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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(2): 402-406, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954128

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The liver dimensional (3D) models, consists of eight segments including portal triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct), are necessary because it is difficult to dissect a liver and its inner structures. But it is difficult to produce 3D models from high resolution and color sectioned-images. This study presents automatic and accurate methods for producing liver 3D models from the sectionedimages. Based on the sectioned-images and color-filled-images of the liver, a 3D model including both the portal triad and hepatic vein was made. Referring to the 3D model, 3D models of liver's eight segments including the segmental branches of the portal triad and hepatic vein were completed and saved as STL format. All STL files were combined and saved as Liver-3D in PDF format for the common user. By functional subdivision of liver, the Liver-3D was divided into left (segments II, III, and, IV) and right (segments V, VI, VII, and VIII) liver in bookmark window of the PDF file. In addition, in Liver-3D, the primary to tertiary segmental branches of the portal triad could be shown in different colors. Owing to the difficulty of 3D modeling of liver including eight segments and segmental branches of the portal triad and hepatic, we started this research to find automatic methods for producing 3D models. The methods for producing liver 3D models will assist in 2D selection and 3D modeling of other complicated structures.


RESUMEN: Los modelos hepáticos dimensionales (3D) consisten en ocho segmentos que incluyen la tríada portal (vena porta, arteria hepática y conducto biliar), y son necesarios ya que es difícil disecar un hígado y sus estructuras internas. Sin embargo, es difícil producir modelos 3D a partir de imágenes en alta resolución e imágenes seccionadas en color. Este estudio presenta métodos automáticos y precisos para producir modelos 3D de hígado a partir de las imágenes seccionadas. Sobre la base de las imágenes seccionadas y las imágenes del hígado llenas de color, se realizó un modelo 3D que incluía tanto la tríada portal como la vena hepática. En referencia al modelo 3D, se completaron modelos 3D de los ocho segmentos del hígado que incluían las ramas segmentarias de la tríada portal y la vena hepática y se guardaron como formato STL. Todos los archivos STL fueron combinados y guardados como Liver-3D en formato PDF para el usuario común. Por subdivisión funcional del hígado, el hígado-3D se dividió en hígado izquierdo (segmentos II, III y IV) y derecho (segmentos V, VI, VII y VIII) en la ventana de marcador del archivo PDF. Además, en Liver-3D, las ramas segmentarias primarias a terciarias de la tríada portal podrían mostrarse en diferentes colores. Debido a la dificultad del modelado 3D del hígado, incluidos ocho segmentos y ramas segmentarias de la tríada portal y hepática, comenzamos esta investigación para encontrar métodos automáticos para producir modelos 3D. Los métodos para producir modelos 3D de hígado ayudarán en la selección 2D y el modelado 3D de otras estructuras complicadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Hepatic Veins/diagnostic imaging , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Visible Human Projects , Hepatic Veins/anatomy & histology , Liver/blood supply , Models, Anatomic
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(2): 537-543, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954151

ABSTRACT

The sectional anatomy of a cat head is essential when interpreting CTs and MRIs of the region. In learning the sectional anatomy, sectioned images of a cat could be quite effective data. The main objective was to assist veterinary physicians who learn the sectional anatomy of a cat head by presenting high-quality sectioned images. A short-haired female cat was frozen and sectioned frontally using a cryomacrotome. Every sectioned surface in real body color was photographed with a digital camera. The frontal planes were stacked to produce dorsal and sagittal planes. High-quality sectioned images of a cat head allowed the identification of small, complicated structures. The notable structures were as follows: each bone of the cranium, structures of the brain, tympanic cavity (larger than human), oval window (larger than human), vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve, ear ossicles, six extraocular muscles, pupil (larger than human), retractor bulbi muscle (not found in human), optic nerve, olfactory bulb (considerably large), vomeronasal organ duct (not found in human), infraorbital gland (not found in human), masticatory muscles (larger than human), maxillary nerve (larger than human), and mandibular nerve. This pacesetting report describes the detailed head structures of a cat from the viewpoint of sectional anatomy. The sectioned images will be given to other interested researchers free of charge.


El conocimiento de la anatomía seccional de cabeza de gato es esencial para interpretar estudios por tomografía computada y resonancia magnética de la región. En el conocimiento de esta anatomía seccional, las imágenes seccionadas de un gato podrían aportar datos bastante efectivos. El objetivo principal consistió en ayudar a los médicos veterinarios para que aprendan la anatomía seccional de una cabeza de gato mediante la presentación de imágenes seccionadas de alta calidad. Una gata de pelo corto fue congelada y seccionada frontalmente usando un criomicrótomo. Cada sección, con el color real del cuerpo, fue fotografiada con una cámara digital. Los planos frontales se apilaron para producir planos dorsales y sagitales. Las imágenes seccionadas de alta calidad de una cabeza de gato permitieron la identificación de estructuras pequeñas y de dificil visualización. Las estructuras destacadas fueron las siguientes: cada hueso del cráneo, las estructuras del cerebro, la cavidad timpánica (más grande que en el humano), la ventana oval (más grande que en el humano), el nervio vestibular, el nervio coclear, los huesecillos del oído, seis músculos extraoculares, la pupila, el músculo retractor del ojo (no se encuentra en el ser humano), nervio óptico, bulbo olfatorio (considerablemente grande), conducto del órgano vomeronasal (no se encuentra en el ser humano), glándula infraorbitaria (no se encuentra en los humanos), músculos masticatorios (más grandes que en el humano), nervio maxilar (más grande que en el humano) y nervio mandibular. En este trabajo describimos detalladamente, desde el punto de vista de la anatomía seccional, las estructuras de la cabeza de un gato. Las imágenes seccionadas estarán a disponibles para otros investigadores en forma gratuita.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cats/anatomy & histology , Visible Human Projects , Head/diagnostic imaging , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(4): 1377-1382, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893145

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The purpose of this research was to enable anyone to learn the sectional anatomy of the head anywhere, anytime by presenting software to browse sectioned images on a Google Android mobile device. Among the 2,343 sectioned images at 0.1 mm intervals, 234 sectioned images at 1 mm intervals were chosen. The corresponding 234 segmented images containing 236 head structures were selected. The software of the mobile version was programmed and debugged in the Java programming language. The folders of the sectioned images and segmented images and the txt file of the segmentation data were arranged in the source code of the software. The software was distributed free of charge at the homepage (neuroanatomy.kr) and Google Play Store. After installing the software, the sectioned images and corresponding segmented images could be browsed by touching and swiping the screen. In the medical category of the Google Play Store, the software earned a good reputation. The software of the Android mobile version was usable regardless of the time and place. The software is under the authors' non-commercial policy. Other investigators may modify the mobile software to browse their own images. The mobile version of the software will aid medical students and doctors in learning sectional anatomy.


RESUMEN: El propósito de esta investigación fue permitir que toda persona aprendiera la anatomía de secciones de la cabeza, en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento, a través de un software para examinar imágenes seccionadas en un dispositivo móvil Android de Google. De las 2.343 imágenes seccionadas a intervalos de 0,1 mm, se seleccionaron 234 imágenes seccionadas a intervalos de 1 mm. Se seleccionaron las 234 imágenes segmentadas que contenían 236 estructuras de cabeza. El software de la versión móvil fue programado y depurado en el lenguaje de programación Java. Las carpetas de las imágenes seccionadas y las imágenes segmentadas y el archivo .txt de los datos de segmentación se organizaron en el código fuente del software. El software se distribuyó gratuitamente en la página principal (neuroanatomy.kr) y Google Play Store. Después de instalar el software, las imágenes seccionadas y las imágenes segmentadas correspondientes se pueden navegar tocando y deslizando la pantalla. En la categoría médica de Google Play Store, el software obtuvo buena recepción. El software de la versión móvil de Android fue utilizado independientemente de la hora y el lugar. El software está bajo la política no comercial de los autores. Otros investigadores pueden modificar el software móvil para navegar por sus propias imágenes. La versión móvil del software ayudará a los estudiantes de medicina y los médicos en el aprendizaje de la anatomía seccional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical/methods , Mobile Applications , Smartphone , Head/anatomy & histology , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Visible Human Projects , Head/diagnostic imaging , Anatomy/education , Learning
4.
Ortho Sci., Orthod. sci. pract ; 10(39): 303-312, 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-868280

ABSTRACT

Na Ortodontia atual tem-se criado diferentes opções de tratamento devido à rápida evolução de tecnologia e ferramentas de diagnóstico. Esse fato tem aumentado a abrangência de pacientes beneficiados. O tratamento ortodôntico em adultos deve ser implementado com a preocupação de oferecer maior conforto e estética. A deficiência transversal da maxila pode ser corrigida de diferentes formas com uma diversidade de aparelhos. A expansão maxilar deve ser realizada na quantidade devida para a correção e estabilidade da atresia maxilar. Sendo assim, este artigo tem o objetivo de auxiliar no diagnóstico da discrepância transversal da maxila e descrever alternativas para a expansão maxilar em pacientes adultos.(AU)


The current Orthodontics has been creating different treatment options due to the rapid evolution of technology and diagnostic tools. This fact has improved the coverage of patients benefited. Orthodontic treatment in adults should be implemented with the concern of offering greater comfort and aesthetics. Transverse maxillary deficiency can be treated with different approaches using a variety of devices. Maxillary expansion should be performed according to the necessary amount to reach correction and stability of maxillary transversal dimension. Therefore, this article aims to aid in the diagnosis of transversal maxillary discrepancy and to describe alternatives for maxillary expansion in adult patients.(AU)


Subject(s)
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Orthodontics , Palatal Expansion Technique
5.
Bauru; s.n; 2017. 128 p. tab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-879639

ABSTRACT

A relação entre a anatomia mandibular e a ocorrência de fratura indesejada de mandíbula na osteotomia sagital é alvo de estudos. A literatura mostra a existência de diferentes conformações anatômicas da mandíbula, porém não há estudos nessa área direcionados a indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina. Também não há na literatura estudos que mostrem as diferenças morfológicas da mandíbula relacionadas a secção transversal entre primeiro e segundo molar e sua relação com implicações na cirurgia ortognática. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a morfologia da região entre primeiro e segundo molar inferior e classificar a prevalência dos tipos mandibulares dentro de cada grupo. Foram realizadas análises e medições das reformatações das tomografias da região de molares, bilateralmente, de indivíduos Classe III, com fissura labiopalatina unilateral (Grupo FLP) submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para recuo mandibular no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais e de indivíduos Classe III, sem fissura (Grupo Controle) do banco de dados do Departamento de Cirurgia e Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Foram realizadas duas medidas lineares e uma medida angular. As hemimandíbulas foram classificadas segundo a profundidade da fossa mandibular em: Tipo a - 0 e 1mm; Tipo b - 1,1 e 2mm; Tipo c - 2,1 e 3mm; Tipo d - maior que 3,1mm. Foram analisadas 200 hemimandíbulas no Grupo FLP e 100 no Grupo Controle. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto a classificação das mandíbulas segunda a profundidade da fossa, sendo o grupo b o mais prevalente, mas houve diferença em relação a angulação e a altura da mandíbula. Também foi notada uma relação entre a altura da mandíbula e a sua angulação em ambos os grupos. Assim, pode ser observada a grande variação morfológica dessa região, tanto para o grupo com fissura labiopalatina, quanto para o grupo controle. (AU)


The relationship between a mandibular anatomy and an occurrence of an undesirable jaw fracture in a sagittal osteotomy is the subject of the studies. The literature shows an existence of different anatomical conformations of the mandible, but there are no studies on the area directed to individuals with cleft lip and palate. There are not in the literature, studies that show a prevalence of mandibular types and the relation of these anatomical variations with orthognathic surgery implications. The objective of the present study was evaluate the morphology of the region between the first and second lower molars and analyze the prevalence of mandibular types within each sample group. Analyzes and measurements of the CT scans were performed bilaterally on Class III patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP Group) submitted to orthognathic surgery for mandibular retreatment at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies and Class III individuals, without Fissure (Control Group) of the database of the Department of Stomatology of the Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru. Two linear measurements and one angular measurement were performed. The half of mandibles were classified according to the depth of the mandibular fossa in: Type a - 0 and 1mm; Type b - 1.1 and 2mm; Type c - 2.1 and 3 mm; Type d - greater than 3.1mm. Two hundred half of mandibles were analyzed in the CLP Group and 100 in the Control Group. The results showed that there was no difference between the groups regarding the classification of the mandibles according to the depth of the fossa, being group b the most prevalent, but there was difference in relation to the angulation and the height of the mandible. It was also noted a relationship between the height of the mandible and its angulation in both groups. Thus, the great anatomical variation of this region can be observed, both for the group with fissure and for the group without fissure. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cleft Lip/pathology , Cleft Palate/pathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/diagnostic imaging , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Case-Control Studies , Cleft Lip/diagnostic imaging , Cleft Palate/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Cross-Sectional Studies , Orthognathic Surgery , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(3): 822-828, Sept. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728273

ABSTRACT

The stereoscopic morphology of the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments in hip joint is hard to understand, either in anatomy books or from cadaver dissection. To aid in understanding, three-dimensional models were built from the sectioned images of cadaver hip, which demonstrate fine components better than CTs and MRIs. In the female data of Visible Korean project, the ligaments and neighboring structures were recognized and outlined in detail. Successively, the outlines were stacked and reconstructed to manufacture their surface models by using the sophisticated computer method. The surface models were overlapped with the original sectioned images, which enhanced comprehension of the hip joint anatomy. With the surface models, hip joint was hyperextended to suggest the function of the ligaments. The graphic data of the surface reconstructed hip ligaments are expected to be the source of interactive simulators for anatomy and surgery of the hip joint.


La morfología estereoscópica de los ligamentos iliofemoral, pubofemoral e isquiofemoral de la articulación de la cadera es difícil de entender, ya sea a partir de lo hallado en los libros de anatomía como en la disección de cadáveres. Para ayudar en su comprensión, se construyeron modelos tridimensionales a partir de imágenes de secciones cadavéricas de la cadera, que demuestran de mejor manera los componentes finos, en comparación a las imágenes de tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética nuclear. En los datos obtenidos del "Visible Korean Project", correspondientes a mujeres, los ligamentos de la articulación y sus estructuras vecinas fueron reconocidos y descritos en detalle. Sucesivamente, se identificaron los contornos y se reconstruyeron para la fabricación de modelos de superficie, mediante el uso de un sofisticado método informático. Los modelos de superficie se asociaron con las imágenes de sección originales, que aumentaron la comprensión de la anatomía de la articulación de la cadera. En los modelos de superficie se provocó la hipertensión de la articulación de la cadera para permitir evidenciar la función de los ligamentos. Se espera que los datos gráficos obtenidos de los modelos de superficie de los ligamentos de la cadera sirvan como fuente para el desarrollo de simuladores interactivos que permitan el estudio de la anatomía y la cirugía de la articulación de la cadera.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Visible Human Projects , Hip Joint/anatomy & histology , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology , Software , Cadaver , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Imaging, Three-Dimensional
7.
RPG, Rev. Pós-Grad ; 17(3): 173-176, jul.-set. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: biblio-855265

ABSTRACT

Forame mentual acessório: relato de caso. Variações anatômicas associadas ao forame mentual são relativamente incomuns. Dentre tais variações, a presença de um ou mais forames mentuais acessórios tem sido relatada em raros casos. O conhecimento da sua localização em relação ao forame mentual principal é de fundamental importância na avaliação prévia de procedimentos cirúrgicos e endodônticos. Neste artigo, um caso de forame mentual acessório foi apresentado através de imagens por tomografia computadorizada, e as principais complicações relacionadas a essa variação anatômica são discutidas


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Mandible , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Bicuspid , Mandibular Nerve , Therapeutics
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