ABSTRACT
Introducción: el cáncer cervicouterino persiste como un problema de salud no resuelto a nivel mundial; después del cáncer de mama, es el más frecuente en el sexo femenino y ocupa el séptimo lugar entre todas las neoplasias malignas que afectan a ambos sexos. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino en el municipio de Rafael Freyre entre 1997 y 2014. Método: se realizó un estudio de mortalidad con las 56 fallecidas reportadas por esa causa en el municipio y períodos referidos. Como fuente de datos se utilizó el reporte mensual computarizado que envía el Departamento de Estadísticas provincial de los fallecidos a cada municipio. Resultados: la tasa media anual de mortalidad en el municipio fue de 12,3 x 100 000 mujeres; los grupos de edades más afectados son los de 70-74 y 80 y más, con tasas de 62,5 y 60,0, respectivamente. Las áreas geográficas de mayor riesgo epidemiológico de fallecer las mujeres por esta causa fueron el Área de Salud de Santa Lucía y los consejos populares de "Carlos Noris", Dagame y Santa Lucía, con tasas de mortalidad de 23,5; 21,5 y 19,5, respectivamente. Conclusiones: este problema de salud tiene una tendencia descendente en el municipio, pero la tasa de mortalidad media anual supera la tasa provincial y la nacional.
Introduction: cervical cancer persists as an unresolved health problem worldwide; after breast cancer, it is the most frequent in females and ranks seventh among all malignant neoplasms affecting both sexes. Objective: to describe the behavior of cervical cancer mortality in the municipality of Rafael Freyre among the years 1997-2014. Methods: a mortality study was carried out, as universe was chosen the 56 deceaseds reported by that cause in the municipality at referred periods, as a source of data was used the monthly report of death on-line that sends the provincial department of health in Holguin. Results: the annual half rate of mortality in the Municipality was 12.3 x 100 000 women, the groups of ages more affected were 70-74 years and 80 and but, with rates of 62.5 and 60.0 respectively. The geographical areas of more epidemic risk of dying the women for this cause were, the Area of Health of "Santa Lucía" and popular Council of "Carlos Noris", "Dagame" and "Santa Lucía" with rates of mortality of 23.5, 21.5 and 19.5 respectively. Conclusions: this problem of health has a descending tendency in the municipality, but the rate half annual of mortality overcomes the provincial and national rate.
ABSTRACT
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants accumulating along the food chain, and particularly in fish. Consequently, the European Commission has set regulatory limits for PCBs in both sea- and freshwater fish. Focusing on freshwater fish, the French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety has developed a method to determine the areas in France where the consumption of locally caught freshwater fish is not recommended due to PCB contamination. To determine these areas of potential health concern, an existing statistical model of the relationship between the consumption of local fish by freshwater anglers and their PCB body burden is linked to a newly determined critical PCB body burden threshold for the population. The main conclusions of this study are that the consumption of two freshwater fish per week from rivers in the areas of France where the median contamination level in fish is greater than 250 ng g-1 could lead to some exceedance of the critical body burden threshold.
Subject(s)
Fishes , Food Contamination/analysis , Fresh Water/chemistry , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Animals , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Occupational science and therapy scholars have argued that research on inequality in health is needed. Simultaneously, a knowledge gap between how to understand and take action on health inequalities exists in occupational science and therapy. OBJECTIVE: To identify how inequality in health, high-risk areas of health, and engagement in health for low-income adult citizens have been described and conceptualized in contemporary occupational science and therapy literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A structured literature review of 37 publications in occupational science and therapy literature, published from 2004 to 2014. FINDINGS: The review revealed several descriptions and conceptualizations based on environmental, social, cultural, historical, and personal perspectives on occupation and already existing occupational science concepts. However, these descriptions were mainly based on assumptions regarding the relation between occupation and inequality in health, and statements on the need to explore this relation. CONCLUSION: Basic theory and reasoning, as well as empirical studies, on inequality in health are missing in occupational science and therapy. Based on the findings and theoretical trends, the authors suggest a transactional perspective on occupation is a possible frame for understanding inequality in health and related issues.
Subject(s)
Health Status Disparities , Occupations , Health Promotion/methods , Healthcare Disparities , Humans , Occupational Therapy , PovertyABSTRACT
Como parte del proceso de informatización del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) en Cuba surge la necesidad de contar con una solución informática al menor costo posible para la gestión de la información de salud, de cara a todos los profesionales, técnicos y dirigentes que toman decisiones asistenciales, clínicas o de gestión en salud. La solución tiene que ser eficiente al permitir a los usuarios autorizados combinar la información de los diferentes módulos que componen el Sistema de Información para la Salud (SISalud) y desplegarse centralizadamente para acceder desde cualquier nivel del SNS. Para compartir la información con otros sistemas, el Registro Informatizado de Salud (RIS) sigue una arquitectura orientada a servicios y basada en componentes, formando parte de la estructura de SISalud. Como componentes del RIS se dispone en la actualidad de nomencladores nacionales geográficos, que gestionan de manera homogénea la información del Registro de Ubicación Geográfica, el Registro de Localidades del país y el Registro de las Áreas de Salud, incorporando así la fortaleza de los procesos definidos en el SNS y respetando los procedimientos oficiales que garanticen la confidencialidad de la información de salud. Se expone el impacto para el proceso de informatización del sector a partir de la etapa de piloto o censo. El Proyecto RIS contribuye a un objetivo nacional y sus resultados se generalizan a lo largo del país, produciendo cambios en la gestión de las unidades de salud, pues los recursos humanos deben capacitarse y elevar su cultura informacional(AU)
As part of the process of computerization of the National Health System (NHS) in Cuba there is the need for an IT solution at the lowest cost for the management of health information. The solution must be efficient to allow authorized users to combine information from different modules in the system for Health Information (SISalud) and must be deployed centrally for access from any level of the NHS. To share information with other systems, the Computerized Health Record (RIS) follows a service-oriented architecture and component-based, being part of SISalud structure. Currently available as components of the RIS are geographic nomenclatures, uniformly managing information on the Register of Geographical Location, the Locations Registry and the Registry of the Health Areas, incorporating the strength of the processes defined in the NHS and respecting formal procedures to ensure the confidentiality of health information. We discuss the impact on the sector computerization process from the pilot stage. The RIS project contributes to a national objective and results are generalized throughout the country, producing changes in the management of health units(AU).
