Fracturas osteocondrales de la rodilla

Introducción: Las fracturas osteocondrales que afectan la articulación de la rodilla se presenta de forma aislada o asociada a otras afecciones traumáticas. El diagnóstico inicial es en ocasiones difícil de realizar por la convergencia de signos clínicos e imagenológicos. Objetivo: Brindar información actualizada sobre los elementos más importantes de esta enfermedad traumática. Métodos: La búsqueda y el análisis de la información se realizó en un periodo de 31 días (del primero al 31 de agosto de 2021) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras del idioma ingles: osteochondral lesions, osteochondral fractures, osteochondral injuries a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 315 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. Resultados: Se hace referencia al mecanismo de producción, aspecto artroscópico, localización, características en cuanto a extensión, profundidad, clasificación y desplazamiento. Se describen las modalidades imagenológicas empleadas en el diagnóstico y su utilidad. Con relación al diagnóstico diferencial se describen un grupo de enfermedades con características similares. Se mencionan las modalidades de tratamiento basadas en el tamaño y tiempo de evolución. Conclusiones: Las fracturas osteocondrales son lesiones frecuentes, para su diagnóstico se necesita de un alto índice de sospecha, ya que el diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico inicial no son concluyentes en la mayoría de los pacientes por estar combinada con otras afecciones.

Introduction: Osteochondral fractures that affect the knee joint occur in isolation or associated with other traumatic conditions. The initial diagnosis is sometimes difficult to make due to the convergence of clinical and imaging signs. Objective: To provide updated information on the most important elements of this traumatic entity. Methods: The search and analysis of the information was carried out in a period of 31 days (from August the first to the 31st, 2021) and the following words of the English language were used: osteochondral lesions, osteochondral fractures, osteochondral injuries from the Information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 315 articles published in the PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases was carried out using the EndNote search manager and reference manager. Results: Reference is made to the mechanism of production, arthroscopic appearance, location, characteristics in terms of extension, depth, classification and displacement. The imaging modalities used in diagnosis and their usefulness are described. Regarding the differential diagnosis, a group of entities with similar characteristics are described. Treatment modalities based on size and time of evolution are mentioned. Conclusions: Osteochondral fractures are frequent injuries, for their diagnosis a high index of suspicion is needed, since the initial clinical and imaging diagnosis are not conclusive in most patients because they are combined with other conditions.

Anatomical versus non-anatomical configuration of double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in acromioclavicular joint reconstruction.

PURPOSE: Horizontal instability is a common problem after acromioclavicular joint injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is a difference regarding horizontal stability between an anatomical and a non-anatomical configuration of the double tunnel coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction of the acromioclavicular joint. METHODS: Thirteen acromioclavicular joints of human cadaveric shoulders in ethanol-glycerin fixation were included in the study and underwent cyclic anterior and posterior translational testing at a load of 70 N using an electromechanical uniaxial testing machine. The shoulders were randomly assigned to the following groups: double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an anatomical configuration (DCTa) and double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an inverse configuration of the anatomical position (DCTb). The dislocation was recorded with a 3D optical measuring system. RESULTS: The total horizontal displacement (p10 = 0.0221; p5000 = 0.082) was significantly higher for the non-anatomical reconstruction (DCTb) compared to the anatomical reconstruction (DCTa) after every measured amount of cycles. The increase in displacement for DCTb group was overall higher than the increase in displacement for DCTa group but without significance. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the CC ligaments in an anatomical configuration with two suture devices results in a significantly higher stability of the AC joint in the horizontal plane than reconstruction of the CC ligaments in a non-anatomical configuration. Based on the results of this biomechanical in vitro study, the use of a double coraco-clavicular reconstruction should focus on an anatomically correct position of the suture devices.

Fractura de Hoffa / Hoffa's fracture

RESUMEN Introducción: Las fracturas del extremo distal del fémur son lesiones invalidantes. Entre ellas la fractura de Hoffa es una afección infrecuente de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre los elementos más importantes de esta enfermedad traumática. Métodos: La búsqueda y análisis de la información se realizó en un periodo de 60 días (primero de noviembre al 30 de diciembre de 2020) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras claves: Hoffa's fracture AND distal femur fracture a partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 529 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 37 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 35 de los últimos cinco años. Resultados: Se menciona el mecanismo de producción de alta y baja energía. Se hace referencia a las clasificaciones basadas en la radiografía simple y la tomografía axial computarizada. Se exponen las principales enfermedades asociadas a la fractura de Hoffa. Con relación al tratamiento se mencionan las modalidades conservadoras y quirúrgicas, en esta última, las vías de abordaje según la localización y tipo de fractura, con especial énfasis en la cirugía artroscópica. Conclusiones: La fractura de Hoffa es una lesión infrecuente provocada por un mecanismo de producción de alta energía y asociada en ocasiones a otras enfermedades traumáticas. El tratamiento de esta afección es por lo general de tipo quirúrgico y la modalidad a emplear está basada en la configuración geométrica de la fractura.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fractures of the distal end of the femur are disabling injuries, among them the Hoffa's fracture is an infrequent condition difficult to diagnose and treat. Objective: to update on the most important elements of this traumatic entity. Methods: The search and analysis of the information was carried out over a period of 60 days (November 1 to December 30, 2020) and the following words were used: Hoffa's fracture, AND distal femur fracture, based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 529 articles published in the PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases using the search manager and reference manager EndNote, 37 selected citations were used to perform the review, 35 of the last five years. Results: The mechanism of high and low energy production was mentioned. Reference was made to classifications based on plain radiography and computed tomography. The main entities associated with the Hoffa's fracture were exposed. In relation to treatment, conservative and surgical modalities were mentioned, in the latter, the approach routes according to the location and type of fracture, with special emphasis on arthroscopic surgery. Conclusions: Hoffa fracture is an infrequent injury caused by a high energy production mechanism and occasionally associated with other traumatic entities. The treatment of this condition is generally surgical; the modality to be used is based on the geometric configuration of the fracture.

Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: Arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy using the Thenar Portal.

BACKGROUND: Although the standard 1Radial and 1Ulnar portals allow for visualisation of most of the trapezium articular surface, the proximity of these two portals can often make arthroscopic triangulation and visualisation of the most lateral capsule and joint surface challenging. Despite its already reported advantages in improving visualisation, there is little literature reporting the clinical experience with the Thenar Portal. The purpose of this study is to describe potential complications and the short-term clinical-radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy using the Thenar Portal in order to determine its safety and efficacy as a standard working portal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients diagnosed with first carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis who were treated surgically with an arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy. Only patients with stage II or III osteoarthritis and a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. Twenty-two patients (24 thumbs) with an average age of 62 years met the inclusion criteria. The average follow-up was 52 months. Intra-operative and post-surgical complications were recorded. Objective evaluation consisted of an assessment of range of motion (ROM), grip and pinch strength. Subjective evaluation consisted of a DASH questionnaire and the visual analog scale to score pain at rest, during activities, and function. RESULTS: There were no intra- or post-surgical complications. In one case, pain persisted with a poor functional result, requiring a revision surgery. Average range of motion (compared with the contralateral) showed a statistically significant improvement in palmar abduction and radial abduction of the CMC joint: 50° vs. 55° (p=0.01235), and 50° vs. 55° (p=0.06009), respectively. There was no statistically significant improvement in thumb adduction, grip strength, or lateral and tip-pinch. All patients achieved retropulsion with their affected thumb. According to the VAS, average rest pain improved from 7.5 to 0 (p<0.001) and from 9 to 0 (p<0.001) during activity. The average final function and QuickDASH were 9 (VAS) and 8, respectively (p<0.001). The average radiographic proximal migration of the first metacarpal was 2.9mm (range: 0.7-5.8mm). DISCUSSION: Arthroscopic hemitrapeziectomy using the Thenar portal: 1) improved visualisation of the trapeziometacarpal joint, 2) facilitated arthroscopic triangulation, and 3) represents a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of thumb osteoarthritis, with pain relief and function improvement in most patients without a higher risk of complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Artroscopia y fibulectomía parcial simultánea en pacientes con gonartrosis y deformidad en varo / Simultaneous arthroscopc and partial fibulectomy in patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus knee

RESUMEN Fundamento: la gonartrosis es una enfermedad frecuente relacionada con el incremento de la calidad y expectativa de vida de la población, en la evolución de este padecimiento existen factores que aceleran sus manifestaciones entre ellos la deformidad en varo. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica combinada de artroscopia, fibulectomía parcial y proximal en pacientes con gonartrosis y deformidad en varo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental modalidad antes y después sin grupo de control en 25 pacientes con el diagnóstico de gonartrosis primaria asociada a deformidad en varo, en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la provincia Camagüey desde abril 2016 a agosto de 2019. La investigación tiene un nivel de evidencia II recomendación B. Resultados: predominio del sexo femenino al masculino con una razón de 2,12 a 1. La enfermedad intrarticular más frecuente fue la lesión de meniscos y cartílagos grados III/IV. Se encontró significación entre un antes y después al aplicar las escalas evaluativas. El procedimiento artroscópico más empleado fue la meniscectomía. Conclusiones: la realización simultanea de artroscopia y fibulectomía parcial proximal es una técnica efectiva y sencilla con un mínimo de complicaciones, permite corregir la deformidad angular de la extremidad, al mismo tiempo de tratar lesiones intrarticulares, en especial las de menisco y cartílago.

ABSTRACT Background: gonarthrosis is a frequent entity related to the increase in the quality and life expectancy of the population, in the evolution of this disease there are factors that accelerate its manifestations including varus deformity. Objective: to evaluate the results of the combined surgical technique of arthroscopy, partial and proximal fibulectomy in patients with gonarthrosis and varus deformity. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was performed before and after without a control group in 25 patients with the diagnosis of primary gonarthrosis associated with varus deformity, at the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in the city of Camagüey from April 2016 to August 2019. The investigation has a level of evidence II recommendation B. Results: female prevailed to male sex with a ratio of 2.12 to 1. The most common intra-articular entity was the meniscus lesion and cartilage grades III/IV. Significance was found between a before and after applying the evaluation scales. The most commonly used arthroscopic procedure was meniscectomy. Conclusions: the simultaneous performance of arthroscopy and proximal partial fibulectomy is an effective and simple technique with a minimum of complications, it allows correcting the angular deformity of the limb, while treating intra-articular lesions, especially those of meniscus and cartilage.

Wrist Arthroscopy in Athletes.

Arthroscopy is a surgical technique whose indication for wrist injuries has grown in recent years. Athletes are subject to traumatic injury to the wrist due to training overload or the intensity of the activity during competition. The need of a quick return to sports practice makes arthroscopy a very useful minimally invasive technique in these situations. The authors present indications of sports-related injuries to the wrist that can be treated by arthroscopy. A literature review is also presented.

Wrist Arthroscopy in Athletes / Artroscopia de punho em atletas

Abstract Arthroscopy is a surgical technique whose indication for wrist injuries has grown in recent years. Athletes are subject to traumatic injury to the wrist due to training overload or the intensity of the activity during competition. The need of a quick return to sports practice makes arthroscopy a very useful minimally invasive technique in these situations. The authors present indications of sports-related injuries to the wrist that can be treated by arthroscopy. A literature review is also presented.

Resumo A artroscopia é uma técnica cirúrgica que tem sido cada vez mais usada para a abordagem de lesões no punho. Atletas estão sujeitos a lesões traumáticas no punho devido à sobrecarga de treinamento ou à intensidade da atividade em competição. A necessidade de retornar o mais breve possível à pratica esportiva faz da artroscopia uma técnica minimamente invasiva muito útil nessas situações. Os autores apresentam as principais indicações de tratamento de lesões esportivas por artroscopia. Foi feita uma revisão da literatura.

Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction: an additional acromioclavicular cerclage does not improve horizontal stability in double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique.

PURPOSE: Horizontal instability-especially in the posterior plane-is a common problem after acromioclavicular joint injuries. The purpose was to compare the stability of a single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique and a double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique for coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction and to examine the influence of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage on the horizontal stability in the acromioclavicular joint. METHODS: 21 acromioclavicular joints of human cadaveric shoulders were randomly assigned to the following groups: single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with horizontal augmented acromioclavicular cerclage (SCT + AC); double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique (DCT); double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique and acromioclavicular cerclage (DCT + AC). The specimens underwent cyclic horizontal testing and were recorded using a 3D optical measuring system. RESULTS: The displacement and the increase in displacement in relation to the displacement after precondition for SCT + AC were significantly higher after every measured amount of cycles than for DCT (p10 = 0.0023; p5000 = 0.0012) and DCT + AC (p10 = 0.0006; p5000 = 0.0012). There was no significant difference in the total displacement, or in the increase in total displacement between double coraco-clavicular tunnel reconstructed groups with and without additional acromioclavicular cerclage. CONCLUSION: Double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with and without additional acromioclavicular cerclage results in a significant higher stability regarding the horizontal plane in comparison to single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique with acromioclavicular cerclage. Based on the results of this biomechanical in vitro study, the use of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage with single coraco-clavicular tunnel technique may not be indicated in most cases. The effect of an additional acromioclavicular cerclage seems to be negligible, at least in presence of a double-coraco-clavicular tunnel technique reconstruction. Techniques of AC joint reconstruction should focus on the use of double coraco-clavicular tunnel devices.

Subtar arthroscopic debridment for the treatment of sinus tarsi syndrome: case series

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to report the results of arthroscopic debridement of the subtalar joint in eight patients with Sinus Tarsi Syndrome (STS) refractory to conservative treatment. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of eight patients with STS who underwent subtalar arthroscopy for debridement of the sinus tarsi between January 2015 and January 2017 after six months of conservative treatment. All patients answered an epidemiological questionnaire and underwent functional evaluation with the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS) in the preoperative and in the last evaluation (average of 12 months - 6-24 months). RESULTS: All patients showed severe synovitis in the region. Seven patients had remnants of the talocalcaneal ligaments and six of the cervical ligament. AOFAS increased by 30 points on average (51.75 in the preoperative period to 82.62 in the last follow-up) and the VAS decreased on average by 5 points (7.37 preoperatively to 2.12 in the last follow-up). These results were statistically significant with p = 0.043 and p = 0.032 respectively. Six patients described the result as excellent and two as good. No complications were reported. All patients returned to sports after six months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic debridement of the subtalar joint is an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of STS refractory to conservative treatment. More studies, with a prospective methodology, are necessary to prove the results of this technique.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo é relatar os resultados do desbridamento artroscópico da subtalar em oito pacientes portadores da Síndrome do Seio do Tarso (SST) refratária ao tratamento conservador. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo com oito pacientes com diagnóstico de STT que foram submetidos à artroscopia subtalar para desbridamento do seio do tarso entre janeiro de 2015 e janeiro de 2017, após seis meses de tratamento conservador. Todos os pacientes responderam questionário epidemiológico e foram submetidos à avaliação funcional com a Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA) e o American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (Aofas) no pré-operatório e na última avaliação, em uma média de 12 meses (6-24 meses). RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes exibiram intensa sinovite na região. Sete pacientes tinham resquícios de ligamentos talocalcaneanos e seis do ligamento cervical. O Aofas aumentou 30 pontos em média (51,75 no pré-operatório para 82,62 no último seguimento) e a EVA diminuiu em média 5 pontos (7,37 no pré-operatório para 2,12 no último seguimento). Esses resultados foram estatisticamente significativos com p = 0,043 e p = 0,032, respectivamente. Seis pacientes descreveram o resultado como excelente e dois como bom. Nenhuma complicação foi relatada. Todos os pacientes retornaram ao esporte após seis meses de acompanhamento. CONCLUSÃO: O desbridamento artroscópico da subtalar é uma alternativa eficaz e segura no tratamento da SST refratária ao tratamento conservador. Mais estudos, com metodologia prospectiva, são necessários para comprovar os resultados da técnica.

Artroscopia de rodilla y ostectomía del peroné simultánea: a propósito de un caso / Simultaneous knee arthroscopy and fibular ostectomy: a case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: la rodilla es una de las articulaciones más afectadas por el proceso degenerativo articular, se asocia a deformidades angulares en especial el varo, lo que hace más difícil su tratamiento. Objetivo: presentar el caso clínico de una paciente con artrosis de la rodilla y deformidad en varo tratada mediante artroscopia y ostectomía proximal del peroné de forma combinada y simultánea. Caso clínico: paciente de 64 años de edad, blanca, femenina sin antecedentes mórbidos de salud, la cual sufre de dolor de tipo mecánico a nivel de la rodilla izquierda alrededor de un año de evolución, que aumenta con la actividad física, se alivia con el reposo y la administración de analgésicos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El examen radiográfico simple de ambas rodillas mostró la desviación en varo evidenciado en la medición de los ángulos tibial y femorotibial, esta deformidad fue más acentuada en la rodilla izquierda. Para dar respuesta a esta situación, la paciente fue intervenida quirúrgicamente donde se le realizó artroscopia y ostectomía proximal del peroné de forma combinada y simultánea. Conclusiones: la técnica propuesta es ventajosa al combinar dos procedimientos en uno, es factible y reproducible en instituciones que cuenten con servicio de artroscopia.

ABSTRACT Background: knee is one of the joints most affected by osteoarthritis, associated to angular deformities especially the varus, which makes treatment even more difficult. Objective: to show a case report of a patient with knee osteoarthritis and varus deformity treated by simultaneous arthroscopy and proximal fibular ostectomy. Clinical case: a 64 year-old, white woman, without health morbid antecedents, was taken to the outpatient department complaining of left knee pain for a year, the pain gets worse with physical activities and reliefs with rest, pain killers and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Simple X Rays showed varus deformity of both knees more accentuated in the left one. Because of patient condition, she underwent surgery where it was performed a combined and simultaneous arthroscopy and proximal fibular ostectomy. Conclusions: the technique is a useful, while combining two procedures in one, and it is feasible and reproducible in institutions with arthroscopic service training.

Wrist arthroscopy: basic tips for dry arthroscopic exploration / Artroscopia de punho: dicas básicas para exploração artroscópica a seco

ABSTRACT Objective: This article provides details and tips on the dry arthroscopic technique, based on our experience and its clinical applications. Method: The technique was applied to 65 patients (33 men and 32 women) aged between 20 and 62 years (average of 35.4 years) for treating: synovial cyst resection, scapholunate ligament injury repair, ulnocarpal impact correction, triangular fibrocartilage injury repair, and assisted reduction of distal radius fractures. Results: A minimally invasive intra-articular evaluation has been observed as a benefit, with low infection rate, small scars, and high rates of early recovery, without affecting intra-articular fluid use, reducing the risk of compartment syndrome and infiltrated soft tissues, in the case of need for associated open surgery. As for the difficulties, we report the surgeon's view, which is commonly prevented by optical blurring or debris that hit the lens, and the need for radiofrequency care, since the heat generated is dissipated with greater difficulty than in the classical technique. Conclusion: Dry arthroscopy emerges as an effective choice to treat wrist pathologies, however, deep knowledge and ease with the classical technique, as well as a learning curve, are key to obtain a good outcome. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este artigo apresenta detalhes e dicas sobre a técnica de artroscopia seca, baseada em nossa experiência e em suas aplicações clínicas. Método: A técnica foi aplicada em 65 pacientes (33 homens e 32 mulheres) com idades entre 20 e 62 anos (média de 35,4 anos) para o tratamento de ressecção de cisto sinovial, reparo de lesão do ligamento escafo-semilunar, correção do impacto ulnocarpal, reparo de lesão da fibrocartilagem triangular e assistência na redução de fraturas da parte distal do rádio. Resultados: A avaliação intra-articular minimamente invasiva foi observada como benefício, com baixo índice de infecção, cicatrizes pequenas e altas taxas de recuperação precoce, sem prejuízo do uso intra-articular de líquido, reduzindo o risco de síndrome compartimental e tecidos moles infiltrados, no caso de necessidade de cirurgia aberta associada. Quanto às dificuldades, relatamos a visibilidade para o cirurgião, comumente impedida pelo turvação da óptica ou detritos salpicados na lente e a necessidade de cautela com a radiofrequência, pois o calor gerado é dissipado com maior dificuldade do que na técnica clássica. Conclusão: A artroscopia seca surge como opção efetiva no tratamento das patologias de punho, entretanto, o conhecimento profundo e as facilidades com a técnica clássica, bem como a curva de aprendizado, são fundamentais para obter um bom resultado. Nível de Evidência V, Opinião do Especialista.

Arthroscopy-assisted versus standard intramedullary nail fixation in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess applicability of arthroscopic technique in intramedullary nail fixation of humerus shaft fractures and to compare with conventional nailing in terms of its effects on perioperative and postoperative intra-articular complication rates as well as on clinical and functional outcomes. METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients (12 females and 28 males) indicated for surgery between either undergo arthroscopy-assisted (Arthroscopy-assisted intramedullary nailing [AIMN]; n = 20) or conventional (Intramedullary nailing [IMN]; n = 20) anterograde intramedullary nailing. Two groups were compared in terms of mean number of fluoroscopic shootings until the guide wire was inserted, time for union, length of hospital stay, and complication rates. Shoulder functions were assessed by Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. RESULTS: Groups did not significantly differ in terms of age, gender, and mechanism of injury, length of hospital stay, union rate, and mean union time ( p > 0.05). Mean ASES and Constant scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in AIMN group than that in IMN group ( p = 0.000 and p = 0.002, respectively). Mean number of fluoroscopic shootings until the guide wire was inserted was 2.15 in AIMN group, which was significantly lower compared to 4.2 of IMN group ( p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy-assisted technique may be an applicable and safe method owing to its cosmetic advantages and more satisfactory postoperative shoulder functions subsequent to less injury to deltoid, rotator cuff, and other soft tissue, as compared to conventional anterograde approach.

Analysis of postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for anterior instability.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the postoperative follow-up of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for treatment of anterior instability and correlate with the prevalence of recurrence. METHODS: A six-question survey was applied by phone and mail to 65 patients, seeking information on the current result of the surgical procedure. All patients were treated arthroscopically for anterior shoulder instability, with at least 12 months of postoperative time. Patients with associated posterior labial lesions and revision surgeries were not included. RESULTS: At the time of the survey the patients had a median of 56 (IQR: 34.5-110.5) postoperative months. The mean sample age was 24.6 years (maximum = 47, minimum = 12; SD = 7.3). Complaint of pain in the shoulder was observed in 20 patients (30.7%). Dislocation recurrence was observed in 10 patients (15.3%). Forty-four patients (67.6%) considered their shoulder normal, which was more frequent in non-recurrence patients (p < 0.001). Forty-three patients (66.1%) returned to their previous level of sport and there was no difference between recurrence and non-recurrence patients (p = 0.456). It was found that the prevalence of recurrence was 5.6 (95% CI: 1.30-24.46) times higher in individuals who abandoned monitoring before six months postoperatively (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The abandonment of postoperative monitoring in the early stages, when the patients receive orientation for muscle strengthening, proprioceptive education, and dangerous movements to avoid, can increase the rates of recurrent shoulder dislocation in patients treated for anterior instability by arthroscopy.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do ombro para tratamento de instabilidade anterior e correlacionar com a prevalência de recidiva. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado em 65 pacientes, através de ligação telefônica, um questionário que buscava informações sobre a situação atual do resultado do procedimento cirúrgico. Todos os pacientes foram operados para corrigir uma instabilidade anterior do ombro por artroscopia e tinham pelo menos 12 meses de pós-operatório. Não foram incluídos pacientes com associação de lesão labral posterior e cirurgias de revisão. RESULTADOS: O questionário foi aplicado com uma mediana de 56 (IIQ: 34,5 a 110,5) meses. A média de idade da amostra foi de 24,6 anos (máxima de 47 e mínima de 12 ­ DP 7,3). Foi verificada queixa de dor em 20 pacientes (30,7%) e recidiva da luxação em dez (15,3%). 44 pacientes (67,6%) consideraram seu ombro normal e 43 (66,1%) retornaram ao esporte prévio. Foi verificado que os indivíduos que abandonaram o acompanhamento pós-operatório antes dos seis meses tiveram uma prevalência 5,6 (IC 95%: 1,30-24,46) vezes maior de recidiva (p = 0,012). CONCLUSÃO: O abandono do acompanhamento pós-operatório na fase inicial, na qual o paciente recebe orientações para o reforço muscular e a educação proprioceptiva, pode colaborar no aumento do índice de recidiva da luxação nos pacientes tratados por artroscopia.

Analysis of postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for anterior instability / Análise do monitoramento pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do ombro para tratamento de instabilidade anterior

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Analyze the postoperative follow-up of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for treatment of anterior instability and correlate with the prevalence of recurrence. METHODS: A six-question survey was applied by phone and mail to 65 patients, seeking information on the current result of the surgical procedure. All patients were treated arthroscopically for anterior shoulder instability, with at least 12 months of postoperative time. Patients with associated posterior labial lesions and revision surgeries were not included. RESULTS: At the time of the survey the patients had a median of 56 (IQR: 34.5-110.5) postoperative months. The mean sample age was 24.6 years (maximum = 47, minimum = 12; SD = 7.3). Complaint of pain in the shoulder was observed in 20 patients (30.7%). Dislocation recurrence was observed in 10 patients (15.3%). Forty-four patients (67.6%) considered their shoulder normal, which was more frequent in non-recurrence patients (p< 0.001). Forty-three patients (66.1%) returned to their previous level of sport and there was no difference between recurrence and non-recurrence patients (p= 0.456). It was found that the prevalence of recurrence was 5.6 (95% CI: 1.30-24.46) times higher in individuals who abandoned monitoring before six months postoperatively (p= 0.012). CONCLUSION: The abandonment of postoperative monitoring in the early stages, when the patients receive orientation for muscle strengthening, proprioceptive education, and dangerous movements to avoid, can increase the rates of recurrent shoulder dislocation in patients treated for anterior instability by arthroscopy.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Analisar o acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do ombro para tratamento de instabilidade anterior e correlacionar com a prevalência de recidiva. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado em 65 pacientes, através de ligação telefônica, um questionário que buscava informações sobre a situação atual do resultado do procedimento cirúrgico. Todos os pacientes foram operados para corrigir uma instabilidade anterior do ombro por artroscopia e tinham pelo menos 12 meses de pós-operatório. Não foram incluídos pacientes com associação de lesão labral posterior e cirurgias de revisão. RESULTADOS: O questionário foi aplicado com uma mediana de 56 (IIQ: 34,5 a 110,5) meses. A média de idade da amostra foi de 24,6 anos (máxima de 47 e mínima de 12 - DP 7,3). Foi verificada queixa de dor em 20 pacientes (30,7%) e recidiva da luxação em dez (15,3%). 44 pacientes (67,6%) consideraram seu ombro normal e 43 (66,1%) retornaram ao esporte prévio. Foi verificado que os indivíduos que abandonaram o acompanhamento pós-operatório antes dos seis meses tiveram uma prevalência 5,6 (IC 95%: 1,30-24,46) vezes maior de recidiva (p = 0,012). CONCLUSÃO: O abandono do acompanhamento pós-operatório na fase inicial, na qual o paciente recebe orientações para o reforço muscular e a educação proprioceptiva, pode colaborar no aumento do índice de recidiva da luxação nos pacientes tratados por artroscopia.

Functional outcome after arthroscopic repair of triple shoulder instability.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcomes of patients submitted to arthroscopic repair of triple labral lesion. METHODS: This was an analytical retrospective study of patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment of triple labral lesion from March 2005 to December 2014. Patients with at least one year of postoperative follow-up were included. A total of nine patients were evaluated. The mean age was 32.3 years and the dominant side was affected in five patients. Patients were functionally assessed regarding the range of motion (ROM) in elevation, external rotation with the arm close to the body the arm in abduction of 90°, and internal rotation, and by the Carter-Rowe score. The degree of satisfaction was assessed at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Three patients had less than five episodes of instability, four patients had between five and ten episodes, and two patients had more than ten episodes. Seven patients had positive O'Brien test for SLAP lesions and positive apprehension test in abduction and external rotation, and only one patient had apprehension in adduction and internal rotation. Three patients persisted with positive O'Brien test and one with apprehension in abduction and external rotation at the end of follow-up. The range of motion was complete in all cases. The median Carter-Rowe score increased from 40 preoperatively to 90 (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic repair of triple labral lesions allows for the restoration of the stability of the glenohumeral joint, achieving excellent functional results.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados funcionais dos pacientes submetidos a reparo artroscópico da tríplice lesão labral do ombro. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico retrospectivo de pacientes com tríplice lesão labral do ombro, submetidos a tratamento artroscópico de março de 2005 a dezembro de 2014. Foram incluídos pacientes com pelo menos um ano de seguimento pós-operatório. Nove pacientes foram avaliados. A média foi de 32,3 anos e o lado dominante foi afetado em cinco pacientes. Os pacientes foram avaliados funcionalmente por meio da amplitude de movimento em elevação, rotação externa com o braço junto ao corpo e com o braço em abdução de 90°, rotação interna e por meio do escore de Carter-Rowe. O grau de satisfação foi avaliado no fim do seguimento. RESULTADOS: Três pacientes tiveram menos de cinco episódios de instabilidade, quatro entre cinco e dez e dois mais de dez. Sete pacientes tiveram teste de O'Brien positivo para lesão do lábio superior de anterior para posterior (Slap, do inglês superior labrum anterior to posterior lesion) e apreensão em abdução e rotação externa positiva; apenas um apresentou apreensão em adução e rotação interna. Três pacientes persistiram com teste de O'Brien positivo e um com apreensão em abdução e rotação externa no fim do seguimento. A amplitude de movimento esteve completa em todos os casos na última avaliação. A média do escore de Carter-Rowe aumentou de 40 no pré-operatório para 90 (p = 0,008). CONCLUSÃO: O reparo artroscópico da tríplice lesão labral permite restaurar a estabilidade da articulação glenoumeral e alcança excelentes resultados funcionais.

Functional outcome after arthroscopic repair of triple shoulder instability / Resultado funcional após reparo artroscópico da tríplice instabilidade do ombro

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcomes of patients submitted to arthroscopic repair of triple labral lesion. METHODS: This was an analytical retrospective study of patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment of triple labral lesion from March 2005 to December 2014. Patients with at least one year of postoperative follow-up were included. A total of nine patients were evaluated. The mean age was 32.3 years and the dominant side was affected in five patients. Patients were functionally assessed regarding the range of motion (ROM) in elevation, external rotation with the arm close to the body the arm in abduction of 90°, and internal rotation, and by the Carter-Rowe score. The degree of satisfaction was assessed at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Three patients had less than five episodes of instability, four patients had between five and ten episodes, and two patients had more than ten episodes. Seven patients had positive O'Brien test for SLAP lesions and positive apprehension test in abduction and external rotation, and only one patient had apprehension in adduction and internal rotation. Three patients persisted with positive O'Brien test and one with apprehension in abduction and external rotation at the end of follow-up. The range of motion was complete in all cases. The median Carter-Rowe score increased from 40 preoperatively to 90 (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic repair of triple labral lesions allows for the restoration of the stability of the glenohumeral joint, achieving excellent functional results.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados funcionais dos pacientes submetidos a reparo artroscópico da tríplice lesão labral do ombro. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico retrospectivo de pacientes com tríplice lesão labral do ombro, submetidos a tratamento artroscópico de março de 2005 a dezembro de 2014. Foram incluídos pacientes com pelo menos um ano de seguimento pós-operatório. Nove pacientes foram avaliados. A média foi de 32,3 anos e o lado dominante foi afetado em cinco pacientes. Os pacientes foram avaliados funcionalmente por meio da amplitude de movimento em elevação, rotação externa com o braço junto ao corpo e com o braço em abdução de 90°, rotação interna e por meio do escore de Carter-Rowe. O grau de satisfação foi avaliado no fim do seguimento. RESULTADOS: Três pacientes tiveram menos de cinco episódios de instabilidade, quatro entre cinco e dez e dois mais de dez. Sete pacientes tiveram teste de O'Brien positivo para lesão do lábio superior de anterior para posterior (Slap, do inglês superior labrum anterior to posterior lesion) e apreensão em abdução e rotação externa positiva; apenas um apresentou apreensão em adução e rotação interna. Três pacientes persistiram com teste de O'Brien positivo e um com apreensão em abdução e rotação externa no fim do seguimento. A amplitude de movimento esteve completa em todos os casos na última avaliação. A média do escore de Carter-Rowe aumentou de 40 no pré-operatório para 90 (p = 0,008) . CONCLUSÃO: O reparo artroscópico da tríplice lesão labral permite restaurar a estabilidade da articulação glenoumeral e alcança excelentes resultados funcionais.

WRIST ARTHROSCOPY: BASIC TIPS FOR DRY ARTHROSCOPIC EXPLORATION.

OBJECTIVE: This article provides details and tips on the dry arthroscopic technique, based on our experience and its clinical applications. METHOD: The technique was applied to 65 patients (33 men and 32 women) aged between 20 and 62 years (average of 35.4 years) for treating: synovial cyst resection, scapholunate ligament injury repair, ulnocarpal impact correction, triangular fibrocartilage injury repair, and assisted reduction of distal radius fractures. RESULTS: A minimally invasive intra-articular evaluation has been observed as a benefit, with low infection rate, small scars, and high rates of early recovery, without affecting intra-articular fluid use, reducing the risk of compartment syndrome and infiltrated soft tissues, in the case of need for associated open surgery. As for the difficulties, we report the surgeon's view, which is commonly prevented by optical blurring or debris that hit the lens, and the need for radiofrequency care, since the heat generated is dissipated with greater difficulty than in the classical technique. CONCLUSION: Dry arthroscopy emerges as an effective choice to treat wrist pathologies, however, deep knowledge and ease with the classical technique, as well as a learning curve, are key to obtain a good outcome. Level of Evidence V, Expert Opinion.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo apresenta detalhes e dicas sobre a técnica de artroscopia seca, baseada em nossa experiência e em suas aplicações clínicas. MÉTODO: A técnica foi aplicada em 65 pacientes (33 homens e 32 mulheres) com idades entre 20 e 62 anos (média de 35,4 anos) para o tratamento de ressecção de cisto sinovial, reparo de lesão do ligamento escafo-semilunar, correção do impacto ulnocarpal, reparo de lesão da fibrocartilagem triangular e assistência na redução de fraturas da parte distal do rádio. RESULTADOS: A avaliação intra-articular minimamente invasiva foi observada como benefício, com baixo índice de infecção, cicatrizes pequenas e altas taxas de recuperação precoce, sem prejuízo do uso intra-articular de líquido, reduzindo o risco de síndrome compartimental e tecidos moles infiltrados, no caso de necessidade de cirurgia aberta associada. Quanto às dificuldades, relatamos a visibilidade para o cirurgião, comumente impedida pelo turvação da óptica ou detritos salpicados na lente e a necessidade de cautela com a radiofrequência, pois o calor gerado é dissipado com maior dificuldade do que na técnica clássica. CONCLUSÃO: A artroscopia seca surge como opção efetiva no tratamento das patologias de punho, entretanto, o conhecimento profundo e as facilidades com a técnica clássica, bem como a curva de aprendizado, são fundamentais para obter um bom resultado. Nível de Evidência V, Opinião do Especialista.

Evaluation of the clinical-functional results from repairing extensive rotator cuff injury with inclusion of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of the arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to the biceps tendon. METHODS: From October 2003 to December 2007, 20 patients with massive rotator cuff tear which include the rotator interval were treated with arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to biceps tendon. Sixteen patients were female and four were male. The mean age was 58.95 years old. The dominant side was affected in 16 cases (80%). The outcomes were analysed according to the UCLA Score with a minimum follow-up period of two years. RESULTS: The UCLA score improved, on average, 14 points (p < 0.001). Six patients had excellent results; nine good; three fair and two poor results. The mean improvement of forward flexion was 33º (p < 0.001), 3º of external rotation (p < 0.396) and two vertebral levels for internal rotation (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to the biceps tendon leads to satisfactory results. .

Evaluation of the Clinical-functional Results from Repairing Extensive Rotator Cuff Injury with Inclusion of the Tendon of the Long Head of the Biceps.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of the arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to the biceps tendon. METHODS: From October 2003 to December 2007, 20 patients with massive rotator cuff tear which include the rotator interval were treated with arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to biceps tendon. Sixteen patients were female and four were male. The mean age was 58.95 years old. The dominant side was affected in 16 cases (80%). The outcomes were analysed according to the UCLA Score with a minimum follow-up period of two years. RESULTS: The UCLA score improved, on average, 14 points (p < 0.001). Six patients had excellent results; nine good; three fair and two poor results. The mean improvement of forward flexion was 33o (p < 0.001), 3o of external rotation (p < 0.396) and two vertebral levels for internal rotation (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic margin convergence of the posterior cuff to the biceps tendon leads to satisfactory results.

ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ELBOW STIFFNESS.

UNLABELLED: To present the arthroscopic surgical technique and the evaluation of the results from this technique for treating elbow stiffness. METHODS: Between April 2007 and January 2010, ten elbows of ten patients with elbow stiffness underwent arthroscopic treatment to release the range of motion. The minimum follow-up was 11 months, with an average of 27 months. All the patients were male and their average age was 32.8 years (ranging from 22 to 48 years). After the arthroscopic treatment, they were followed up weekly in the first month and every three months thereafter. The clinical evaluation was made using the criteria of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). RESULTS: All the patients were satisfied with the results from the arthroscopic treatment. The average UCLA score was 33.8 points. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment for elbow stiffness is a minimally invasive surgical technique that was shown to be efficient for treating this complication.