Relação entre apoio social e sono de pessoas idosas cuidadoras em vulnerabilidade social / Relationship between social support and sleep of elderly caregivers in social vulnerability / Relación entre apoyo social y sueño de adultos mayores cuidadores con vulnerabilidad social

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre apoio social e qualidade do sono de pessoas idosas que cuidam de outros idosos em ambiente de vulnerabilidade social. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 65 cuidadores entrevistados por meio de instrumento de caracterização, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study, com dados analisados com testes de comparação e de correlação. Resultados: a maioria eram mulheres, cônjuges do idoso cuidado e possuíam sono de má qualidade. Observou-se correlação fraca e inversa entre má qualidade do sono e a dimensão interação social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Identificou-se relação significativa entre: apoio material e disfunção diurna (p=0,034); apoio afetivo e eficiência do sono (p=0,026); interação social positiva e qualidade subjetiva do sono (p=0,001) e disfunção diurna (p=0,008). Conclusão: Quanto maior a interação social positiva, melhor é a qualidade do sono.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between social support and sleep quality of elderly individuals who care for other elderly individuals in a socially vulnerable environment. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 65 caregivers interviewed using a characterization instrument, Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, with data analyzed using comparison and correlation tests. Results: the majority were women, spouses of the elderly being cared for, and had poor sleep quality. A weak and inverse correlation was observed between poor sleep quality and the positive social interaction dimension (Rho=-0.27; p=0.028). Significant relationships were identified between: material support and daytime dysfunction (p=0.034); emotional support and sleep efficiency (p=0.026); positive social interaction and subjective sleep quality (p=0.001), as well as daytime dysfunction (p=0.008). Conclusion: The higher the positive social interaction, the better the sleep quality.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y la calidad del sueño de personas mayores que cuidan de otras personas mayores en entornos socialmente vulnerables. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 65 cuidadores entrevistados mediante un instrumento de caracterización, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y Escala de Apoyo Social del Medical Outcomes Study, los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de comparación y correlación. Resultados: la mayoría eran mujeres, cónyuges del adulto mayor que recibe el cuidado y tenían mala calidad del sueño. Se observó una correlación débil e inversa entre la mala calidad del sueño y la dimensión de interacción social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Se identificó que había relación significativa entre: apoyo material y disfunción diurna (p=0,034); apoyo afectivo y eficiencia del sueño (p=0,026); interacción social positiva y calidad subjetiva del sueño (p=0,001) y disfunción diurna (p=0,008). Conclusión: Cuanto mayor sea la interacción social positiva, mejor será la calidad del sueño.

Experiences of patients with Parkinson's disease belonging to an association. A qualitative approach.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of people who suffer it. A good strategy for patients is to belong to an Association, using the services they offer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of patients with PD in a Parkinson's Association. METHODS: A sample of participants with PD who met the inclusion criteria was selected through purpose and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were used to collect the data, which was analyzed by thematic phenomenological analysis. Different strategies such as triangulation between researchers were used to ensure methodological rigor. RESULTS: The data analyzed from 10 participants led to two themes: the context of the Association, where the importance of interdisciplinary treatments and the relationship with other patients is collected; and how they see their future, which describes the future perspectives that patients with PD have. DISCUSSION: Patients agree on the importance of belonging to the Association, feeling part of a group, while benefiting from receiving therapies from the interdisciplinary team. The Association plays a relevant role in the evolution of the disease, as it influences how patients imagine their future. Developing strategies based on a good therapeutic alliance with professionals at the service of patients promotes the empowerment, adherence and continuity of treatments at home, which results in improving the quality of life of patients with PD.

Profiling the patient with inflammatory bowel disease in the relationship between physical activity and partner/social network status: A post hoc patient-tailored analysis of the "BE-FIT-IBD" study.

INTRODUCTION: Normal quality of life is an ultimate target in the therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the context of which regular physical activity (PA) is often a chimeric parameter that is not standardized in terms of quality/quantity. The study aimed to profile a sample of IBD patients about the relationship between PA-partner status and social network support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A post hoc analysis of the "BE-FIT-IBD" study was set up by stratifying the data of PA with that of partner status and the support that the patient's social network (i.e., relatives, friends) provided in inciting the patient to practice regular PA. RESULTS: In the 219 patients included, there was a greater tendency for patients with stable partners to view the risk of reactivation/worsening of IBD as a barrier to conducting regular PA (p<0.0001). Single patients considered PA more as a protective factor (p=0.045). Patients without a PA-supporting social network retained IBD-related treatment as a PA barrier (p=0.016) and PA as a risk for IBD complications (p=0.01), with less confidence that PA could improve the course of IBD (p<0.001). Rectal syndrome was an IBD-related barrier more represented in patients with PA-deterring social network (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These factors are potential targets for recovering the IBD patient's adherence to regular PA.

ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RESILIENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND BURNOUT IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS / ANÁLISIS DEL PAPEL MEDIADOR DE LA RESILIENCIA EN LA RELACIÓN ENTRE EL APOYO SOCIAL Y EL AGOTAMIENTO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS / ANÁLISE DO PAPEL MEDIADOR DA RESILIÊNCIA NA RELAÇÃO ENTRE APOIO SOCIAL E BURNOUT EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

This research aimed to assess the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and academic burnout. To do so, a cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students enrolled at a public university in Paraná, Brazil, who were participants in the GraduaUEL project - Analysis of Health and Lifestyle Habits of Undergraduate Students at the State University of Londrina, interviewed in the year 2019. The dependent variable of this study was academic exhaustion, measured through the Copenhagen Inventory Burnout questionnaire (CBI-S). The independent variable was social support, measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), and the mediating effect of resilience was assessed using the CD-RISC-1 scale. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to obtain the model with the best fit using Mplus software, with a 95% confidence interval (CI95%). Total social support significantly and positively influenced resilience, while resilience had a significantly negative effect on burnout. It was observed that the direct effect of social support on burnout and the indirect effect of social support on burnout through resilience were significant, with resilience mediating this relationship by approximately 54.9%. In conclusion, social support and resilience have an impact on academic burnout; thus, reducing university students' exhaustion can be achieved by enhancing both social support and resilience among them.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el papel mediador de la resiliencia en la relación entre el apoyo social y el agotamiento académico. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con estudiantes universitarios inscritos en una universidad pública en Paraná, Brasil, que participaron en el proyecto GraduaUEL - Análisis de la Salud y los Hábitos de Vida de los Estudiantes de Grado en la Universidad Estatal de Londrina, entrevistados en el año 2019. La variable dependiente de este estudio fue el agotamiento académico, medido a través del cuestionario de Inventario de Burnout de Copenhague (CBI-S). La variable independiente fue el apoyo social, medido mediante la Encuesta de Apoyo Social del Estudio de Resultados Médicos (MOS-SSS), y el efecto mediador de la resiliencia se evaluó utilizando la escala CD-RISC-1. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para obtener el modelo con el mejor ajuste utilizando el software Mplus, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%). El apoyo social total influyó significativa y positivamente en la resiliencia, mientras que la resiliencia tuvo un efecto significativamente negativo en el agotamiento. Se observó que el efecto directo del apoyo social en el agotamiento y el efecto indirecto del apoyo social en el agotamiento a través de la resiliencia fueron significativos, con la resiliencia mediando esta relación en aproximadamente un 54,9%. En conclusión, el apoyo social y la resiliencia tienen un impacto en el agotamiento académico; por lo tanto, reducir el agotamiento de los estudiantes universitarios puede lograrse mejorando tanto el apoyo social como la resiliencia entre ellos.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o papel mediador da resiliência no efeito do suporte social e a relação com o burnout acadêmico. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal com estudantes matriculados em cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública paranaense, participantes do projeto GraduaUEL - Análise da Saúde e Hábitos de Vida dos Estudantes de Graduação da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, entrevistados no ano de 2019. A variável dependente deste estudo foi a exaustão acadêmica, mensurada por meio do questionário Copenhagen Inventory Burnout (CBI-S). A independente foi o apoio social, medido pela escala de apoio Social (MOS-SSS), e o efeito mediador da resiliência foi verificado a partir da escala CD-RISC-1. Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratório (AFE) e análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) para obter o modelo com melhores resultados através do software Mplus, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O apoio social total afetou significativamente e positivamente a resiliência, enquanto a resiliência teve um efeito significativamente negativo no burnout. Foi observado que o efeito direto do suporte social no burnout e efeito indireto do suporte social no burnout por meio da resiliência foram significativos, a resiliência medeia essa relação em aproximadamente 54,9%. Em suma, o apoio social e a resiliência têm efeito sobre o burnout acadêmico, dessa forma a exaustão dos estudantes universitários pode ser reduzida ampliando-se o apoio social e a resiliência entre os estudantes universitários. 

Comunidad compasiva para la inclusión social y calidad de vida de las personas con esclerosis múltiple y sus cuidadores familiares / Comunidade compasiva pela inclusao social e qualidade de vida de pessoãs com esclerose multipla e seus familiares cuidadores / Compassionate community for the social inclusion and quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis and their family caregivers

Objetivo: Evaluar cualitativamente la experiencia de pacientescon esclerosis múltiple (PEM) y cuidadores familiares (CFPEM)vinculados al programa de esclerosis múltiple del HospitalUniversitario Nacional de Colombia (PrEM-HUNC), durantela formación y consolidación de una comunidad compasiva(CC), para la inclusión social y promoción de calidad de vida.Materiales y Método: estudio cualitativo interpretativo, conentrevistas a profundidad a nueve colaboradores. Con elmétodo de análisis de espiral de Creswell y Poth, emergieroncuatro categorías y un tema.Resultados: el tema “Un nido comunitario de crecimientoytransformación” señala el proceso de conformación de la CCcomo una experiencia que posibilitó cambios de significadosen torno a la enfermedad, la situación personal y familiar;revela un proceso de descubrimiento y aprendizaje deconformación de diferentes relaciones y roles.Conclusiones: La CC es una opción para construcción deredes de apoyo, fortalecimiento de las capacidades personalesy familiares, una forma para hacer frente a los diferentesimpactos y retos que implica vivir con esclerosis múltiple,se constituye en una alternativa para la promoción de lacalidad de vida y la inclusión social.(AU)

Objective: to qualitatively evaluate the experienceof patients with multiple sclerosis (PEM) and familycaregivers (CFPEM) linked to the multiple sclerosisprogram of the National University Hospital ofColombia (PrEM-HUNC), during the formation andconsolidation of a compassionate community (CC),for social inclusion and promotion of quality of life.Materials and Method: qualitative interpretativestudy, with in-depth interviews to nine collaborators.With Creswell and Poth's spiral analysis method,four categories and one topic emerged. Results: the theme "A Community Nest of Growth andTransformation" points out the process of shaping theCC as an experience that made possible changes in themeanings surrounding the disease and the personaland family situation; reveals a process of discovery andlearning of shaping different relationships and roles.Conclusions: The CC is an option for building supportnetworks, strengthening personal and family capacities,a way to address the different impacts and challengesof living with multiple sclerosis; it is an alternative tothe promotion of quality of life and social inclusion.(AU)

Objetivo: avaliar qualitativamente a experiência depacientes com esclerose múltipla (PEM) e cuidadoresfamiliares (CFPEM) vinculados ao programa de esclerosemúltipla do Hospital Universitário Nacional de Colombia(PrEM-HUNC), durante a formação e consolidação deuma comunidade compassiva (CC), para a inclusãosocial e promoção da qualidade de vida.Materiais e Método: estudo qualitativo interpretativo,com entrevistas em profundidade com nove colaboradores.Com o método em espiral de Creswell e Poth, quatrocategorias e um tema emergiram.Resultados: o tema “Um ninho comunitário de crescimentoe transformação” revela o processo de conformação daCC como uma experiência que possibilitou mudanças designificados em torno da doença, da situação pessoal efamiliar; revela um processo de descoberta e aprendizagemde obter diferentes relacionamentos e papéis.Conclusões: a CC é uma opção para a construção deredes de apoio, fortalecendo as capacidades pessoais efamiliares, uma forma de enfrentar os diversos impactose desafios que o viver com esclerose múltipla implica,sendo uma opção para a promoção da qualidade devida e inclusão social.(AU)

Social Support and Satisfaction with Life among Portuguese Prison Officers: The Mediating Effect of Anxiety / Apoyo social y satisfacción con la vida en agentes penitenciarios portugueses: El efecto mediador de la ansiedad

Work in the prison system can present a high risk to the mental and physical health of prison officers due to the dangerousness, diversity, and complexity associated with this job. Therefore, knowing that prison officers play a key role in prisons, it is essential to explore variables that help understand the health and well-being of these professionals. Thus, this study aims to explore and describe the relationship between social support, generalized anxiety, and life satisfaction in a sample of 100 Portuguese prison officers. The results showed the existence of a significant positive relationship between social support and life satisfaction. Social support also shows a significant negative relationship, decreasing anxiety. It was also found that increased anxiety significantly contributed to a decrease in the participants’ satisfaction with life. It was also possible to verify the existence of a mediating relationship between social support and satisfaction with life through anxiety. The results are subsequently discussed and translated into implications for research and professional practice. (AU)

El trabajo en el sistema penitenciario puede presentar un alto riesgo para la salud mental y física de los funcionarios de prisiones debido a la peligrosidad, diversidad y complejidad asociadas a este trabajo. Por lo tanto, sabiendo que los agentes penitenciarios desempeñan un papel clave en las prisiones, es esencial explorar variables que ayuden a comprender la salud y el bienestar de estos profesionales. Así, este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar y describir la relación entre el apoyo social, la ansiedad generalizada y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de 100 agentes penitenciarios portugueses. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de una relación positiva significativa entre el apoyo social y la satisfacción con la vida. El apoyo social también muestra una relación negativa significativa, disminuyendo la ansiedad. También se comprobó que el aumento de la ansiedad contribuía significativamente a la disminución de la satisfacción con la vida de los participantes. También se pudo comprobar la existencia de una relación mediadora entre el apoyo social y la satisfacción con la vida a través de la ansiedad. Posteriormente, se discuten los resultados y se traducen en implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica profesional. (AU)

[Perceived social support of people over 60 years who care for their grandchildren]. / Apoyo social percibido de personas mayores de 60 años que cuidan de sus nietos.

OBJECTIVE: The role of older people in today's society is important in supporting work-life balance and well-being. The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of the support they receive and the psychosocial well-being of people over 60years of age who take care of their grandchildren. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. A sample of people over 60years of age, who attended the pediatrics service in three health centers accompanying their grandchildren, during the first four-month period of 2018. They were administered the Duke-UNC questionnaire, with measures of social support and involvement in the care of their grandchildren. RESULTS: The majority cared for their grandchildren between 5 and 14hours per week, performing recreational and maintenance activities. The participants reported a significant relationship of the caregiver's role in their quality of life and well-being; 88% of the subjects perceived a high level of social support. Involvement in weekly caregiving hours did not correlate with worse perceived support. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults who care for their grandchildren and attend the primary care pediatrics service with them perceive an adequate level of social support, regardless of the number of hours spent doing so.

Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers before and during COVID-19 and the role of self-esteem, maternal self-efficacy, and social support / Depresión posparto en madres adolescentes antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 el papel de la autoestima, la autoeficacia materna y el apoyo social

Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.

Heightened response to positive facial cues as a potential marker of resilience following childhood adversity.

Background: Childhood maltreatment profoundly influences social and emotional development, increasing psychiatric risk. Alterations in the implicit processing of threat-related cues following early abuse and neglect represent a marker of mental health vulnerability. Less is known about how early adversity influences the perception of positive social cues, despite their central role in establishing and maintaining social interactions and their association with better mental health outcomes.Methods: The sample consisted of 42 children and adolescents with substantiated childhood maltreatment experiences and 32 peers (mean age 13.3), matched on age, pubertal status, gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and cognitive ability. A computerised experimental task assessed the perceived emotional intensity of positive (happy) and negative (fearful) facial expressions. Mental health symptoms were measured via self- and parental reports, and perceived social support was self-reported.Results: The experience of abuse and neglect was associated with heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues. Cross-sectional post-hoc moderation and mediation analyses, employing a model-building approach, revealed that in maltreatment-exposed participants: (i) their increased response to positive facial cues was associated with lower symptoms; (ii) the presence of social support accounted for their heightened perceived intensity of positive facial cues; (iii) the presence of social support putatively contributed to lower symptoms by increasing the perceived intensity of positive facial cues. No group differences in perceived intensity of negative expressions were observed.Conclusions: These findings provide fresh insight into how positive faces are processed following maltreatment experience in childhood. Maltreatment experience was found to be associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support. This suggests that heightened saliency of positive emotions acts protectively in children with maltreatment experience.

The impact of childhood maltreatment on perceiving positive social cues, especially explicit emotional intensity appraisal, is less understood compared to the extensive focus on its role in processing threat-related cues and psychiatric risk.In this study, we found that maltreatment experience was associated with heightened perceived intensity of happy faces, which in turn was associated with better mental health and greater levels of social support.These findings suggest that heightened saliency of positive emotions may act protectively in children with maltreatment experience.

The day-to-day relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and social support after sexual assault.

Background: Experiencing sexual assault is associated with a significant increase in risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and related concerns (e.g. alcohol misuse). Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence suggests that social support may be both broadly protective against and eroded by posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, little is known about how different aspects of social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms influence each other in the weeks and months immediately following sexual assault, when posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms first emerge.Objective: The present study assessed the day-to-day relationship between social support and PTS in a sample of distressed, alcohol-using, recently-assaulted female survivors participating in a clinical trial of an app-based intervention (N = 41).Method: Participants completed 3 weeks of daily diaries starting within 10 weeks of sexual assault. Mixed-effects models were used to examine prior-day and same-day relationships between PTS and four social support constructs (social contact, emotional support, pleasantness of social interactions, and talking about sexual assault).Results: Results indicate that higher quantity and pleasantness of social interactions over the full sampling period was associated with lower PTS symptoms on any given day. Experiencing better-than-typical social interactions on one day was associated with lower than typical PTS symptoms on that day and the next day. On days when participants discussed their sexual assault with others, they tended to be having higher than usual PTS symptoms.Conclusions: Findings suggest that increasing the quantity and pleasantness of social interactions soon after sexual assault might protect against worsening posttraumatic stress symptoms.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03703258.

In N = 41 distressed and alcohol-using female survivors of recent sexual assault, having a higher quantity of social interactions and more pleasant social interactions within 10 weeks of assault was associated with lower posttraumatic stress symptoms.When survivors' social interactions were more pleasant than average on one day, their posttraumatic stress symptoms tended to be lower than average the next day, and recent survivors were more likely to talk about sexual assault on days when their posttraumatic stress symptoms were higher than usual.Interventionists should take note that increasing the quantity and pleasantness of social interactions soon after sexual assault might protect against worsening posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Social support buffers the impact of pregnancy stress on perceptions of parent-infant closeness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID-19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent-child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID-19 was associated with parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent-infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent-infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (ß = .805, p = .029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent-infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent-infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Individuos y progenitores en estado de embarazo experimentan elevados problemas de salud mental y estrés durante el COVID­19. El estrés durante el embarazo puede ser dañino para el feto y perjudicial para la relación progenitor­niño. Sin embargo, es sabido que el apoyo social actúa como un factor de protección, sirviendo como agente amortiguador contra los adversos efectos del estrés. El presente estudio longitudinal examinó si 1) el estrés prenatal durante el COVID­19 se asociaba con la cercanía madre­infante a los seis meses después del parto, y 2) el apoyo social moderaba el efecto del estrés prenatal en la relación madre­infante. Un total de 181 participantes completaron cuestionarios durante el embarazo y a los seis meses después del parto. Un análisis de regresión lineal jerárquico se llevó a cabo para evaluar si el apoyo social moderaba el efecto del estrés durante el embarazo en cuanto a la cercanía progenitor­infante a los seis meses después del parto. Los resultados indicaron una interacción significativa entre el estrés prenatal y el apoyo social sobre las percepciones que los progenitores tenían de la cercanía con sus infantes a los seis meses después del parto (ß = .805, p = .029); los progenitores que experimentaron un alto estrés prenatal con un alto apoyo social reportaron una mayor cercanía progenitor­infante, comparados con aquellos que reportaron altos niveles de estrés y bajo apoyo social. Los resultados subrayan la importancia del apoyo social para proteger la relación progenitor­infante, particularmente en épocas de alto estés, tal como durante la pandemia del COVID­19.

Les personnes enceintes et les parents font l'expérience de plus grands problèmes de santé mentale et de plus de stress durant la crise du COVID­19. Le stress durant la grossesse peut être néfaste pour le foetus et vient au détriment de la relation parent­enfant. Cependant l'on sait que le soutien social est un facteur de protection, faisant tampon face aux effets adverses du stress. Cette étude longitudinale a examiné si 1) le stress prénatal durant le COVID­19 était lié à la proximité mère­nourrisson à six mois postpartum, et 2) le soutien social a modéré l'effet du stress prénatale sur la relation mère­nourrisson. En tout 181 participants ont rempli des questionnaires durant la grossesse et à sic mois postpartum. Une analyse de régression linéaire hiérarchique a été faite pour évaluer si le soutien social a modéré l'effet du stress durant la grossesse sur la proximité parent­nourrisson à six mois postpartum. Les résultats ont indiqué une interaction importante entre le stress prénatal et le soutien social sur les perceptions des parents de la proximité avec leurs nourrissons à six mois postpartum (ß = ,805, p = ,029); les parents qui ont fait l'expérience d'un stress prénatal élevé avec un soutien social élevé ont signalé une plus grande proximité parent­nourrisson, comparé à ceux ayant signalé des niveaux de stress élevés et un faible soutien social. Les résultats soulignent l'importance du soutien social dans la protection de la relation parent­nourrisson, particulièrement en temps de stress élevé, comme durant la pandémie de COVID­19.

Influence of social support and stressful life events on adherence to colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood test in Spanish medium risk population / Influencia del apoyo social y los acontecimentos vitales estresantes en el cribado de cáncer colorrectal con sangre oculta en heces en población española de riesgo medio

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Five-year survival rate in Spain is 57%. The most important prognostic factor is the stage of the tumor at the diagnosis. CRC can be early diagnosed, but the adherence to screening programs is low (<50%). This study aims to ascertain the influence of social support and stressful life events on the adherence to the population screening of CRC with fecal occult blood test in Spanish average risk population. Methods Multicenter case–control study. We conducted a simple random sampling among individuals invited to participate in the colorectal cancer screening program. We analyzed epidemiological and social variables associated with lifestyle and behavioral factors. We performed a descriptive and a bivariant analyses and a logistic regression analysis. Results Four hundred and eight patients (237 cases and 171 controls) were included. Multivariant analyses showed independent association between higher adherence to the screening program and older age (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.10), stable partner (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08–2.89) and wide social network (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07–2.66). Otherwise, lower adherence was associated to perceiving barriers to participate in the program (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88–0.96). We find a statistically significant association between lower adherence and high impact stressful life events in the bivariant analyses, and the tendency was maintained (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.37–1.08) in the multivariant. Conclusion Social variables decisively influence the adherence to colorectal cancer screening. The implementation of social interventions that improve social support, reduce impact of stressful life events and the design of screening programs that decrease the perceived barriers, will contribute to increase the participation on these programs. Secondary, the colorectal cancer diagnosis will be made in early-stages with the consequent mortality reduction (AU)

Introducción El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. La tasa de supervivencia a cinco años en España es de 57%. El factor pronóstico más importante es el estadio del tumor en el momento del diagnóstico. El CCR se puede diagnosticar precozmente, pero la adherencia a los programas de cribado es baja (< 50%). Este estudio pretende conocer la influencia del apoyo social y los acontecimientos vitales estresantes en la adherencia al cribado poblacional de CCR con sangre oculta en heces en población española de riesgo medio. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles. Realizamos un muestreo aleatorio simple entre los individuos invitados a participar en un programa de cribado de CCR. Analizamos variables epidemiológicas y sociales asociadas al estilo de vida y factores conductuales. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo, un análisis bivariante y una regresión logística. Resultados Se incluyeron 408 pacientes (237 casos y 171 controles). El análisis multivariante demostró una asociación independiente entre una mayor adherencia al programa de cribado y mayor edad (OR: 1,06; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10), tener pareja estable (OR: 1,77, IC 95%: 1,08-2,89) y disponer de una amplia red social (OR: 1,68; IC 95%: 1,07-2,66). Por el contrario, la menor adherencia se asoció a la percepción de barreras para participar en el cribado (OR: 0,92; IC 95%: 0,88-0,96). Encontramos una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre menor adherencia y acontecimientos vitales estresantes de alto impacto en el análisis bivariante. La tendencia se mantuvo (OR: 0,63, IC 95%: 0,37-1,08) en el análisis multivariante (AU)

Resilience in theface of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portuguese Adult Athletes / Resiliencia frente a la Pandemia de COVID-19 en los/as Deportistas Adultos/as Portugueses/as / Resiliência face à Pandemia COVID-19 em Atletas Adultos/as Portugueses/as

COVID-19 triggered the most significant global state of emergency since World War II, establishing a long-lasting and challenging transition period in anyone's life. In the case of athletes, some specific challenges arise, particularly those associated with the restrictions in training and competitions imposed by sanitary measures. This exploratory and cross-sectional study aims to understand athletes' resilience in the face of COVID-19. The data was collected between December 2020 and March 2021 from 1016 participants with a mean age of 30 years (SD=12.5), ranging from 18 to 83 years, and an average of 14 years of federated practice (SD=9.55). Resilience was measured through a tripartite assessment of its domains: adversity factors (personal experience with the virus, effects on sports practice, and fear of COVID-19), protection mechanisms (satisfaction with social support and coping strategies), and adjustment (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and subjective impact of the pandemic). The results suggest that the drop in training characteristics, time without trainingand lockdown, fear of COVID-19, and behavioral disengagement are negative predictors of positive adjustment. On the other hand, active coping and satisfaction with social support were positively associated with athletes' adaptation. Furthermore, it was found that being female is an additional adversity factor and that external circumstances, such as the severity of the pandemic, seem to interfere with the participants' adjustment. In conclusion, results suggest that sports institutions should prioritizeathletes’ mental health and promote their sports practice as much as possible.(AU)

La COVID-19 desencadenó el mayor estado de emergencia mundial desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, estableciendo un período de transición duradero y desafiante en la vida de cualquiera. En el caso de los/as deportistas, surgen algunos retos específicos, especialmente los asociados a las restricciones en los entrenamientos y las competiciones, impuestas por las medidas sanitarias. El objetivo principal de este estudio exploratorio y transversal es comprender la resiliencia de los/as atletas frente a la COVID-19.Los datos se recogieron entre diciembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021 de 1,016 participantes con una edad media de 30 años (±12.5), con un rango de 18 a 83 años, y con una media de 14 años de práctica federada (±9.55). La resiliencia se midió a través de una evaluación tripartita de sus dominios: factores de adversidad (experiencia personal con el virus, efectos en la práctica deportivay miedo al COVID-19), mecanismos de protección (satisfacción con el apoyo social y estrategias de afrontamiento) y ajuste (satisfacción vital, afecto positivo y negativo e impacto subjetivo de la pandemia). Los resultados sugieren que el descenso de las características del entreno, el tiempo sin entrenar y en confinamiento, el miedo al COVID-19 y la desvinculación conductual son predictores negativos del ajuste positivo. Por otro lado, el afrontamiento activo y la satisfacción con el apoyo social se asociaron positivamente con la adaptación de los/as deportistas. Además, se encontró que ser mujer es un factor de adversidad adicional y que las circunstancias externas, como la gravedad de la pandemia, parecen interferir en la adaptación de los/as participantes. En conclusión, los resultados sugieren que las instituciones deportivas deberían priorizar la salud mental de los/as atletas y promover su práctica deportiva en la medida de lo posible.(AU)

A COVID-19 desencadeou o maior estado de emergência global desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, estabelecendo um período de transição duradouro e desafiante na vida de qualquer pessoa. No caso dos atletas federados, surgiram alguns desafios específicos, particularmente associados às restrições nos treinos e competições impostas por medidas sanitárias. O principal objetivo deste estudo exploratório de natureza trasnversal é compreender aresiliência dos/as atletas federados/as face à COVID-19. Os dados foram recolhidos entre dezembro de 2020 e março de 2021 junto de 1016 participantes com uma idade média de 30 anos (DP=12.5), variando de 18 a 83 anos, e com uma média de 14 anos de prática federada (DP=9.55). A resiliência foi medida através de uma avaliação tripartida dos seus domínios: fatores de risco (experiência pessoal com o vírus, efeitos na prática desportiva, e medo da COVID-19), mecanismos de proteção (satisfação com o apoio social e estratégias de coping), e ajustamento (satisfação com a vida, afeto positivo e negativo, e impacto subjetivo da pandemia). Os resultados sugerem que a queda nas características do treino, o tempo sem treino e em confinamento, o medo da COVID-19 e o desinvestimento comportamental são preditores negativos de ajustamento positivo. Por outro lado, o coping ativo e a satisfação com o apoio social foram positivamente associados à adaptação dos/as atletas. Além disso, verificou-se que ser mulher é um fatorde risco adicional e que circunstâncias externas, tais como a gravidade da pandemia, parecem interferir com o ajustamento dos/as participantes. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que as instituições desportivas devem dar prioridade à saúde mental dos/as atletas e promovera sua prática desportiva tanto quanto possível.(AU)

Influence of social support and stressful life events on adherence to colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood test in Spanish medium risk population.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Five-year survival rate in Spain is 57%. The most important prognostic factor is the stage of the tumor at the diagnosis. CRC can be early diagnosed, but the adherence to screening programs is low (<50%). This study aims to ascertain the influence of social support and stressful life events on the adherence to the population screening of CRC with fecal occult blood test in Spanish average risk population. METHODS: Multicenter case-control study. We conducted a simple random sampling among individuals invited to participate in the colorectal cancer screening program. We analyzed epidemiological and social variables associated with lifestyle and behavioral factors. We performed a descriptive and a bivariant analyses and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Four hundred and eight patients (237 cases and 171 controls) were included. Multivariant analyses showed independent association between higher adherence to the screening program and older age (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10), stable partner (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89) and wide social network (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07-2.66). Otherwise, lower adherence was associated to perceiving barriers to participate in the program (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88-0.96). We find a statistically significant association between lower adherence and high impact stressful life events in the bivariant analyses, and the tendency was maintained (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.37-1.08) in the multivariant. CONCLUSION: Social variables decisively influence the adherence to colorectal cancer screening. The implementation of social interventions that improve social support, reduce impact of stressful life events and the design of screening programs that decrease the perceived barriers, will contribute to increase the participation on these programs. Secondary, the colorectal cancer diagnosis will be made in early-stages with the consequent mortality reduction.

Beneficios de pertenecer a un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple: un estudio cualitativo / Benefits of being part of a support group for caregivers of children with multiple disabilities: a qualitative study

RESUMEN Objetivo. Explorar la percepción de los beneficios de participar en un grupo de apoyo de cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, enfoque etnográfico focalizado, realizado de octubre del 2022 a febrero del 2023, muestreo por conveniencia, participaron 20 cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad múltiple. La información se recolectó mediante observación participante, grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se realizó análisis temático aplicando las propuestas por Braun y Clark. Resultados. Los temas emergentes fueron: red de apoyo social: integrarse, informarse y ayudarse mutuamente; espacio de aprendizaje: se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse; promueve el empoderamiento: identificar y enfrentar barreras de acceso. Conclusiones. El grupo de apoyo funciona como una red de apoyo social, proporciona información, reduce la incertidumbre, facilita el afrontamiento y la resiliencia tras el nacimiento y crianza de un hijo con discapacidad múltiple. Espacio donde se aprende a cuidar y a cuidarse a sí mismo y donde se promueve el empoderamiento para la defensa de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad.

ABSTRACT Objective . To explore the perceived benefits of participating in a support group of caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Materials and methods. A qualitative study with a focused ethnographic approach was conducted from October 2022 to February 2023, in which we applied convenience sampling. We included 20 caregivers of children with multiple disabilities. Information was collected through participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed by applying Braun and Clark's proposals. Results. The emerging themes were: social support network: integrating, informing, and helping each other; learning space: learning to take care and to take care of oneself; promoting empowerment: identifying and facing access barriers. Conclusions. We found that the support group functions as a social support network provides information, reduces uncertainty, and facilitates coping and resilience after the birth and upbringing of a child with multiple disabilities. It is a space where one learns to care for and take care of oneself and where empowerment for the defense of the rights of children with disabilities is promoted.

Mental workload and social support in primary health care workers / Carga de trabajo mental y apoyo social en trabajadores de atención primaria de salud / Carga mental de trabalho e o apoio social em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship between mental workload and social support in Primary Health Care workers. Method: This is a quantitative cross-sectional survey with healthcare professionals from Primary Health Care in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected online between July 2021 and April 2022, using the questionnaire with sociodemographic, employment and healthcare profile information; Job Stress Scale; and Subjective Mental Workload Scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, chi-square or Fischer's exact test (with statistical significance established at p<0.05) and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The largest group of workers had an adequate mental workload (48.7%) and there was a prevalence of low social support (57.6%). Mental load had a significant association with having time for leisure (p<0.001) and satisfaction with work (p=0.028). Furthermore, satisfaction with work had a significant relationship with social support (p<0.001). Furthermore, social support had negative and significant correlations with mental load in the health consequences (r=-0.377; p<0.001) and work characteristics (r=-0.192; p=0.008) dimensions. Conclusion: Workers with a high mental workload have a lower perception of social support, which may have an impact on their health, considering work characteristics. Furthermore, aspects of satisfaction and leisure activities should be promoted as a way of promoting quality of life at work.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre carga de trabajo mental y apoyo social en trabajadores de atención primaria de salud. Método: Se trata de una encuesta cuantitativa transversal con profesionales de la salud de la Atención Primaria de Salud de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron en línea entre julio de 2021 y abril de 2022 a través de un cuestionario con información del perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y de salud, Job Stress Scale y Escala de Carga Mental Subjetiva en el Trabajo. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva, correlación de Spearman, chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fischer (con significación estadística establecida en p<0,05) y consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Un grupo mayor de trabajadores tenía una carga de trabajo mental adecuada (48,7%) y prevalecía un bajo apoyo social (57,6%). La carga mental tuvo asociación significativa con tener tiempo para ocio (p<0,001) y satisfacción con el trabajo (p=0,028). Además, la satisfacción con el trabajo tuvo una relación significativa con el apoyo social (p<0,001). Además, el apoyo social tuvo correlaciones negativas y significativas con la carga mental en las dimensiones consecuencias para la salud (r=-0,377; p<0,001) y características laborales (r=-0,192; p=0,008). Conclusión: Los trabajadores con alta carga mental de trabajo tienen una menor percepción de apoyo social, lo que puede repercutir en su salud, considerando las características del trabajo. Además, se deben potenciar aspectos de satisfacción y actividades de ocio como forma de promover la calidad de vida en el trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a carga mental de trabalho e o apoio social em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde. Método: trata-se da pesquisa transversal quantitativa com profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados online entre julho de 2021 e abril de 2022, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário com informações sociodemográficas, laborais e perfil de saúde; Job Stress Scale; e Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental no Trabalho. Analisaram-se os dados com estatística descritiva, correlação de Spearman, teste Qui-Quadrado ou Exato de Fischer (com significância estatística estabelecida em p<0,05) e consistência interna usando o coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: maior contigente de trabalhadores apresentou carga mental de trabalho adequada (48,7%) e houve prevalência de baixo apoio social (57,6%). A carga mental teve associação significativa com o ter tempo para lazer (p<0,001) e satisfação com o trabalho (p=0,028). Ainda, satisfação com o trabalho obteve relação significativa com apoio social (p<0,001). Ademais, apoio social teve correlações negativas e significativas com a carga mental nas dimensões consequências para a saúde (r=-0,377; p<0,001) e as características do trabalho (r=-0,192; p=0,008). Conclusão: os trabalhadores com alta carga mental têm menor percepção de apoio social, o que pode repercutir na saúde, considerando as características do trabalho. Ainda, os aspectos da satisfação e as atividades de lazer deveriam ser promovidos como forma de promoção de qualidade de vida no trabalho.

Fatores associados a adesão e barreiras a terapêutica medicamentosa: relação com o apoio social em idosos / Factors associated with medication adherence and therapeutic barriers: relationship with social support in the elderly / Factores asociados a la adherencia a la medicación y barreras terapéuticas: relación con el apoyo social en ancianos

Objetivo: associar a adesão e as barreiras da terapêutica medicamentosa com o apoio social em idosos. Método: estudo transversal e analítico, realizado em um ambulatório na cidade de São Paulo ­ SP, com 117 idosos, no período de março a novembro de 2019. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados o teste de Morisky Green (TMG) e a escala Brief Medical Questionnaire, e a Medical Outcomes Study. A correlação entre as variáveis foi realizada pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Em todas as análises comparativas foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: idosos que possuem apoio social na dimensão emocional e de informações apresentaram menores barreiras na adesão dos medicamentos (p=0,0216). Conclusões:esses resultados têm implicações importantes para a prática clínica, pois, os idosos mais vulneráveis com baixo apoio social possuem maiores barreiras ao uso da medicação

Objective: to associate adherence and barriers to medication therapy with social support in the elderly. Method: cross-sectional and analytical study, carried out in an outpatient clinic in the city of São Paulo ­ SP, with 117 elderly people, from March to November 2019. The Morisky Green test (TMG) and the Brief scale were used to collect data Medical Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study. The correlation between variables was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. In all comparative analyzes a significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95% were used. Results: elderly people who have social support in the emotional and informational dimensions presented lower barriers to medication adherence (p=0.0216). Conclusions: these results have important implications for clinical practice, as the most vulnerable elderly people with low social support have greater barriers to using medication

Objetivos: asociar la adherencia y barreras a la terapia con medicamentos con el apoyo social en ancianos. Método: estudio transversal y analítico, realizado en un ambulatorio de la ciudad de São Paulo ­ SP, con 117 ancianos, de marzo a noviembre de 2019. Se utilizó la prueba de Morisky Green (TMG) y la escala Brief para recolectar datos del Cuestionario Médico y el Estudio de Resultados Médicos. La correlación entre variables se realizó mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de Mann-Whitney. En todos los análisis comparativos se utilizó un nivel de significancia del 5% y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: los ancianos que cuentan con apoyo social en las dimensiones emocional e informacional presentaron menores barreras para la adherencia a la medicación (p=0,0216). Conclusiones: estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para la práctica clínica, ya que las personas mayores más vulnerables y con bajo apoyo social tienen mayores barreras para el uso de medicamentos

Apoio social na prática de atividade física de trabalhadores / Apoyo social en la práctica de actividad física de trabajadores / Social support in workers' physical activity

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a função dos apoios sociais formal e informal na prática de atividade física durante o tempo livre de trabalhadores. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 395 trabalhadores técnicos administrativos em uma universidade pública. Os dados foram coletados utilizando: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke e Escala de Apoio Social para a prática de Atividade Física. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, teste d de Cohen e Análise de Variância. Resultados Os participantes que referiram algum tipo de apoio para atividade física no tempo livre (92,2%) apresentaram maiores médias no escore de atividade física. O apoio institucional (58,0%) teve função de destaque como potencial influenciador em comparação ao apoio de chefias imediatas (14,2%), embora elas tenham exercido um certo diferencial entre os trabalhadores da manutenção. Conclusão O apoio social tem função importante na promoção da atividade física no tempo livre de trabalhadores. As iniciativas institucionais de estímulo ao comportamento ativo no ambiente de trabalho carecem de alinhamento com o incentivo por parte dos superiores imediatos, para que sejam mais efetivas.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la función del apoyo social formal e informal en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado con 395 trabajadores técnicos administrativos de una universidad pública. Los datos se recopilaron utilizando un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Actividad Física Habitual de Baecke y la Escala de Apoyo Social para la Práctica de Actividad Física. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, test-T de Student, prueba d de Cohen y análisis de varianza. Resultados Los participantes que relataron algún tipo de apoyo para actividad física en el tiempo libre (92,2 %) presentaron mayores promedios en el puntaje de actividad física. El apoyo institucional (58,0 %) tuvo una función destacada como posible influenciador en comparación con el apoyo de jefes directos (14,2 %), aunque estos últimos hayan ejercido cierto diferencial entre los trabajadores de mantenimiento. Conclusión El apoyo social tiene una función importante en la promoción de la actividad física en el tiempo libre de trabajadores. Las iniciativas institucionales de estímulo a un comportamiento activo en el ambiente de trabajo necesitan estar alineadas con el incentivo por parte de los superiores inmediatos para que sean más efectivas.

Abstract Objective To analyze the role of formal and informal social support in the practice of physical activity during workers' leisure time. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with 395 technical administrative workers at a public university. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire and Physical Activity and Social Support Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, Cohen's d test and Analysis of Variance. Results Participants who reported some type of support for physical activity in their leisure time (92.2%) had higher means in the physical activity score. Institutional support (58.0%) had a prominent role as a potential influencer compared to support from immediate superiors (14.2%), although they had a certain differential among maintenance workers. Conclusion Social support plays an important role in promoting physical activity in workers' leisure time. Institutional initiatives to encourage active behavior in the work environment need to be aligned with encouragement by immediate superiors so that they are more effective.

Desafios da prematuridade: importância da rede de apoio social na percepção de mães de neonatos / Challenges of prematurity: importance of the social support network in the perception of mothers of newborns / Desafíos de la prematuridad: importancia de la red de apoyo social en la percepción de las madres de recién nacidos

Introdução: o nascimento de um bebê prematuro, por vezes, necessita de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, o que resulta na mudança de toda dinâmica familiar. Isso ocorre devido ao longo período de hospitalização para o bebê e consequente permanência dos pais no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivo: conhecer os desafios da prematuridade e o papel do apoio social na percepção das mães durante o internamento do seu filho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas, com sete mães, entre março e agosto de 2018. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que entre os desafios mais comuns enfrentados pelas mães durante o período de internação estão relacionados ao medo da perda do filho hospitalizado, o apoio da equipe de enfermagem e da família as principais estratégias para enfrentar este momento. Conclusão: o reconhecimento dos desafios enfrentados e o apoio social por familiares e pela equipe de enfermagem são fundamentais a fim de minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias dos recém-nascidos durante o processo de hospitalização.

Introduction: the birth of a premature baby sometimes requires hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit, which results in a change in all family dynamics. This occurs due to the long period of hospitalization for the baby and the consequent permanence of the parents in the hospital environment. Objective: to know the challenges of prematurity and the role of social support in the perception of mothers during their child's hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: study with a qualitative approach, whose data were collected through interviews with seven mothers, between March and August 2018. The data were submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: it was found that among the most common challenges faced by mothers during the period of hospitalization are related to the fear of losing the hospitalized child, the support of the nursing team and the family are the main strategies to face this moment. Conclusion: recognition of the challenges faced and social support by family members and the nursing team are essential in order to minimize the difficulties faced by families of newborns during the hospitalization process.

Introducción: el nacimiento de un bebé prematuro en ocasiones requiere hospitalización en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, lo que resulta en cambios en toda la dinámica familiar. Esto ocurre debido al largo período de hospitalización del bebé y la consecuente estancia de los padres en el ambiente hospitalario. Objetivo: comprender los desafíos de la prematuridad y el papel del apoyo social en la percepción de las madres durante la hospitalización de su hijo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas a siete madres, entre marzo y agosto de 2018. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: se encontró que entre los desafíos más comunes que enfrentan las madres durante el período de hospitalización están relacionados con el miedo a perder a su hijo hospitalizado, siendo el apoyo del equipo de enfermería y de la familia las principales estrategias para afrontar este momento. Conclusión: el reconocimiento de los desafíos enfrentados y el apoyo social por parte de los familiares y del equipo de enfermería son fundamentales para minimizar las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de los recién nacidos durante el proceso de hospitalización.

Perceived friendships protect against the development of anger following childhood adversities in UK military veteran men residing in Northern Ireland.

Background: Experience of childhood adversity is associated with greater anger as an adult, particularly in men. Soldiers and veterans report higher incidence of adverse childhood experiences, many of whom also experience elevated rates of PTSD and anger. However, little is known about factors which may protect against the development of anger after experiencing childhood adversity.Objective: This study aims to assess the potential protective aspects of perceived social support in military veterans.Methods: Data from the Northern Ireland Veterans' Health and Wellbeing Study (N = 590, Mage = 56) was utilised in regression models to examine perceived social support (family, friend, partner; MSPSS) as a moderator of the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEQ-10) and anger (DAR-7). This sample comprised men who were UK Armed Forces veterans residing in Northern Ireland.Results: Significant interaction effects, visualised using interaction plots, were found between perceived friend support and both child abuse and household challenge. When men perceived high friend support, there was no association between child abuse or household challenge and anger. For veteran men who perceived the maximum amount of partner support, there was no association between child abuse and anger. Family support did not change the positive association between child abuse, child neglect or household challenge and future anger.Conclusions: This study indicates that it is especially important to foster supportive and empathetic friendships for men that have experienced adversity as a child, perhaps through programmes such as Men's Sheds, as these friendships may alleviate the negative influences of child abuse and household challenge on anger.

Perceived friend and partner support were protective factors against the development of anger for veterans that experienced child abuse or household challenge.Child neglect had the strongest association with adult anger, unchanged by any type of perceived support.Programmes which foster friendships may be particularly beneficial for veterans transitioning out of the military.