ABSTRACT
Huriini Simon, 1901 currently consists of six genera and 17 species, distributed exclusively in South America. In this work, the huriine genus Guriurius Marta, Bustamante, Ruiz & Rodrigues, gen. nov. is proposed with two new species herein described: Guriurius minuano Marta, Bustamante, Ruiz & Rodrigues, sp. nov. (type species) and Guriurius nancyae Marta, Bustamante, Ruiz & Rodrigues, sp. nov. The female of Atelurius segmentatus Simon, 1901 is described and illustrated for the first time. Scoturius dipterioides Perger & Rubio, 2018 is transferred to Atelurius Simon, 1901 due to the morphological similarity of copulatory ducts of epigyne, and Hurius pisac Galiano, 1985 is transferred to Simonurius Galiano, 1988 due to the similarities in body shape and female genitalia. Simonurius campestratus (Simon, 1901) is synonymized with Simonurius quadratarius (Simon, 1901). The interpretation of genitalic characters in Huriini is discussed. In addition, we provide new distributional records for Admesturius bitaeniatus (Simon, 1901), Ad. mariaeugeniae Bustamante & Scioscia, 2014, Ad. schajovskoyi Galiano, 1988, At. segmentatus Simon, 1901, Scoturius tigris Simon, 1901, Hurius aeneus (Mello-Leitão, 1941), and Simonurius gladifer (Simon, 1901). Except for Urupuyu Ruiz & Maddison, 2015, all huriine genera are rediagnosed in the new context of tribe and genus composition.
ABSTRACT
The systematics of sitticine jumping spiders is reviewed, with a focus on the Palearctic and Nearctic regions, in order to revise their generic classification, clarify the species of one region (Canada), and study their chromosomes. A genome-wide molecular phylogeny of 23 sitticine species, using more than 700 loci from the arachnid Ultra-Conserved Element (UCE) probeset, confirms the Neotropical origins of sitticines, whose basal divergence separates the new subtribeAillutticina (a group of five Neotropical genera) from the subtribe Sitticina (five genera of Eurasia and the Americas). The phylogeny shows that most Eurasian sitticines form a relatively recent and rapid radiation, which we unite into the genus Attulus Simon, 1868, consisting of the subgenera Sitticus Simon, 1901 (seven described species), Attulus (41 described species), and Sittilong Prószynski, 2017 (one species). Five species of Attulus occur natively in North America, presumably through dispersals back from the Eurasian radiation, but an additional three species were more recently introduced from Eurasia. Attus palustris Peckham & Peckham, 1883 is considered to be a full synonym of Euophrys floricola C. L. Koch, 1837 (not a distinct subspecies). Attus sylvestris Emerton, 1891 is removed from synonymy and recognized as a senior synonym of Sitticus magnus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944. Thus, the five native Attulus in North America are Attulus floricola, A. sylvestris, A. cutleri, A. striatus, and A. finschi. The other sitticines of Canada and the U.S.A. are placed in separate genera, all of which arose from a Neotropical radiation including Jollas Simon, 1901 and Tomis F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1901: (1) Attinella Banks, 1905 (A. dorsata, A. concolor, A. juniperi), (2) Tomis (T. welchi), and (3) Sittisax Prószynski, 2017 (S. ranieri). All Neotropical and Caribbean "Sitticus" are transferred to either Jollas (12 species total) or Tomis (14 species). Attinella (three species) and Tomis are both removed from synonymy with Sitticus; the synonymy of Sitticus cabellensis Prószynski, 1971 with Pseudattulus kratochvili Caporiacco, 1947 is restored; Pseudattulus Caporiacco, 1947 is synonymized with Tomis. Six generic names are newly synonymized with Attulus and one with Attinella. Two Neotropical species are described as new, Jollas cupreus sp. nov. and Tomis manabita sp. nov. Forty-six new combinations are established and three are restored. Three species synonymies are restored, one is new, and two are rejected. Across this diversity of species is a striking diversification of chromosome complements, with X-autosome fusions occurring at least four times to produce neo-Y sex chromosome systems (X1X2Y and X1X2X3Y), some of which (Sittisax ranieri and S. saxicola) are sufficiently derived as to no longer preserve the simple traces of ancestral X material. The correlated distribution of neo-Y and a base autosome number of 28 suggests that neo-Y origins occurred preferentially in lineages with the presence of an extra pair of autosomes.
ABSTRACT
Five new species of thiodinines are described: Atomosphyrus wandae sp. nov. (â, from state of Piauí, Brazil); Cyllodania marietae sp. nov. (ââ, from Ecuador); Tartamura turbo sp. nov. (ââ, from state of Pará, Brazil); Thiodina camilae sp. nov. (ââ, from the Dominican Republic); and Thiodina tyrioni sp. nov. (ââ, from Arizona, U.S.A.). New records of Thiodina firme Bustamante Ruiz, 2017, Tartamura adfectuosa (Galiano, 1977), T. agatelin Bustamante Ruiz, 2017 and T. huao Bustamante Ruiz, 2017 are provided.
Subject(s)
Spiders , AnimalsABSTRACT
Four new species of Mago O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 are described. Mago furcatus sp. nov. and Mago mimicus sp. nov. are described from Ecuador (Orellana and Napo provinces, respectively), both based only on the male holotypes. Both sexes of Mago pardo sp. nov. and the male of Mago apophysis sp. nov. are also described from the state of Pará, Brazil. A map with records of these species is given.
Subject(s)
Spiders , Animal Distribution , Animals , Brazil , Ecuador , Female , MaleABSTRACT
The jumping spider tribe Thiodinini is revised at generic level: diagnoses are proposed for all valid genera, based on the type species of each genus, and in some cases, on new species herein described. The tribe contains seven genera: Thiodina Simon, 1900; Cyllodania Simon, 1902; Hyetussa Simon, 1902; Atomosphyrus Simon, 1902; Arachnomura Mello-Leitão, 1917, Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 and the new genus Tartamura gen. nov. The following genera are synonymized: Micalula Strand, 1932 and Bredana Gertsch, 1936 with Hyetussa Simon, 1902; Agelista Simon, 1900 with Titanattus Peckham & Peckham, 1885. With this, the following new combinations are established: Hyetussa longithorax (Petrunkevitch, 1925) comb. nov. (this species with a neotype designation), from Micalula, and Hyetussa complicata (Gertsch, 1936) comb. nov. and Hyetussa alternata (Gertsch, 1936) comb. nov., both from Bredana. A transfer is proposed: Thiodina minuta comb. nov. (from Cyllodania). Twelve new species are described: Arachnomura querandi sp. nov.; Cyllodania trinidad sp. nov.; Cyllodania zoobotanica sp. nov.; Hyetussa sergipe sp. nov.; Hyetussa tremembe sp. nov.; Tartamura agatelin sp. nov.; Tartamura huao sp. nov.; Tartamura metzneri sp. nov.; Thiodina firme sp. nov.; Thiodina perian sp. nov.; Titanattus acanjuba sp. nov. and Titanattus euryphaessa sp. nov. Morphological traits and aspects of the phylogeny are discussed.
