic arterial tensions superior to 170 mmHg. In the aetiological study of hypertension, analytical alterations suggested hyperaldosteronism and a nodular lesion was detected in the left adrenal gland. The patient was submitted to surgery and excision of the lesion was done with histological confirmation of the diagnosis of corticomedullary adenoma of the adrenal gland. The patient presented improvement of the tension profile, with need to suspend two of the four antihypertensive drugs and to reduce the dose of the remaining ones. Conclusion: A tumor of the adrenal cortex producing aldosterone is the main cause of primary hyperaldosteronism and should always be excluded when the presence of difficult to control, severe hypertension is detected, since the standard treatment is surgical, leading to a stabilization of the tension pattern after a few months.


Resumen Introducción: la hipertensión secundaria corresponde al 15 % de las causas de hipertensión arterial, y entre ellas, el hiperaldosteronismo primario presenta una incidencia variable de sobre 3 % en pacientes hipertensos. Tiene una prevalencia ligeramente mayor en mujeres, entre 30 y 60 años, y generalmente es unilateral. Presentación del caso: los autores describen el caso clínico de un paciente, seguido por una hipertensión resistente medicada con cuatro fármacos antihipertensivos para la estabilización de la tensión, con mantenimiento de las tensiones arteriales sistólicas superiores a 170 mmHg. Las alteraciones analíticas en el estudio etiológico de la hipertensión sugirieron hiperaldosteronismo y una lesión nodular en la glándula suprarrenal izquierda. El paciente fue sometido a cirugía y se realizó la escisión de la lesión con confirmación histológica del diagnóstico de adenoma corticomedular de la glándula suprarrenal. El paciente presentó una mejora en el perfil de tensión, con la necesidad de suspender dos de los cuatro fármacos antihipertensivos y reducir la dosis de los restantes. Discusión: un tumor de la corteza suprarrenal que produce la aldosterona es la principal causa de hiperaldosteronismo primario y siempre debe excluirse cuando se presenta hipertensión grave, difícil de controlar, ya que el tratamiento estándar es quirúrgico y conduce a una estabilización del patrón de tensión después de unos meses.


Resumo Introdução: a hipertensão secundária corresponde ao 15 % das causas de hipertensão arterial, e entre elas, o hiperaldosteronismo primário apresenta uma incidência variável de sobre 3 % em pacientes hipertensos. Tem uma prevalência ligeiramente maior em mulheres, entre 30-60 anos, e geralmente é unilateral. Apresentação do caso: os autores descrevem o caso clínico de um paciente, seguido por uma hipertensão resistente medicada com quatro fármacos anti-hipertensivos para a estabilização da tensão, com manutenção das tensões arteriais sistólicas a 170 mmHg. As alterações analíticas no estudo etiológico da hipertensão sugeriram hiperaldosteronismo e uma lesão nodular na glândula suprarrenal esquerda. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia e se realizou a incisão da lesão com confirmação histológica do diagnóstico de adenoma córtico-medular da glândula suprarrenal. O paciente apresentou uma melhora no perfil de tensão, com a necessidade de suspender dois dos quatro fármacos anti-hipertensivos e reduzir a dose dos restantes. Discussão: um tumor do córtex suprarrenal que produz a aldosterona é a principal causa de hiperaldosteronismo primário e sempre deve excluir-se quando se apresenta hipertensão grave, difícil de controlar, pois o tratamento standard é cirúrgico e conduz a uma estabilização do patrão de tensão depois de uns meses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypertension , Case Reports , Adrenal Cortex Diseases , Hyperaldosteronism
3.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab;52(4): 204-214, set. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-957934

ABSTRACT

El aldosteronismo primario se considera actualmente el causante de un 8 a 12 % de los casos de hipertensión arterial. El aumento de su prevalencia es consecuencia de cambios en los criterios diagnósticos. El tamizaje inicial se realiza en el laboratorio determinando la relación aldosterona/actividad de renina plasmática, para lo que se requieren estrictas condiciones preanalíticas; condiciones de reposo o deambulación, evitando interferencias de drogas terapéuticas que pueden afectar el resultado, de obtención y de conservación de la muestra, entre otras. Debido a la alta variabilidad en la medición de la actividad de renina plasmática, (radioinmunoensayo operador dependiente), se está proponiendo el uso de la relación aldosterona/concentración de renina, (donde la concentración de renina se determina por un método automatizado) aunque aún no hay consenso. El método de tamizaje es fundamental para el inicio del estudio de un paciente e influye en la prevalencia actual. Una vez establecidos los valores de corte para cada laboratorio, los pacientes con tamizajes positivos deben ser sometidos a pruebas confirmatorias, por ejemplo sobrecarga con sodio, o supresión con fludrocortisona, para evidenciar la secreción autónoma de aldosterona. Una vez confirmada se debe diferenciar la causa; las principales son adenoma productor de aldosterona e hiperplasia adrenal bilateral. El diagnóstico temprano permite el tratamiento correcto, evitando comorbilidades causadas por la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y remodelaciones vasculares y cardíacas por el exceso de aldosterona. Los tratamientos clásicos para la HTA no siempre son de utilidad en el aldosteronismo primario, por ello es importante el diagnóstico de la patología.


Primary aldosteronism is nowadays considered the cause of 8 to 12 % cases of hypertension. The increase in its prevalence is due to changes in diagnostic criteria. Initial screening is performed in the laboratory by obtaining the aldosterone to plasma renin activity ratio, for which strict preanalytical conditions are required, including; supine or upright posture; interaction of therapeutic drugs which may alter results; sample extraction and conservation, among others. Given the high variability in the measurement of plasma renin activity and its complexity (RIA), the use of the aldosterone to renin concentration ratio is proposed (where renin concentration is determined by an automated immunoassay), although no consensus has been reached in this matter. The screening method is essential to primarily identify those patients who should be further studied, and it influences the statistics on actual prevalence of primary aldosteronism. Once cutoff values have been determined for each laboratory, patients with positive screening results must be further submitted for confirmation tests, such as salt-loading test or fludrocortisone suppression test, in which the autonomous secretion of aldosterone is confirmed. Then, the cause of the excessive aldosterone production must be determined. The most common are aldosterone producing adenoma and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Early diagnosis allows for the correct treatment, minimizing comorbidities caused by hypertension and by vascular and cardiac remodelation due to the excess of aldosterone. Classic treatment for hypertension is not always useful in patients with primary aldosteronism; this is why it is important to know how to diagnose the underlying pathology.

4.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 26(3): 113-117, jul.-sep. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-767590

ABSTRACT

Primary hyperaldosteronism is a set of pathologies that share an excessive biosynthesis, and sustained autonomous aldosterone hypersecretion. This condition is mainly manifested clinically by: systemic arterial hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Biological hypertension behavior is generally severe and refractory to the usual antihypertensive medication and it is the most frequent cause of secondary systemic arterial hypertension. Their biochemical characteristics are: plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) > 20 ng/dL, plasma renin activity (PRA) < 0.5 ng/mL/h, undetectable and/or low plasmatic renin concentration, and hypokalemia in 50% of the cases. Diagnosis is established when PAC/PRA ratio is ≥ 50. Location tests include: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aldosterone measurement in right and left adrenal veins with a gradient ≥ 4, confirming catheterization of adrenal veins with cortisol concentration ratio at least 5:1 in relation to inferior vena cava. It is preferred a surgical treatment with laparoscopy in most cases, though some physicians consider, depending on the tumor size, a pharmacological treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.


El hiperaldosteronismo primario es un conjunto de patologías que comparten la biosíntesis excesiva e hipersecreción sostenida y autónoma de aldosterona. Clínicamente se manifiesta principalmente por: hipertensión arterial sistémica, hipokalemia y alcalosis metabólica. La conducta biológica de la hipertensión generalmente es severa y refractaria a los antihipertensivos habituales. Es la causa más frecuente de hipertensión arterial sistémica secundaria. Sus características bioquímicas son: PAC > 20 ng/dL, PRA < 0.5 ng/mL/h, concentración de renina plasmática indetectable y/o baja e hipokalemia en el 50% de los casos. El diagnóstico se establece cuando el cociente PAC/PRA ≥ 50. Los estudios de localización son: tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética y la concentración de aldosterona en las venas adrenales derecha e izquierda con gradiente ≥ 4 habiendo confirmado la correcta cateterización con la concentración de cortisol en venas adrenales y en vena cava inferior con proporción mínima de 5:1. Su tratamiento es quirúrgico, preferentemente a través de laparoscopía, aunque otros consideran que, según las dimensiones del tumor, puede ser mediante laparotomía para una minoría de casos. El tratamiento farmacológico es con antagonistas de los receptores de mineralocorticoides.

5.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 25(3)sept.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-61773

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial de causa adrenal asociada al embarazo es infrecuente. Su presencia genera una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal. Los cambios de la fisiología endocrina que acontecen en esta etapa, modifican el cuadro clínico y bioquímico de las enfermedades adrenales causantes de hipertensión. El objetivo de esta revisión es brindar información actualizada sobre el hipercortisolismo endógeno, el aldosteronismo primario y el feocromocitoma en la gestación -a los profesionales de la salud vinculados con la atención a embarazadas- que les permita diagnosticar y tratarlas temprana y adecuadamente mediante la aplicación del método clínico. Se revisa la literatura y se exponen los avances médicos en el tema(AU)


Blood hypertension of adrenal origin associated to pregnancy is unfrequent and generates high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Changes in the endocrine physiology during this phase modify the clinical and biochemical picture of hypertension-causing adrenal diseases. The objective of this review was to provide health professionals in charge of pregnancy care with updated information on endogenous hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. This will allow them to diagnose and treat this disorder early and adequately by means of the clinical method. Relevant literature was reviewed and the latest medical advances in this field were presented(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/complications , Hyperaldosteronism/complications , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/etiology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications , Pregnancy Complications/etiology
6.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 25(3): 259-270, sep.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-737001

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial de causa adrenal asociada al embarazo es infrecuente. Su presencia genera una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal. Los cambios de la fisiología endocrina que acontecen en esta etapa, modifican el cuadro clínico y bioquímico de las enfermedades adrenales causantes de hipertensión. El objetivo de esta revisión es brindar información actualizada sobre el hipercortisolismo endógeno, el aldosteronismo primario y el feocromocitoma en la gestación -a los profesionales de la salud vinculados con la atención a embarazadas- que les permita diagnosticar y tratarlas temprana y adecuadamente mediante la aplicación del método clínico. Se revisa la literatura y se exponen los avances médicos en el tema(AU)


Blood hypertension of adrenal origin associated to pregnancy is unfrequent and generates high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Changes in the endocrine physiology during this phase modify the clinical and biochemical picture of hypertension-causing adrenal diseases. The objective of this review was to provide health professionals in charge of pregnancy care with updated information on endogenous hypercortisolism, primary aldosteronism and pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. This will allow them to diagnose and treat this disorder early and adequately by means of the clinical method. Relevant literature was reviewed and the latest medical advances in this field were presented(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/complications , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/etiology , Hyperaldosteronism/complications , Review Literature as Topic
7.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 48(1): 32-36, jan.-mar. 2004. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-877626

ABSTRACT

Paciente feminina, 59 anos, branca, hipertensa há 20 anos, apresentou hipertensão grave e hipocalemia. Hiperaldosteronismo primário (HAP) foi comprovado após triagem laboratorial, que indicou aldosterona plasmática elevada e renina plasmática baixa. A tomografia computadorizada de abdômen superior detectou a presença de uma massa na glândula adrenal direita. A paciente foi submetida à adrenalectomia por videolaparoscopia. Após a cirurgia, a hipertensão persistiu mas foi controlada com uso de drogas antihipertensivas. HAP é uma das formas mais comuns de hipertensão secundária. Pode ser causada por adenoma produtor de aldosterona (APA) ou hiperplasia adrenal bilateral (HAB). A doença é caracterizada principalmente por retenção de sódio, supressão da atividade da renina plasmática e aumento da secreção de aldosterona. O "padrão-ouro" para confirmar o diagnóstico de HAP é a ausência da supressão de aldosterona em resposta à fludrocortisona e/ou à dieta hipersódica. O cateterismo das veias adrenais é o melhor método para diferenciar APA de HAB, uma vez que a presença de uma massa adrenal unilateral nos estudos por imagem não garante o diagnóstico de APA. O tratamento para APA é a adrenalectomia unilateral, que pode ser realizada por videolaparoscopia ou por cirurgia aberta (AU)


A 59-year-old female white patient, hipertensive for 20 years, presented severe hipertension and hipokalemia. Primary hiperaldosteronism (PHA) was confirmed after laboratory screening, which indicated high plasmatic aldosterone and low plasmatic renin. Computerized tomography (CT) of the upper abdomen detected the presence of a mass in the right adrenal gland. The patient underwent a videolaparoscopic adrenalectomy. After surgery, hypertension persisted but was controled by use of anti-hypertensive drugs. PHA is one of the most common forms of secondary hypertension. It can be caused by aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). The disease is characterized mainly by sodium retention, supression of plasma renin activity and increased aldosterone secretion. The "gold-standard" to the diagnosis of PHA is the absence of aldosterone supression in response to fludrocortisone and/or high sodium diet. The catheterism of adrenal veins is the best method to differentiate APA from BAH since the presence of a unilateral adrenal mass as confirmed by imaging studies does not warrant the diagnosis of APA. The treatment of APA is unilateral adrenalectomy, which can be performed by videolaparoscopy or open surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hyperaldosteronism/physiopathology , Hyperaldosteronism/diagnosis , Hyperaldosteronism/therapy
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