Digestible protein requirement for Nile tilapia fed with rations based on soybean meal and corn / Exigência de proteína digestível para tilápias do Nilo alimentadascom rações à base de farelo de soja e milho

The objective was to determine the requirement of digestible protein (DP) for Nile tilapia fed with diets based on soybean meal and corn. Two hundred Nile tilapia juveniles, sexually reversed, were used for a trial period of 100 days. The animals were distributed in 20 boxes of 1000 L-1 in a random design with five treatments and four replications, the boxes were connected to a water recirculation system. Five isoenergetic diets were tested with different levels of digestible protein (DP): 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40%. At the end of the experimental period were evaluated the zootechnical performance data. A quadratic effect (p 0.05) was shown to parameters of final weight, weight gain, final length, fillet yield and visceral fat with the best points that ranged from 28.3 to 29.9% of DP. The largest area of hepatocytes was found to the lowest levels of DP in the diet (20 and 25%) compared to the other levels, which were similar. Thus, Nile tilapia has adequate performance for the consumption of diets based on soybean and corn meal and the recommended level is 28.3% of PD in these conditions.

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência de proteína digestível (PD) para a tilápia do Nilo, alimentada com dietas à base de farelo de soja e milho. Duzentos juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (32,80 ± 0,39 g), sexualmente revertidos, foram utilizados por um período experimental de 100 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em 20 caixas de 1000L-1 em delineamento aleatório com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. As caixas eram ligadas a um sistema de recirculação de água. Foram testadas cinco dietas isoenergéticas com diferentes níveis de PD: 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40%. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados os dados de desempenho zootécnico. Um efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) foi mostrado aos parâmetros de peso final, ganho em peso, comprimento final, rendimento de filé e de gordura visceral com os melhores pontos que variaram de 28,3 a 29,9% de PD. A maior área dos hepatócitos foi encontrada para os níveis mais baixos de PD na dieta (20 e 25%), em comparação com os outros níveis, que foram semelhantes. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a tilápia do Nilo tem desempenho adequado para o consumo de dietas baseadas em farelo de soja e milho e o nível recomendado é de 28,3% PD nestas condições.

Digestible protein requirement for Nile tilapia fed with rations based on soybean meal and corn / Exigência de proteína digestível para tilápias do Nilo alimentadascom rações à base de farelo de soja e milho

The objective was to determine the requirement of digestible protein (DP) for Nile tilapia fed with diets based on soybean meal and corn. Two hundred Nile tilapia juveniles, sexually reversed, were used for a trial period of 100 days. The animals were distributed in 20 boxes of 1000 L-1 in a random design with five treatments and four replications, the boxes were connected to a water recirculation system. Five isoenergetic diets were tested with different levels of digestible protein (DP): 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40%. At the end of the experimental period were evaluated the zootechnical performance data. A quadratic effect (p 0.05) was shown to parameters of final weight, weight gain, final length, fillet yield and visceral fat with the best points that ranged from 28.3 to 29.9% of DP. The largest area of hepatocytes was found to the lowest levels of DP in the diet (20 and 25%) compared to the other levels, which were similar. Thus, Nile tilapia has adequate performance for the consumption of diets based on soybean and corn meal and the recommended level is 28.3% of PD in these conditions.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a exigência de proteína digestível (PD) para a tilápia do Nilo, alimentada com dietas à base de farelo de soja e milho. Duzentos juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (32,80 ± 0,39 g), sexualmente revertidos, foram utilizados por um período experimental de 100 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em 20 caixas de 1000L-1 em delineamento aleatório com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. As caixas eram ligadas a um sistema de recirculação de água. Foram testadas cinco dietas isoenergéticas com diferentes níveis de PD: 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40%. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados os dados de desempenho zootécnico. Um efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) foi mostrado aos parâmetros de peso final, ganho em peso, comprimento final, rendimento de filé e de gordura visceral com os melhores pontos que variaram de 28,3 a 29,9% de PD. A maior área dos hepatócitos foi encontrada para os níveis mais baixos de PD na dieta (20 e 25%), em comparação com os outros níveis, que foram semelhantes. Assim, pode-se afirmar que a tilápia do Nilo tem desempenho adequado para o consumo de dietas baseadas em farelo de soja e milho e o nível recomendado é de 28,3% PD nestas condições.(AU)

Alterações pós-colheita em raízes de mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft): atividade enzimática, identificação de contaminante e caracterização parcial do amido / Alterations after harvest in peruvian carotovora (arracacia santhorrhiza bancroft) roots: enzymatic activity, pollutant identification and partial characterization of the starch

Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos verificar as alterções na atividade de enzimas amilolíticas, pectinolíticas e celulásicas em raízes de mandioquinha-salsa durante o período pós-colheita, sob diferentes condições de armazenamento, visando avaliar os mecanismos de deterioração das raízes, bem como identificar o microrganismo possivelmente responsável pela alta perecibilidade das raízes. Além disso, foram estudadas características físico-químicas e reológicas do amido de mandioquinha extraído em laboratório. Para a detecção de atividade pectinesterásica (PE) e poligalacturonásica (PG) nas raízes, os parâmetros de extração destas enzimas foram otimizados através de metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR)...

The aim of this work was to verify the changes in amylolytic, pectinolytic and cellulasic activity in Peruvian carrot roots after harvest, under different storage conditions, in order to evaluate the deteriorative mechanisms of the roots, as well as to identify the microorganism possible responsible to its low conservation time. In addition, physico-chemical and rheological characteristics of Peruvian carrot starch were studied. For pectinesterase (PE) and poligalacturonase (PG) detection on the roots, the extraction parameters of both enzymes were optimized by response surface methodology. The enzymes presented the optimum pH values at 7.5 and 4.0 for PE and PG, respectively. Extraction time and NaCI concentration were considered non-significant by the model. Pectic enzymes seams to be related to the deterioration process of Peruvian carrot, that is associated to the root softening. Considering the high volume of gas under specific packing and temperature, the presence of microorganisms soft rot promoters could be the main cause of the high perecibility of the roots. The amylolytic enzymes present an important role on Peruvian carrot deterioration related to the starch hydrolysis and the releasing of reducing sugars, substrate for opportunistic microorganisms. The cellulasic activity was not significant during storage time. Best conditions for roots conservation occurred at 4°C and under vacuum package. The bacteria isolated from the roots were identified by biochemical reactions as Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera. Peruvian carrot...

Efeitos dos triterpenóides ácidos oleanólico e ursólico em ratos F344 submetidos ao modelo de hepatocarcinogênese do ®hepatócito resistente¼ / Effects of the triterpenoids oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in rat F344 submitted to the resistant hepatocyte model of hepatocarcinogenesis

Avaliou-se os efeitos dos ácidos oleanólico (AO) e ursólico (AU), triterpenóides presentes em alimentos vegetais e especiarias, quando administrados a ratos F344 durante as etapas de iniciação e seleção/promoção do modelo de hepatocarcinogênese do ®hepatócito resistente¼ (RH). Os ratos receberam durante 8 semanas, por entubação gástrica e dissolvido em óleo de milho (OM): AO ou AU (8 mg/100 g de peso corpóreo [p.c]). Os grupos controle receberam apenas OM (0,25 mL/100 g de p.c; grupo OM), ou água (0,25 mL/100 g de p.c; grupo Água). O grupo Normal não recebeu qualquer tratamento. O agente iniciante foi uma dose de dietilnitrosamina (DEN, 20 mg/100 g de p.c.). Após 2 semanas de entubação, aplicou-se 3 doses diárias consecutivas de 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2-AAF)(2 mg/100 g de p.c.) e fez-se uma hepatectomia parcial a 70 por cento, acrescida de 1 dose de 2-AAF (0,5 mg/100 g de p.c.) 4 dias após a cirurgia...

It was evaluated the effects of the oleanólico acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA), triterpenoids present in vegetable foods and spices, when administered to rat F344 during the initiation and selection/promotion stages of the resistant hepatocyte model of hepatocarcinogenesis RH. The rat received for 8 weeks, by gavage and dissolved in com oil (CO): OA or UA (8 mg/100 g of body weight [b.w.]). The control groups just received CO (0,25 mL/100 g b.w.; CO group), or water (0,25 mL/100 g b.w.; group Water). Normal group did not receive any treatment type. The initiation agent was dietilnitrosamine (DEN, 20 mg/100 g b.w.). 2 weeks after gavage, it was applied 3 consecutive doses of 2-acetilaminofluoreno (2-AAF) (2 mg/100 g of b.w.) and it was made a 70% partial hepatectomy, added of 1 dose of 2-AAF (0,5 mg/100 9 b.w.) 4 days after the surgery. In 6 weeks after the initiation, the animals were sacrificed. Results: the macroscopic analysis demonstrated that OA did not alter and UA tended to increase the number of hepatocytes nodules, compared to the CO group. The morphometric analysis of the pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) positive for glutatione S-transferase placentary form (GST-p), demonstrated that OA and UA did not alter the medium number of persistent LPN, however they reduced the medium number of remodeling LPN, compared to the OM group (p <0,05). OA and UA did not alter the medium area of persistent LPN, but they reduced the medium area of remodeling LPN, compared to the CO group (p <0,05). The triterpenoids did not alter the occupied area of the section for persistent LPN, but they reduced the occupied area cut for remodeling LPN, compared to the CO group (p <0,05). The Water, OM and AU groups showed increase in the plasmatic concentration of cholesterol, compared to the Normal group. OA promoted increase of the expression of the gene that codifies for the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, compared to the Normal group (p <0,05), and AU promoted increase expression when compared to the Normal, Water, OM and AU groups (p <0,05). OA and UA did not alter the indexes of cellular proliferation (imunoistochemistry for bromodeoxiuridine [BrdU)) in persistent LPN. AU promoted increase (p <0,05) in the cellular proliferation in remodeling LPN when compared to the CO group. OA and UA did not alter the apoptosis in persistent LPN, but they increased the medium number of apoptotics bodies in remodeling LPN (p <0,05). The Adjusted Index Growth (cellular apoptosis/proliferation) of the groups demonstrated that, in persistent LPN, the cellular proliferation has predominance on the apoptosis. In remodeling LPN, the apoptosis has preponderance over the cellular proliferation. The damages in hepatic DNA (method of the "comet") were larger in the group OA (p <0,05) and AU (p <0,061), compared to the CO group. The analysis for imunoblot revealed that the RH model increased the expression and the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor (p <0,05). OA and UA increased the expression and the activation of NF-κB, compared to the CO group (p> 0,05). It was...