Transportal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Quadrupled Hamstring Tendon Graft: A Prospective Outcome Study.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been one of the most commonly performed procedures throughout the world. Unsatisfactory outcome with conventional ACL reconstruction has been attributed to nonanatomic graft placement. Researchers have advised placing the graft in the native footprint of ACL to avoid nonanatomic graft placement. The goal of this study was to analyze the outcome of anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction using transportal technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective outcome study conducted on 85 consecutive patients of ACL reconstruction of which 62 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analyzed for final results. All the patients underwent ACL reconstruction by quadrupled hamstring tendon graft using transportal technique and the accessory anteromedial (AAM) portal for femoral tunnel creation. The graft was fixed with endobutton on femoral side and bioabsorbable screw on the tibial side. Patients were evaluated for range of motion, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Lysholm scores at a minimum followup period of 2 years. The mean pre- and postoperative scores were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores improved significantly (P < 0.0001) from preoperative value. According to IKDC score, 90.3% (n = 56) were either normal or near normal at final followup. According to Lysholm score, 75.8% of patients had excellent and 13.3% had good results. Preoperatively, pivot shift was present in 85.5% (n = 53) of patients which reduced to 4.8% (n = 3) postoperatively. Infection and knee stiffness occurred in two patients, and femoral tunnel blowout and graft re-rupture occurred in one patient each. CONCLUSION: Anatomic ACL reconstruction by AAM portal is a reproducible technique which gives good clinical outcome at short-term followup.

Comparison of anterior cruciate ligament volume after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

BACKGROUD: To determine whether anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DB-ACLR) can restore the native ACL volume, and whether the volume change after reconstruction affects clinical outcomes and re-rupture rates following the contemporary techniques. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing anatomic DB-ACLR using transportal or outside-in technique were prospectively evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after surgery. The ACL volumes were determined from 3-D models constructed by applying reverse engineering software. In all participants, measured reconstructed ACL volume were compared with the ACL on the opposite uninjured side. Participants were divided into two groups according to the volume of reconstructed graft; larger volume than native ACL of contra-lateral side (Group 1) or smaller (Group 2). RESULTS: The mean ACL volume on the reconstructed side (1726.5mm3, 982.1 - 2733.8) was significantly smaller than that on the uninjured opposite side (1857.6mm3, 958.2 - 2871.5) (P<0.001). A total of 31 patients in Group 1 and 49 in Group 2 showed no significant difference of improvement in the clinical outcome scales at the postoperative two-year follow-up (Lysholm knee score, P=0.830, Tegner activity score, P=0.848). Four patients with ACL re-rupture during the two-year follow-up after reconstruction had smaller reconstructed ACL volumes than native ligament on the opposite site. CONCLUSION: Anatomic DB-ACLR technique restored the graft volume rather smaller than the volume of the native ACL. Based on the volumetric consideration, graft reconstructed by anatomic DB-ACLR might have increased probability of re-rupture due to its smaller volume related to native ACL on the contralateral side.

Cortical femoral suspensory fixation using screw post in anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study and mid-term outcome results.

PURPOSE: Cortical femoral suspensory fixation using screw post in ACLR has the advantage of allowing complete filling of the femoral tunnel with graft tissue. In addition, the low cost of the implants is an advantage in countries where cost is an issue of concern. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the clinical functional outcome results of cortical femoral suspensory fixation using screw post at mid-term follow-up. METHODS: Single surgeon single centre prospective case series study. Sixty two patients having complete ACL tears were included in the current study. Average follow-up was 52.6 months (range 38-68). Objective and subjective IKDC scores, Lysholm knee score, SF-36 score, VAS for patients' satisfaction, VAS for pain and Kellgren & Lawrence (K/L) classification of osteoarthritis were used for follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: Objective IKDC score revealed that 59 patients had grade "A" and 3 had grade "B", while no single patient had neither grade "C" nor "D". The average Lysholm score was 90.7, average subjective IKDC was 89.5. Average SF-36 score was 94.8. The average VAS for operation satisfaction was 9.4. Average VAS for pain was 0.2. Forty six patients were classified as normal K/L classification, nine were grade "1", seven were grade "2". Comparing pre-operative and follow-up objective IKDC, subjective IKDC, Lysholm, SF-36, and VAS for pain scores revealed statistically significant differences (P-value <0.05). CONCLUSION: Femoral suspensory fixation using screw post in ACLR showed excellent functional outcome results at mid-term follow-up.

Reconstrucción anatómica de ligamento cruzado anterior con banda simple a través del uso de un portal medial accesorio: resultados clínicos e imagenológicos en seguimiento a mediano plazo / Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with single band through an accessory medial portal

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados clínicos de la reconstrucción anatómica de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) con una banda a través de un portal medial accesorio. Material y método: serie prospectiva, 52 pacientes con reconstrucción anatómica de LCA a través de un portal medial accesorio. Edad promedio: 26,4 años (15-39), 68 por ciento hombres, 32 por ciento mujeres. Seguimiento promedio: 39 meses (36-53). Evaluación de estabilidad anteroposterior mediante la prueba artrométrica KT-1000 y estabilidad rotacional con test de Pivot-shift. Resultados clínicos evaluados con scores de Lysholm e International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC). Se solicitó resonancia magnética (RM) 6 meses post-reconstrucción para evaluar la madurez e incorporación del injerto. También se registraron las complicaciones. Resultados: diferencia promedio de KT-1000 entre ambas rodillas: 2,09 mm, 92,4 por ciento de los pacientes entre 1-3 mm, 3,8 por ciento entre 3-5 mm, y 3,8 por ciento con más de 5 mm. Pivot Shift negativo en 86,5 por ciento y presente en 13,5 por ciento de los pacientes. IKDC promedio: 89,2 puntos, Lysholm promedio: 93,8 puntos. Integración del injerto en RM: 100 por ciento de los pacientes. 3 pacientes (5,8 por ciento) presentaron una re-rotura del injerto (20 meses promedio) y 1 paciente (1,9 por ciento) presentó una lesión condral femoral sintomática (12 meses). Discusión y Conclusiones: nuestro estudio muestra buenos y excelentes resultados para la reconstrucción anatómica de LCA con banda simple con respecto a estabilidad anterior y rotacional, scores clínicos e integración del injerto. Nuestra tasa de re-roturas es similar a las tasas descritas en la literatura para reconstrucciones transtibiales, lo que podría explicarse por otros factores involucrados en este proceso independientes de la posición del injerto. Nivel de evidencia: III. Tipo de estudio: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through an accessory medial portal. Methods: prospective case series. Fifty-two patients undergoing arthroscopic hamstring ACL reconstruction through an accessory medial portal were prospectively studied. Mean age: 26,4 years (15-39) Men: 68% Female: 32%. Average follow-up: 39 months. (36-53) Anteroposterior stability was assessed by using KT-1000 arthrometer. Rotational stability was determined by Lateral Pivot-Shift test. Clinical results were asses by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was taken at 6 months post-operatively to evaluate graft maturation and incorporation. Results: the average KT-1000 side-to-side difference was 2,09 mm with 92,4% between 1-3 mm, 3,8% between 3-5 mm and 3,8% more than 5 mm. Pivot-Shift test was negative in 86,5% and positive in 13,5% of the patients. IKDC mean score: 89,2; Lysholm mean score: 93,8. Graft integration at MRI: 100% of the patients. 3 patients (5,8%) had an ACL re-rupture (mean 20 months) and 1 patient (1,9%) presented a symptomatic femoral chondral lesion (12 months). Discussion and conclusion: our study shows good and excellent results in anterior and rotational stability as well as IKDC, and Lysholm scores and Graft integration measured by MRI for the anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction. Re-rupture rate is similar to series with transtibial non-anatomic technique; this is probably due to other factors that do not include the position of the graft. Level of evidence: III. Type of study: Prospective cohort study

Reconstrucción anatómica de ligamento cruzado anterior con banda simple a través del uso de un portal medial accesorio: resultados clínicos e imagenológicos en seguimiento a mediano plazo / Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with single band through an accessory medial portal

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados clínicos de la reconstrucción anatómica de Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) con una banda a través de un portal medial accesorio. Material y método: serie prospectiva, 52 pacientes con reconstrucción anatómica de LCA a través de un portal medial accesorio. Edad promedio: 26,4 años (15-39), 68 por ciento hombres, 32 por ciento mujeres. Seguimiento promedio: 39 meses (36-53). Evaluación de estabilidad anteroposterior mediante la prueba artrométrica KT-1000 y estabilidad rotacional con test de Pivot-shift. Resultados clínicos evaluados con scores de Lysholm e International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC). Se solicitó resonancia magnética (RM) 6 meses post-reconstrucción para evaluar la madurez e incorporación del injerto. También se registraron las complicaciones. Resultados: diferencia promedio de KT-1000 entre ambas rodillas: 2,09 mm, 92,4 por ciento de los pacientes entre 1-3 mm, 3,8 por ciento entre 3-5 mm, y 3,8 por ciento con más de 5 mm. Pivot Shift negativo en 86,5 por ciento y presente en 13,5 por ciento de los pacientes. IKDC promedio: 89,2 puntos, Lysholm promedio: 93,8 puntos. Integración del injerto en RM: 100 por ciento de los pacientes. 3 pacientes (5,8 por ciento) presentaron una re-rotura del injerto (20 meses promedio) y 1 paciente (1,9 por ciento) presentó una lesión condral femoral sintomática (12 meses). Discusión y Conclusiones: nuestro estudio muestra buenos y excelentes resultados para la reconstrucción anatómica de LCA con banda simple con respecto a estabilidad anterior y rotacional, scores clínicos e integración del injerto. Nuestra tasa de re-roturas es similar a las tasas descritas en la literatura para reconstrucciones transtibiales, lo que podría explicarse por otros factores involucrados en este proceso independientes de la posición del injerto. Nivel de evidencia: III. Tipo de estudio: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of anatomic single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through an accessory medial portal. Methods: prospective case series. Fifty-two patients undergoing arthroscopic hamstring ACL reconstruction through an accessory medial portal were prospectively studied. Mean age: 26,4 years (15-39) Men: 68% Female: 32%. Average follow-up: 39 months. (36-53) Anteroposterior stability was assessed by using KT-1000 arthrometer. Rotational stability was determined by Lateral Pivot-Shift test. Clinical results were asses by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was taken at 6 months post-operatively to evaluate graft maturation and incorporation. Results: the average KT-1000 side-to-side difference was 2,09 mm with 92,4% between 1-3 mm, 3,8% between 3-5 mm and 3,8% more than 5 mm. Pivot-Shift test was negative in 86,5% and positive in 13,5% of the patients. IKDC mean score: 89,2; Lysholm mean score: 93,8. Graft integration at MRI: 100% of the patients. 3 patients (5,8%) had an ACL re-rupture (mean 20 months) and 1 patient (1,9%) presented a symptomatic femoral chondral lesion (12 months). Discussion and conclusion: our study shows good and excellent results in anterior and rotational stability as well as IKDC, and Lysholm scores and Graft integration measured by MRI for the anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction. Re-rupture rate is similar to series with transtibial non-anatomic technique; this is probably due to other factors that do not include the position of the graft. Level of evidence: III. Type of study: Prospective cohort study (AU)