Amyand's hernia, case report and review of current literature

ABSTRACT Introduction: Amyand's hernia (appendix trapped within an inguinal hernia) is a rare clinical condition that groups two common surgical diseases: acute appendicitis and inguinal hernia. Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult, so it should be considered in cases of inguinal hernia before an inflammatory process occurs in the appendix to avoid complications. Although there is no consensus on its treatment, current classifications serve as a guide for a timely surgical resolution. Case presentation: A 57-year-old male patient from the southern coast of Ecuador consulted the emergency department of a secondary level health care institution due to a 24-hour history of painful and irreducible mass in the right inguinal region associated with hyporexia. The patient was diagnosed with incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent a right inguinal hernioplasty, during which the appendix and cecum were found inside the hernia sac. Hernioplasty and appendectomy were performed using the Lichtenstein technique. The patient was discharged in good conditions and did not have any complications at 8- and 15-day follow-up. Conclusions: Amyand's hernia is increasingly reported. It is difficult to diagnose preoperatively due to its nonspecific symptoms. When suspected, imaging studies help its visualization and guide an individualized and early treatment, together with the current classifications of this type of hernias.

RESUMEN Introducción. La hernia de Amyand es una condición clínica infrecuente que agrupa a dos patologías quirúrgicas habituales: apendicitis aguda y hernia inguinal; en esta entidad el apéndice vermiforme se encuentra en el interior del saco de una hernia inguinal. Su diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil, por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta en casos de hernia inguinal antes de que se presente un proceso inflamatorio, el cual puede traer más complicaciones; además, aunque no existe un consenso para el manejo según las clasificaciones actuales, estas sirven de guía para una resolución quirúrgica oportuna. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 57 años procedente de la costa sur de Ecuador, quien consultó al servicio de emergencias de una institución de segundo nivel de atención por un cuadro clínico de 24 horas de evolución que inició con la aparición de una masa dolorosa e irreductible en la región inguinal derecha asociada a hiporexia. El paciente fue diagnosticado con hernia inguinal incarcerada y se le practicó una hernioplastia inguinal derecha en la que se encontró el apéndice y el ciego dentro del saco herniario; durante este procedimiento también se realizó apendicectomía y hernioplastia con técnica de Lichtenstein. El paciente fue dado de alta en buenas condiciones y en controles posteriores, a los 8 y 15 días de la cirugía, no presentó complicaciones. Conclusiones. La hernia de Amyand es una entidad cada vez más frecuente que tiene un difícil diagnóstico preoperatorio debido a su cuadro clínico inespecífico. Ante la sospecha de esta patología se deben realizar estudios de imagenología que ayuden a su visualización y orienten, junto con las clasificaciones actuales de este tipo de hernias, un manejo individualizado y temprano.

Bilateral congenital inguinal hernia with right-sided Amyand's hernia in a premature twin: Case report and a summary of clinical presentations, management and outcomes in neonates and infants with Amyand's hernia.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Congenital hernias occur 70% on the right side, 25% on the left side, and approximately 5% bilaterally. The finding of a congenital Amyand's hernia is of interest, especially in patients who do not present risk factors associated with connective tissue disorders, ascitic conditions, fetal developmental disorders or any condition that increases abdominal pressure. CASE PRESENTATION: Male patient, 6 months old, was brought to the pediatric surgery department due to a visible mass in the bilateral inguinal region, which protruded with crying. The parents report that he was a 36-week preterm, low birth weight, monochorionic monoamniotic twin with bilateral congenital inguinal hernia. An open herniorrhaphy was performed, showing a left communicating hydrocele with an indirect left inguinal hernia and right communicating hydrocele with indirect inguinal hernia containing cecal appendix with no signs of inflammation. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The most common clinical presentation is the presence of a reducible or irreducible mass, erythema and/or inguino-scrotal edema, irritability manifested by crying and recurrent pain in older infants. This condition may be associated with cryptorchidism, intrauterine structural developmental disorder, and the presence of fistulas. Appendectomy and traditional hernia reduction are the most common surgical approach. The evolution of this condition is favorable with extremely low complication rates. CONCLUSION: Amyand's hernia in the neonate is a rare presenting condition, which frequently involves nearby structures with risk of inflammation, incarceration and perforation, so repair should be performed early.

Amyand's hernia during laparoscopy hernioplasty. Case eport

Amyand's hernia refers to a rare occurrence in which the vermiform appendix, either inflamed or normal, happens to be found in an inguinal hernia sac. Due to its rarity and unspecific clinical evidence, it is most commonly presented as an intra-operative finding. A laparoscopic approach becomes both a way to confirm the diagnosis and a therapeutic tool. Case report: We hereby report a case of a 62-year-old patient presenting with an asymptomatic bilateral inguinal hernia, previously treated on his right side in 2011 with an open approach. The elective laparoscopic surgery, during the right groin exploration, revealed a vermiform appendix, with no signs of inflammation, within the hernia sac. . A prosthetic laparoscopic hernioplasty without appendicectomy was performed and both early outpatient follow-up and 30-day outcome demonstrated excellent recovery. Conclusions: Appendicectomy, when necessary, and primary hernia repair at the same time can be safely performed by laparoscopy which may be considered an advantageous management giving its role in diagnosing, in confirming an Amyand's hernia, in exploring the abdominal cavity and in being a therapeutic tool at the same time(AU)

La hernia de Amyand se refiere a una ocurrencia rara en la que el apéndice vermiforme, ya sea inflamado o normal, se encuentra dentro de un saco inguinal herniario. Debido a su rareza y evidencia clínica inespecífica, se presenta más comúnmente como un hallazgo intraoperatorio. Un abordaje laparoscópico se convierte tanto en una forma de confirmar el diagnóstico como en una herramienta terapéutica. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso de un paciente de 62 años que presenta una hernia inguinal bilateral asintomática, previamente tratada en su lado derecho en 2011 con un abordaje convencional abierto. La cirugía laparoscópica electiva, durante la exploración de la ingle derecha, reveló un apéndice vermiforme, sin signos de inflamación, dentro del saco de la hernia. Se realizó una hernioplastia laparoscópica protésica sin apendicectomía y tanto el seguimiento ambulatorio temprano como el resultado a 30 días demostraron una excelente recuperación. Conclusión: La apendicectomía, cuando es necesario, y la reparación de la hernia primaria al mismo tiempo se pueden realizar de forma segura por laparoscopia que puede considerarse una gestión ventajosa dando su papel en el diagnóstico, en la confirmación de una hernia de Amyand, explorando la cavidad abdominal y siendo una herramienta terapéutica al mismo tiempo(AU)

Type 2 myocardial infarction in a patient with acute abdomen due to an incarcerated Amyand's Hernia.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 myocardial infarction (MIT2) is characterized by higher mortality rates compared to conventional type 1 infarction according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2018. The purpose of this case is to identify appropriate therapeutic measures. A case of an Amyand's Hernia that produced an MIT2 is described in this work. CASE REPORT: A 77-year-old male was admitted to our emergency department for acute abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant associated with the presence of an ipsilateral inguinal hernia with signs of peritoneal irritation, while complaining of chest pain. A positive troponin indicated the presence of myocardial infarction. A laparotomy was performed with the finding of an incarcerated right inguino-scrotal hernia that contained the gangrenous and perforated cecal appendix (Amyand hernia type 3). The treatment consisted of surgical correction of the hernia, an appendectomy, antibiotics and support in the intensive care unit with a positive outcome. The diagnosis of Amyand hernia type 3 was established intraoperatively, and by imaging, confirming the presence of an MIT2 according to the criteria of the fourth definition of ECS infarction. CONCLUSION: In the surgical environment it is strange to find patients who present with acute abdominal pain and a myocardial infarction at the same time. It is necessary for the consultant to recognize these two entities to make a correct diagnosis and provide timely treatment to reduce any possibility of patient mortality.

Emergent groin hernia repair at a County Hospital in Guatemala: patient-related issues vs. health care system limitations.

BACKGROUND: The rate of emergent groin hernia repair in developing countries is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of groin hernia repairs performed at a county hospital in Guatemala [Hospital Nacional de San Benito (HSNB)] was undertaken and compared to a literature review in developed countries. Patients with incarcerated hernias were interviewed to determine factors related to late presentation. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of patients with groin hernias in this analysis presented at HNSB emergently (vs. 2.5-7.7% in developed countries). Most patients were male in their fifth decade of life. Ten percent of hernias were femoral. There was no delay in scheduling patients for surgery presenting for elective repair. Most patients lived within 20 miles of the hospital, but only 50% of patients returned for their follow-up appointment. Most patients with an incarcerated inguinal hernia (56%) did not seek medical attention because of family obligations, but when they did, this decision was influence by their children (66%). None of the patients presenting with an incarcerated hernia had education past secondary school. In fact, most (56%) did not have any form formal education. Nearly 90% of patients who had an incarcerated hernia repaired thought that the hospital provided good-to-excellent care. CONCLUSION: A high number of patients present emergently for groin hernia repair at a county hospital in Guatemala compared to developed countries. Our data suggest that emergent hernias are likely the result of patient-related issues rather than health care system limitations.

Las hernias de Amyand y Garengeot como expresión del apéndice cecal en la región inguinofemoral / Amyand's Hernia and Garengeot's Hernia as Onset Manifestations of Cecal Appendix in the Inguinofemoral Region

RESUMEN La reparación de la hernia en la región inguinocrural es una de las operaciones más frecuentes en la práctica quirúrgica. Pueden encontrarse hallazgos inusuales, como el apéndice cecal parcial o completamente contenido en el saco herniario, lo que se denomina hernias de Amyand y Garengeot. Se presentan en aproximadamente el 1 por ciento de los pacientes con hernia inguinocrural, mientras que representan cerca del 0,1 por ciento de los casos de apendicitis. Clínicamente se presentan como una hernia inguinocrural incarcerada, y la ecografía o la tomografía axial computarizada pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico preoperatorio. El estado del apéndice cecal determina el acceso quirúrgico y el tipo de reparación herniaria. El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar un material de apoyo a los profesionales implicados en la atención de estas raras entidades quirúrgicas(AU)

ABSTRACT Hernia repair in the inguinocrural region is one of the most frequent interventions in the surgical practice. Unusual findings can be found, such as the cecal appendix partially or completely contained within the hernial sac, called Amyand and Garengeot hernias. They occur in approximately 1 percent of patients with inguinocrural hernia, while they represent about 0.1 percent of the cases of appendicitis. Clinically, they present as an incarcerated inguinocrural hernia; ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) can assist in the preoperative diagnosis. The state of the cecal appendix determines surgical access and type of hernia repair. The objective of this article is to develop a support material for the professionals involved in the care of these rare surgical entities(AU)

Hernia de Amyand / Amyand’s hernia

La presencia del apéndice cecal en el saco de una hernia inguinal se denomina hernia de Amyand1,2. Su incidencia varía ‒según distintos autores‒ del 0,13% al 1,7%. Es una rara patología que se diagnostica intraoperatoriamente, ya que su diagnóstico preoperatorio es excepcional. No obstante, en citas bibliográficas se han descripto pocos casos de diagnóstico intraoperatorio, por lo que es importante tener la sospecha clínica en hernias incarceradas de cara al diagnóstico diferencial y a valorar la solicitud de estudios diagnóstico. Su tratamiento es la apendicectomía o reducción del apéndice cecal a la cavidad abdominal asociada a herniorrafia o hernioplastia³.

Amyand’s hernia is defined as an inguinal hernia containing the vermiform appendix1,2. This rare condition, with an incidence between 0.13% and 1.7%, is diagnosed during surgery, as the preoperative diagnosis is exceptional. Few cases of intraoperative diagnosis have been described in the literature. The diagnosis should be suspected in cases of incarcerated hernias so as to order the specific tests. The surgical management includes appendectomy or appendix reduction to the abdominal cavity associated to mesh repair or primary hernia repair without mesh³.

Hernia de Amyand: presentación de un caso / Amyand hernia. Case report / Hérnia de Amyand. apresentação de um caso

RESUMEN La hernia inguinal es la protrusión de un órgano o fascia a través de la pared de la cavidad que lo contiene y es una de las situaciones más frecuentes que debe enfrentar el cirujano. Por lo general, el contenido de las hernias es epiplón o intestino delgado, pero ocasionalmente se puede observar el apéndice cecal, condición que se denomina "Hernia de Amyand". Esta es una situación infrecuente y de difícil diagnóstico, que generalmente se hace durante la intervención quirúrgica. Se presenta el caso de una hernia de Amyand en un hombre de 40 años que consultó por un cuadro de 10 horas de dolor en la región inguinal derecha, con masa palpable, dolorosa e irreductible; en la cirugía se encontró una hernia que contenía epiplón y el apéndice cecal con cambios inflamatorios. Se hicieron apendicectomía y hernioplastia inguinal por vía preperitoneal con aplicación de malla. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias y la evolución fue satisfactoria.

SUMMARY Inguinal hernia is the protrusion of an organ or fascia through the wall of the cavity that contains it. It is one of the most frequent situations that surgeons must face. Typically, the content of herniary sac is omentum or small bowel, but occasionally it includes the cecal appendix, a condition called "Amyand hernia". Diagnosis is usually established during surgical intervention. We present the case of an Amyand hernia in a 40 year-old male, who consulted by pain in the right inguinal region, lasting 10 hours. On physical examination a palpable, painful and irreducible mass was found. During surgery, the sac was observed to contain omentum and the cecal appendix, the latter with inflammatory changes. Pre-peritoneal inguinal hernia repair with application of a mesh was performed. No intra-operatory complications occurred and the outcome was satisfactory.

RESUMO A hérnia inguinal é a protrusão de um órgão ou fáscia através da parede da cavidade que os contém e é um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mais frequentes aos que vai enfrentar o cirurgião. Comumente o conteúdo das hérnias é Epiplon ou intestino delgado e em poucas ocasiões se pode observar a apêndice cecal, condição que se denomina "Hérnia de Amyand". Esta é uma situação pouco frequente e de difícil diagnóstico, que geralmente se diagnostica durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Se apresentou o caso de uma hérnia de Amyand em um paciente masculino de 40 anos de idade que consultou por quadro de 10 horas de dor na região inguinal direita, com massa palpável, dolorosa e irredutível; foi levado a cirurgia e foi durante a qual se encontrou uma hérnia com conteúdo de Epiplon e apêndice cecal com câmbios inflamatórios, se realizou apendicectomia e hernioplastia inguinal por via pré-peritoneal com aplicação de malha. Não se apresentaram complicações intraoperatórias e a evolução foi satisfatória.

Hernia de Amyand. Reporte de caso / Amyand's hernia. Case report

La incidencia de la hernia de Amyand es muy baja. Siempre es diagnosticada en el transoperatorio, resulta casi imposible de realizar durante el pre-operatorio. Paciente femenina de 75 años de edad, con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante. Comenzó con dolor en epigastrio y en región inguinal derecha, además de náuseas y vómitos. Se identificó cicatriz quirúrgica y aumento de volumen en región inguinal derecha. Se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico clínico de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante encarcelada. Durante el acto operatorio se identificó apendicitis aguda supurada como contenido del saco herniario inguinal. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia, en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, y colocó la malla de polipropilenoe. Se aplicó antibióticos de amplio espectro. La paciente evolucionó de forma favorable. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico. El siguiente caso se presentó, pues a pesar de ser conocido, su incidencia es muy baja, por lo que existen dificultades para su diagnóstico (AU).

The incidence of Amyand's hernia is very low. It is always diagnosed in the trans-operatory period, being almost impossible during the pre-operatory period. This is the case of a female patient, aged 75 years, with antecedents of recidivist right inguinal hernia. It began with pain in epigastrium and in the right inguinal region in addition to nausea and vomits. Surgical scar and volume increase in the right inguinal region were identified. It was decided to make a surgery with the clinical diagnosis of incarcerated recidivist right inguinal hernia. During the surgery an acute suppurated appendicitis was identified as the content of the inguinal hernial sac. The appendectomy was carried out and hernia was repaired in the same surgical time; a polypropylene mesh was placed. Broad spectrum antibiotics were applied. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The case was presented because despite of being known, its incidence is very low, so there are difficulties for diagnosing it (AU).

Hernia de Amyand. Reporte de caso / Amyand's hernia. Case report

La incidencia de la hernia de Amyand es muy baja. Siempre es diagnosticada en el transoperatorio, resulta casi imposible de realizar durante el pre-operatorio. Paciente femenina de 75 años de edad, con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante. Comenzó con dolor en epigastrio y en región inguinal derecha, además de náuseas y vómitos. Se identificó cicatriz quirúrgica y aumento de volumen en región inguinal derecha. Se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico clínico de hernia inguinal derecha recidivante encarcelada. Durante el acto operatorio se identificó apendicitis aguda supurada como contenido del saco herniario inguinal. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia, en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, y colocó la malla de polipropilenoe. Se aplicó antibióticos de amplio espectro. La paciente evolucionó de forma favorable. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico. El siguiente caso se presentó, pues a pesar de ser conocido, su incidencia es muy baja, por lo que existen dificultades para su diagnóstico (AU).

The incidence of Amyand's hernia is very low. It is always diagnosed in the trans-operatory period, being almost impossible during the pre-operatory period. This is the case of a female patient, aged 75 years, with antecedents of recidivist right inguinal hernia. It began with pain in epigastrium and in the right inguinal region in addition to nausea and vomits. Surgical scar and volume increase in the right inguinal region were identified. It was decided to make a surgery with the clinical diagnosis of incarcerated recidivist right inguinal hernia. During the surgery an acute suppurated appendicitis was identified as the content of the inguinal hernial sac. The appendectomy was carried out and hernia was repaired in the same surgical time; a polypropylene mesh was placed. Broad spectrum antibiotics were applied. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The case was presented because despite of being known, its incidence is very low, so there are difficulties for diagnosing it (AU).

[Amyand's hernia and complicated appendicitis; case presentation and surgical treatment choice]. / Hernia de Amyand y apendicitis complicada; presentación de un caso y elección de tratamiento quirúrgico.

BACKGROUND: A caecal appendix within an inguinal hernia, with or without appendicitis, is defined as Amyand's hernia. In 1% of inguinal hernias an appendix without inflammation can be found, however, the prevalence of appendicitis in a hernia sac is only 0.08-0.13%. CLINICAL CASE: Male of 43 years old, began two days before admission with pain in the right inguinal region. He was scheduled for surgery due to a complication of a right inguinal hernia. The surgical findings were Amyand's hernia, necrotic spermatic cord, and perforated appendix. Surgical repair was performed with a favourable outcome, and he was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. DISCUSSION: Most of Amyand's hernia exhibit characteristics of incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia. Even acute appendicitis or perforated appendix within the hernia sac does not reflect specific symptoms or signs, therefore, a preoperative clinical diagnosis of Amyand's hernia is difficult to achieve. In our case, the patient had perforated appendicitis, developing necrosis of the spermatic cord. Orchiectomy, appendectomy, and inguinal hernia repair was performed without placing mesh. Due to the controversy on the use of mesh in contaminated abdominal wall defects, it was not indicated here, due to the high risk of wound infection and appendicular fistula. CONCLUSION: An extremely rare condition is presented, with a surgical choice that led to a favourable outcome.

Hérnia de Amyand à Esquerda: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Amyand's Hernia: case report and literature review

Introdução: A presença de apêndice vermiforme no interior de um saco herniário na região inguinal foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1735, por Claudius Amyand. Desde então a "Hérnia de Amyand" tem sido relatada pela literatura mundial como evento raro, correspondente a cerca de 1% de todas as hernias. Seu aparecimento à esquerda é ainda mais raro, com apenas 5 casos descritos nos útlimos 25 anos. Métodos: Paciente masculino, 68 anos e 11 meses de idade, se apresenta na emergência com quadro de dor em região inguinal esquerda, sintomas de quadro suboclusivo e abaulamento em ambas regiões inguinais. No intra-operatório encontrado Hérnia de Amyand à Esquerda, e realizado orquiectomia e enterectomia segmentar em bloco por aderências encontradas pelo processo crônico. Reparo realizado com uso de Tela de Polipropileno. Alta no 7˚ P.O. sem complicações. Revisão da literatura através de pesquisa ao Medline. Discussão: Durante a revisão de literatura foram encontrados 5 casos descritos de Hérnia de Amyand à esquerda. Foram revisados também séries de casos e relatos com revisão de literatura. Em virtude do raro aparecimento desta hérnia, as condutas tomadas se baseiam na experiência do cirurgião e no achado intra-operatório. Existem na literatura artigos que podem servir como base de conduta através de uma tentativa de classificação das Hérnias de Amyand e padronização de terapêutica cirúrgica. Conclusão: Diante da heterogeneidade das condutas e a raridade do aparecimento deste tipo de hérnia é evidente a necessidade da realização de revisão sistemática para a busca de padronização principalmente da terapêutica cirúrgica.

Background: The presence of an vermiform appendix in a herniary sac on groin area was described for the first time in 1735, by Claudius Amyand. Since then, Amyand's Hernia has been described by the worldwide literature as a rare event, corresponding circa 1% of all hernias. Its appearance to the left is even rarer, with only 5 cases described in the past 25 years. Methods: Male patient, 68 years and 11 months old, comes to the emergency room presenting pain on the left groin area, suboclusive symptoms and lump on both groin areas. In the surgery was found left Amyand's Hernia, and procedure enbloc orchiectomy and segmentar enterectomy from adherences found by the chronic inflammatory process. Repair was made using the Polypropylene Mesh. End of treatment on the 7th P.O. without complications. Literature review through research to the Medline. Discussion: During the literature review there were found 5 cases described of left Amyand's Hernia. There were also reviewed series of cases and reports with the literature. Due to the rare appearance of this hernia, the conducts taken are based in the experience of the surgeon and in surgery founds. There papers in the literature that may serve as conduct base through a trial of classifying of the Amyand's Hernia and standard therapeutic surgery. Conclusion: Facing the heterogeneity of the conducts and rarity of the appearance of this sort of hernia it is evident the necessity of systematic review to find a standard, mainly for the surgery therapeutics.

Amyand hernia: Case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Amyand Hernia is a rare disease seen in approximately 1% of all hernias, complications of it, like acute appendicitis, or perforated appendicitis are even more rare, about 0.1%. Its diagnosis is very difficult in the pre-operative period; it is usually an incidental finding. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This paper describes the case of a forty-year-old male patient, which was presented to the outpatient clinic of surgery with an incarcerated right side inguinal hernia without any signs of ischemic complications. He was admitted, and an hernioplasty was performed, as an incidental finding we encountered an Amyand hernia treated without appendectomy and placement of a prosthetic mesh without any complications. DISCUSSION: This disease represents a very challenging diagnosis, seven years ago the standardization of management had already been established; in this case we encountered a type 1 Amyand's Hernia so we performed a standard tension free hernioplasty without complications. CONCLUSION: Amyand hernia is a rare condition, which represents two of the most common diseases a general surgeon has to face. Standardization of treatment is still ongoing and more prospective studies need to be done. This case demonstrates that this pathology must remain in the mind of the surgeons especially in the event of a strangulated hernia and offer a comprehensive review.

Hernia de Amyand en el lactante / Amyand's hernia in a nursing child

La presencia de un saco herniario inguinal ocupado por un apÚndice cecal inflamado es conocida en la literatura como hernia de Amyand. La descripción data del 1735 por Claudius Amyand, quien realiza la primera apendicetomía satisfactoria en un niño de 11 años. Su incidencia en la edad pediátrica es rara, y usualmente es diagnosticada en el curso de la evaluación de una hernia inguinal complicada. Se presenta un paciente de 7 meses de vida que recibió atención médica en nuestra institución, y se realizó, además, una revisión de la literatura en relación con esta entidad(AU)

The presence of an inguinal hernial sac occupied by an inflamed cecal appendix is known in scientific literature as Amyand's hernia. The description dates back to 1735 when Claudius Amyand performed the first satisfactory appendicectomy in a 11 years-old boy. The incidence of this disease is rare at pediatric ages and is usually diagnosed in the course of evaluation of a complicated inguinal hernia. This is a 7 months-old patient who was attended to and treated in our institution and additionally, a literature review on this entity was made(AU)

Reporte de un paciente con Hernia de Amyand / Report of a Patient with Amyand Hernia

La hernia de Amyand es un padecimiento muy raro, que se reconoce ante la presencia de apendicitis aguda dentro de un saco herniano. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es excepcional. El tratamiento recomendado es la apendicectomía y reparación de la hernia en el mismo tiempo operatorio. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 56 años de edad con antecedentes de hernia inguinal derecha desde hace 10 años que acudió con dolor abdominal relacionado con la presencia de esta, que se encontraba en esos momentos irreductible, el dolor se irradiaba a todo hemiabdomen inferior, con defensa muscular hacia fosa iliaca derecha. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica detectándose en el transoperatorio la presencia de epiplón y apéndice cecal edematoso dentro de saco herniano. Se procedió a la realización de la apendicetomía y reparación de la hernia inguinal en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico, se decidió la colocación de malla de Marlex. La evolución fue satisfactoria.

Amyand's Hernia is a very rare pathology that is recognized by the presence of inflamed appendix inside an inguinal hernia. The pre-operative diagnosis is exceptional. The recommended treatment is the appendectomy with herniotomy in the same operative time. A 56 -year- old male patient with history of right inguinal hernia of approximately 10 years of evolution was presented. He was attended because of abdominal pain related to the presence of an inflamed inguinal mass, non-reducible, associated to muscular defense to the right inguinal region. Surgical intervention was performed detecting the presence of epiplon and edematous vermiform appendix within the hernia sac. An Appendectomy and reparation of the inguinal hernia were done in the same surgical time, Marlex mesh was decided to use. The patient´s evolution was satisfactory.

Hernia de Amyand en el lactante / Amyand's hernia in a nursing child

La presencia de un saco herniario inguinal ocupado por un apéndice cecal inflamado es conocida en la literatura como hernia de Amyand. La descripción data del 1735 por Claudius Amyand, quien realiza la primera apendicetomía satisfactoria en un niño de 11 años. Su incidencia en la edad pediátrica es rara, y usualmente es diagnosticada en el curso de la evaluación de una hernia inguinal complicada. Se presenta un paciente de 7 meses de vida que recibió atención médica en nuestra institución, y se realizó, además, una revisión de la literatura en relación con esta entidad.

The presence of an inguinal hernial sac occupied by an inflamed cecal appendix is known in scientific literature as Amyand's hernia. The description dates back to 1735 when Claudius Amyand performed the first satisfactory appendicectomy in a 11 years-old boy. The incidence of this disease is rare at pediatric ages and is usually diagnosed in the course of evaluation of a complicated inguinal hernia. This is a 7 months-old patient who was attended to and treated in our institution and additionally, a literature review on this entity was made.

[Amyand's hernia: a report of two cases and review of the bibliography]. / Hernia de Amyand: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

BACKGROUND: Presence of the vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac is an uncommon finding (1%), exceptionally rare if it's inflamed (0.13%). Clinically simulating incarcerated inguinal hernia and proper preoperative diagnosis is exceptional. We present two unusual cases of Amyand's hernia, and review of the bibliography. CLINICAL CASES: 1. Male patient 78 year old with an incarcerated right inguinal hernia which was performed preoperatively the diagnosis of Amyand's hernia by abdominal Computed Tomography. Clinical case 2. Female patient 82 year old with symptoms of an incarcerated right femoral hernia that finally showed an Amyand's hernia through a right inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS: Amyand's hernia is a rare entity whose preoperative diagnosis is uncommon, that it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases with clinical signs of incarcerated right inguinal hernia.

Antecedentes: encontrar el apéndice vermiforme en un saco herniario inguinal es un hallazgo infrecuente (1%), excepcionalmente raro si está inflamado (0.13%). Clínicamente simula una hernia inguinal incarcerada y el diagnóstico preoperatorio adecuado se establece en contadas excepciones. Se reportan dos casos excepcionales de hernias de Amyand y se revisa la bibliografía. Casos clínicos: 1. Paciente masculino de 78 años con una hernia inguinal derecha, incarcerada, en el que el diagnóstico de hernia de Amyand se estableció antes de la cirugía mediante tomografía computada abdominal. Caso clínico 2. Paciente femenina de 82 años de edad, con clínica de hernia crural derecha incarcerada con una hernia de Amyand a través de una hernia inguinal derecha. Conclusiones: la hernia de Amyand es una rara enfermedad cuyo diagnóstico preoperatorio es infrecuente y que siempre debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial en los casos con signos clínicos de hernia inguinal derecha incarcerada.

Hérnia de Amyand: relato de caso / Amyand's hernia: a case report

Objetivo: relatar um caso de hérnia de Amyand ,corrigida ,cirurgicamente,na Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará(FSCMPA),em Belém/PA. Relato de Caso: paciente do sexo masculino,57 anos,com hérnia inguinal recidivada a direita. Considerações finais: o presente caso relata o ocorrência de hérnia inguinal direita contendo o apêndice cecal no interior de seu saco herniário durante a correção cirúrgica.

Objective: To report a case of hernia Amyand corrected surgically in the Holy House of Mercy Foundation of Pará (FSCMPA), in Belém / PA. Case Report: A male patient, 57 years with recurrent inguinal hernia right. Conclusion: This case reports the occurrence of right inguinal hernia containing the appendix inside the hernia sac during its surgical correction.

Hernia De Garengeot / De Garengeot hernia

Las hernias contenedoras del apéndice cecal constituyen una rareza en la práctica médica habitual. Descritas por De Garengeot y Amyand hace más de 250 años, sigue siendo sorprendente el hallazgo intraoperatorio de un saco herniario que contenga este órgano.Objetivo: describir un caso de hernia De Garengeot. Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 84 años que acudió a consulta de urgencias por presentar hernia crural irreductible y cuadro clínico sugestivo de oclusión intestinal mecánica. Intervención: se realizó laparotomía exploratoria. Durante el acto quirúrgico se encontró un tumor de la unión rectosigmoidea como causa de la oclusión intestinal y el apéndice vermiforme como contenido de la hernia crural. Se realizó apendicetomía, herniorrafia crural y transversostomía descompresiva en asa. Por las características de los canales inguinal y crural, la presencia del apéndice cecal en el interior de estos es infrecuente, por lo que el diagnóstico de este tipo de hernia es generalmente transoperatorio. Conclusiones: la hernia De Garengeot debe ser más comentada y difundida en los textos convencionales de cirugía por ser una afección bien descrita y tipificada en la historia de la cirugía moderna y que, igual que otros tipos de hernias, como la de Littré y Maydl, es una entidad poco frecuente; su diagnóstico tardío tiene un elevado riesgo para el paciente(AU)

The cecal appendix wrapper hernias are rare in medical practice. Described by De Garengeot and Amyand over 250 years ago, the intraoperative finding of a hernia sac containing this body is still surprising. Objective: to describe a case of De Garengeot hernia. Description: a case of an 84 year- old female patient, who came to the emergency room for consultation due to irreducible femoral hernia and a suggestive clinical condition of mechanical intestinal obstruction, is presented. Intervention: exploratory laparotomy was performed. During surgery a tumor in the rectosigmoid junction is found as a cause of intestinal obstruction and the vermiform appendix was found to be the content of this femoral hernia. Appendectomy and decompressive loop transversostomy are performed. Due to the characteristics of inguinal and femoral canals, the presence of the appendix within these canals is uncommon; that is why the diagnosis of this type of hernia is usually intraoperative. Conclusions: De Garengeot hernia should be more widely discussed in conventional surgery texts since it is a condition to be well described and typified in the history of modern surgery which, like other types of hernias, as Littre and Maydl, is a rare entity. Its late diagnosis is high risk to the patient(AU)

Hernia De Garengeot / De Garengeot hernia

Las hernias contenedoras del apéndice cecal constituyen una rareza en la práctica médica habitual. Descritas por De Garengeot y Amyand hace más de 250 años, sigue siendo sorprendente el hallazgo intraoperatorio de un saco herniario que contenga este órgano. Objetivo: describir un caso de hernia De Garengeot. Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 84 años que acudió a consulta de urgencias por presentar hernia crural irreductible y cuadro clínico sugestivo de oclusión intestinal mecánica. Intervención: se realizó laparotomía exploratoria. Durante el acto quirúrgico se encontró un tumor de la unión rectosigmoidea como causa de la oclusión intestinal y el apéndice vermiforme como contenido de la hernia crural. Se realizó apendicetomía, herniorrafia crural y transversostomía descompresiva en asa. Por las características de los canales inguinal y crural, la presencia del apéndice cecal en el interior de estos es infrecuente, por lo que el diagnóstico de este tipo de hernia es generalmente transoperatorio. Conclusiones: la hernia De Garengeot debe ser más comentada y difundida en los textos convencionales de cirugía por ser una afección bien descrita y tipificada en la historia de la cirugía moderna y que, igual que otros tipos de hernias, como la de Littré y Maydl, es una entidad poco frecuente; su diagnóstico tardío tiene un elevado riesgo para el paciente.

The cecal appendix wrapper hernias are rare in medical practice. Described by De Garengeot and Amyand over 250 years ago, the intraoperative finding of a hernia sac containing this body is still surprising. Objective: to describe a case of De Garengeot hernia. Description: a case of an 84 year- old female patient, who came to the emergency room for consultation due to irreducible femoral hernia and a suggestive clinical condition of mechanical intestinal obstruction, is presented. Intervention: exploratory laparotomy was performed. During surgery a tumor in the rectosigmoid junction is found as a cause of intestinal obstruction and the vermiform appendix was found to be the content of this femoral hernia. Appendectomy and decompressive loop transversostomy are performed. Due to the characteristics of inguinal and femoral canals, the presence of the appendix within these canals is uncommon; that is why the diagnosis of this type of hernia is usually intraoperative. Conclusions: De Garengeot hernia should be more widely discussed in conventional surgery texts since it is a condition to be well described and typified in the history of modern surgery which, like other types of hernias, as Littre and Maydl, is a rare entity. Its late diagnosis is high risk to the patient.