ABSTRACT
The study aimed to investigate the effects of slaughter age and gender on specific carcass and technological meat quality characteristics in Anatolian water buffaloes. The study was conducted on 55 water buffaloes using a 2 × 2 factorial design with two independent variables at two levels. Gender subgroups of male (n = 29) and female (n = 26) and slaughter age subgroups of younger than 2 years of age (n = 29) and older than 2 years of age (n = 26) were evaluated. Hot carcass and cold carcass weights were higher in old water buffaloes than young ones (P < 0.001). The skin weight of old buffaloes was also higher than young buffaloes (P < 0.01). Drip loss, expressed juice, and Warner Bratzler (WB) shear force values of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were not influenced by age group and gender of buffaloes. The lightness (L*) and hue (H*) values were higher in young buffaloes than old animals (P < 0.001). The meat of male buffaloes had lower redness (a*) and chroma (C*) values than that of female buffaloes. The current results indicated that female water buffalo could also be used for meat production away from negative impressions on the meat quality of female water buffalo.
Subject(s)
Bison , Buffaloes , Animals , Female , Male , Meat/analysisABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the teat characteristics in relation to the animal temperament during milking in the Anatolian buffaloes using ultrasonographic, histomorphological and immunohistochemical methods. The teat canal length (TCL), teat wall thickness (TWT), teat cisternal diameter (TCD), teat diameter (TD), teat length (TL), and teat circumference (TC) values in docile (n = 5) and nervous (n = 7) buffaloes were measured at the 0th, 3rd and 6th minute of stimulation. In additional experiments, comparative histomorphology and immunohistochemical examinations of buffalo (n = 7) and cow teats (n = 8) were performed. It was determined that post-stimulation mean TCL values were significantly higher in nervous buffaloes than those of teats in docile buffaloes (p < .05). A significant positive correlation between TCD and TD, TL and TC in both docile and nervous buffaloes was noted (p < .05). Unlike nervous buffaloes where only 3/14 teat canals were open by 3rd minute of milking stimulation, almost all (9/10) teat canals were observed opened in docile buffaloes. There were fewer muscle but more collagen bundles in buffalo teats compared with cow teats. It seems that temperament of animal during milking effects the milking efficiency, and in nervous buffaloes, probably the stimulation alone may not be sufficient for opening of the teat canal and hence achieve complete milking.
Subject(s)
Buffaloes/anatomy & histology , Buffaloes/physiology , Mammary Glands, Animal/anatomy & histology , Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology , Temperament , Animals , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Dairying/methods , Female , Milk EjectionABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe the surface structure of the lingual papillae in Anatolian Water Buffaloes using SEM. Six male Anatolian Water Buffaloes were used. Filiform, lentiform and conical papillae were determined three types as mechanical papillae. Fungiform and vallate papillae were observed two types as gustatory papillae on the tongue in Anatolian Water Buffalo. The filiform papillae were observed on the apex and body of the tongue, besides randomly identified lateral surface of the body. The conical papillae differed from the filiform papillae with its larger size and non existence of the secondary papillae. The fungiform papillae was round in shape and mushroom-like, scattering among the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the apex, body and the root of the tongue. The fungiform papillae's taste pores and creter-like structure were determined. The lentiform papillae were determined in two types. The borders of the cells and the micro-pitted appearance were defined at the lentiform papillae. In the vallate papillae bud fosse and a thick annular pad was found. These differences on the morphological structures of the lingual papillae were considered to be related to genetic diversity.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la estructura de la superficie de las papilas linguales en Búfalos de agua de Anatolia mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Se utilizaron seis Búfalos machos para el estudio. Se determinaron tres tipos de papilas mecánicas: filiformes, lenticular y cónicas. También se encontraron papilas gustativas de dos tipos: fungiformes y caliciformes. Las papilas filiformes se localizaron en el vértice y cuerpo de la lengua, además de encontrarse con una distribución al azar en la superficie lateral del cuerpo lingual. Las papilas cónicas se diferenciaron de las filiformes por su mayor tamaño y la ausencia de papilas secundarias. Las papilas fungiformes presentaban una forma redonda, similar a un hongo, con una distribución entre las papilas filiformes en la superficie dorsal del vértice, cuerpo y la raíz de la lengua. Además se observaron poros gustatorios en las papilas fungiformes con estructura similar de cráter. Las papilas lenticulares se determinaron en dos tipos. Se definieron los márgenes celulares y aspecto de micro corrosión en las papilas lenticulares. En las papilas circunvaladas se observaron brotes excavados y una almohadilla anular gruesa. Se consideró que estas diferencias en las estructuras morfológicas de las papilas linguales están relacionadas con la diversidad genética.
