La enfermería salubrista para el alcance de las metas de salud de las sociedades / Salubrity-Based Nursing for Meeting the Health-Related Goals in the Societies

Introducción: La Salud Pública es una disciplina que tiene como elemento rector el enfoque interdisciplinar para lograr los esfuerzos organizados de las sociedades en el alcance de sus metas de Salud. La práctica de enfermería con la integración de este enfoque requiere la incorporación de referentes de disciplinas como la sociología y la antropología. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre una propuesta de definición y concreción de la práctica de enfermería desde la perspectiva salubrista con la integración de la sociología y la antropología. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada de teorías y modelos de enfermería. Se utilizó un texto clásico en esa temática que abarca los años 1863- actualidad. Se incorporó el análisis de un equipo de investigación interdisciplinar que, como parte de un proyecto nacional, trabaja en la creación de la propuesta teórica que sustenta la práctica mencionada. Conclusiones: La propuesta de una práctica de enfermería centrada en contribuir con la organización de las sociedades para alcanzar las metas de salud requiere de su definición y argumentación. Debe asumir los referentes de disciplinas esenciales tales como la antropología y la sociología. Los conceptos, las definiciones, las asociaciones y los métodos son algunos de los aspectos que disciplinas harán a esta práctica(AU)

Introduction: Public Health is a discipline whose guiding principle is the interdisciplinary approach to achieve the organized efforts of societies in the scope of their health-related goals. The practice of nursing with the integration of this approach requires the incorporation of references from disciplines such as sociology and anthropology. Objective: To reflect about a proposal for defining and specifying the concept of nursing practice based on a health-related perspective with the integration of sociology and anthropology. Methods: A systematized bibliographic review was carried out of nursing theories and models. A classic text was used about this topic, covering the years from 1863 to date. The analysis was incorporated of an interdisciplinary research team, which, as part of a national project, works on the creation of the theoretical proposal that supports the aforementioned practice. Conclusions: The proposal of a nursing practice focused on contributing to the organization of societies in order achieve health-related goals requires their definition and argumentation. It must assume the referents of essential disciplines such as anthropology and sociology(AU)

Global aspirations, local realities: the role of social science research in controlling neglected tropical diseases.

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are both drivers and manifestations of poverty and social inequality. Increased advocacy efforts since the mid-2000s have led to ambitious new control and elimination targets set for 2020 by the World Health Organisation. While these global aspirations represent significant policy momentum, there are multifaceted challenges in controlling infectious diseases in resource-poor local contexts that need to be acknowledged, understood and engaged. However a number of recent publications have emphasised the "neglected" status of applied social science research on NTDs. In light of the 2020 targets, this paper explores the social science/NTD literature and unpacks some of the ways in which social inquiry can help support effective and sustainable interventions. Five priority areas are discussed, including on policy processes, health systems capacity, compliance and resistance to interventions, education and behaviour change, and community participation. The paper shows that despite the multifaceted value of having anthropological and sociological perspectives integrated into NTD programmes, contemporary efforts underutilise this potential. This is reflective of the dominance of top-down information flows and technocratic approaches in global health. To counter this tendency, social research needs to be more than an afterthought; integrating social inquiry into the planning, monitoring and evaluating process will help ensure that flexibility and adaptability to local realities are built into interventions. More emphasis on social science perspectives can also help link NTD control to broader social determinants of health, especially important given the major social and economic inequalities that continue to underpin transmission in endemic countries.