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Objetivos: Diseño, construcción y validación de un test autocumplimentable que permita al médico de familia (MF) valorar en qué medida integra en su práctica clínica la atención centrada en la persona (ACP).Diseño: Cualitativo. Diseño de cuestionarios. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Participantes: 214 MF y residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria de 62 de los 80 centros de salud de la comunidad autónoma de Murcia. Métodos: Construcción de un cuestionario a partir de un banco de 873 ítems provenientes de una revisión sistemática y un estudio Delphi. Revisión por panel de 8 expertos ACP. Realización de pretest cognitivo con 10 MF. Se invita a participar a los médicos de 62 centros de salud. Con las respuestas medimos la fiabilidad, la validez y la factibilidad. Resultados: El cuestionario final contiene 37 ítems. Medimos la fiabilidad a través de la consistencia interna con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,915. Para la validez de constructo, el test de esfericidad de Bartlett adecuado y la medida de Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin de 0,889 nos permitió realizar un análisis factorial con la extracción de nueve factores (regla de Kaiser), siendo 5 los principales (Scree Test), cuyos ítems coinciden con las dimensiones propuestas por los expertos. Para valorar su factibilidad consideramos la tasa de respuesta del 31,15%, el tiempo de respuesta de 17 minutos 23 segundos, y solo el 0,9% de encuestados consideraban el cuestionario largo o complejo. Conclusiones: El cuestionario ACPAPS es una herramienta fiable, válida y factible para valorar la ACP en el MF, lo cual tiene múltiples y trascendentes aplicaciones.(AU)
Objectives: Design, construction and validation of a self-completion test that allows the Family Physician (FP) to assess the extent to which he/she integrates person-centred care (PCC) in his/her clinical practice. Design: Qualitative. Questionnaire design. Location: Primary care. Participants: Two hundred and fourteen family and community medicine physicians and residents, from 62 of the 80 health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia (Spain). Methods: Construction of a questionnaire from a bank of 873 items from a systematic review and a Delphi study. Review by PCC panel of experts (8). Cognitive pretest with 10 FP. Doctors from 62 health centres were invited to participate. With the responses we measured reliability, validity and feasibility. Results: The final questionnaire contains 37 items. We measured reliability through internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .915. For construct validity, the appropriate Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of .889 allowed us to carry out a factor analysis with the extraction of nine factors (Kaiser's rule) with five main factors (Scree test) whose items coincide with the dimensions proposed by the experts. To assess its feasibility we considered the response rate of 31.15%, the response time of 17minutes 23seconds and only .9% of respondents considered the questionnaire long or complex. Conclusions: The ACPAPS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and feasible tool to assess PCC in FM, which has multiple and far-reaching applications.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient-Centered Care/methods , Physicians, Family , Physician-Patient Relations , Primary Health Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain , Patient Care , Quality of Health CareABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Design, construction and validation of a self-completion test that allows the Family Physician (FP) to assess the extent to which he/she integrates person-centred care (PCC) in his/her clinical practice. DESIGN: Qualitative. Questionnaire design. LOCATION: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and fourteen family and community medicine physicians and residents, from 62 of the 80 health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia (Spain). METHODS: Construction of a questionnaire from a bank of 873 items from a systematic review and a Delphi study. Review by PCC panel of experts (8). Cognitive pretest with 10 FP. Doctors from 62 health centres were invited to participate. With the responses we measured reliability, validity and feasibility. RESULTS: The final questionnaire contains 37 items. We measured reliability through internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .915. For construct validity, the appropriate Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of .889 allowed us to carry out a factor analysis with the extraction of nine factors (Kaiser's rule) with five main factors (Scree test) whose items coincide with the dimensions proposed by the experts. To assess its feasibility we considered the response rate of 31.15%, the response time of 17minutes 23seconds and only .9% of respondents considered the questionnaire long or complex. CONCLUSIONS: The ACPAPS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and feasible tool to assess PCC in FM, which has multiple and far-reaching applications.
Subject(s)
Patient-Centered Care , Physicians, Family , Female , Humans , Male , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introducción: La atención centrada en la persona (ACP) incluye la historia de vida, una forma de terapia de reminiscencia que puede ser útil en el tratamiento de la demencia. Comparamos la eficacia de usar un libro de historia de vida (LHV) digital o convencional sobre los síntomas depresivos, la comunicación, la cognición y la calidad de vida. Material y métodos: Treinta y una personas con demencia que viven en 2 centros residenciales que siguen un modelo ACP fueron aleatorizadas para recibir terapia de reminiscencia basada en el LHV digital NeuralActions (n=16) o un LHV convencional (n=15). Ambos grupos realizaron 2 sesiones semanales de 45 minutos durante 5 semanas y fueron evaluadas inmediatamente antes y después de la intervención. Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron con la escala de Cornell (CSDD); la comunicación con la escala de Holden (HCS), la cognición con el Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) y la calidad de vida con la escala de calidad de vida para el Alzheimer (QoL-AD). Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas con el programa jamovi 2.3. Resultados: Ambos LHV mejoraron las capacidades de comunicación (η2=0,115; p <0,001), sin diferencias entre grupos. No se encontraron efectos sobre la calidad de vida, la cognición, o el estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: En centros que siguen un modelo ACP, los LVH digitales o convencionales pueden ser útiles en el tratamiento de personas con demencia facilitando la comunicación. Su papel sobre la calidad de vida, cognición o estado de ánimo es incierto. (AU)
Introduction: Person-centered care (PCC) includes life story, a form of reminiscence therapy that can be useful in the treatment of dementia. We compared the efficacy of using a digital or conventional life story book (LSB) on depressive symptoms, communication, cognition, and quality of life. Material and methods: Thirty one persons with dementia living in 2 PCC nursing homes were randomly assigned to receive reminiscence therapy based on the Neural Actions digital LSB (n=16) or a conventional LSB (n=15). Both groups performed 2 weekly sessions of 45min for 5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Cornell scale (CSDD); communication with the Holden scale (HCS), cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and quality of life with the quality of life scale for Alzheimer's (QoL-AD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA of repeated measures with the jamovi 2.3 program. Results: Both LSB improved communication skills (η2=0.115; p<0.001), with no differences between groups. No effects on quality of life, cognition, or mood were found. Conclusions: In PCC centres digital or conventional LSB can be useful in the treatment of people with dementia by facilitating communication. Its role on quality of life, cognition or mood is uncertain. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dementia/therapy , Quality of Life , Homes for the Aged , Cognition , Pilot Projects , AffectABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Person-centered care (PCC) includes life story, a form of reminiscence therapy that can be useful in the treatment of dementia. We compared the efficacy of using a digital or conventional life story book (LSB) on depressive symptoms, communication, cognition, and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty one persons with dementia living in 2 PCC nursing homes were randomly assigned to receive reminiscence therapy based on the Neural Actions digital LSB (n=16) or a conventional LSB (n=15). Both groups performed 2 weekly sessions of 45min for 5 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Cornell scale (CSDD); communication with the Holden scale (HCS), cognition with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and quality of life with the quality of life scale for Alzheimer's (QoL-AD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA of repeated measures with the jamovi 2.3 program. RESULTS: Both LSB improved communication skills (η2=0.115; p<0.001), with no differences between groups. No effects on quality of life, cognition, or mood were found. CONCLUSIONS: In PCC centres digital or conventional LSB can be useful in the treatment of people with dementia by facilitating communication. Its role on quality of life, cognition or mood is uncertain.
Subject(s)
Dementia , Quality of Life , Humans , Cognition , Dementia/therapy , Nursing Homes , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
El Código de Ética del Colegio Médico del Perú establece que la medicina es una profesión científica y humanística. La Atención Centrada en la Persona ahora es reconocida como un componente fundamental de la atención médica de calidad porque se han observado numerosos resultados beneficiosos para los pacientes, incluidos familiares y proveedores. Objetivo. Explorar los argumentos de la medicina centrada en la persona para incorporarlos a nuestra especialidad y contribuir a mejorar la atención obstétrica. Metodología. Revisión no sistemática de la literatura, con selección de 72 referencias para construir este ensayo. Resultados. A lo largo del tiempo, las mujeres han sido atendidas por otras mujeres durante el parto. Sin embargo, en los hospitales de todo el mundo, el apoyo continuo durante el trabajo de parto a menudo se ha convertido excepcional. En la actualidad, las mujeres tienen su parto en un ambiente privado sin nadie que las acompañe, situación a ser cambiada, de acuerdo con las evidencias. La OMS recomienda la atención materna respetuosa y se refiere que la atención que mantiene la dignidad, la privacidad y el secreto profesional garantiza que no se haga daño ni maltrato, y permite la elección informada y el apoyo continuo durante el trabajo de parto y el parto. Conclusión. La revisión de la bibliografía muestra que la atención obstétrica centrada en la persona mejora la salud materna y perinatal.
The Code of Ethics of the Peruvian Medical Association states that medicine is a scientific and humanistic profession. Person-Centered Care is now recognized as a fundamental component of quality medical care because numerous beneficial outcomes have been observeds for patients, family members and providers. Objective: To explore the arguments for person-centered medicine in order to incorporate it into our specialty and contribute to improving obstetric care. Methodology: Non-systematic review of the literature with selection of 72 references to construct this trial. Results: Over time, women have been attended by other women during childbirth. However, in hospitals around the world continuous support during labor has often become the exception. Currently, women deliver in a private setting with no one to accompany them, a situation to be changed, according to the evidence. The WHO recommends respectful maternity care and refers to care that maintains dignity, privacy and professional secrecy ensures freedom that no harm or abuse is done and allows informed choice and ongoing support during labor and delivery. Conclusion: The literature review shows that person-centered obstetric care improves maternal and perinatal health.
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La Década del Envejecimiento Saludable reabre oportunidades para invertir en entornos adaptados a las personas mayores y en sistemas integrados de atención sanitaria y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar esas ventanas de oportunidad para Enfermería. El envejecimiento saludable implica que las personas mayores contribuyen a la sociedad durante más tiempo, con oportunidades para gozar de buena salud, y para mantener y desarrollar las capacidades, y que está determinado por la capacidad funcional, la capacidad intrínseca y el entorno físico y social. Para ello, son precisos sistemas sociales y de salud integrados, transformadores y centrados en las personas, en lugar de sistemas basados únicamente en la enfermedad. Enfermería puede contribuir cambiando la forma de pensar, de sentir y de actuar con respecto a la edad y el envejecimiento, ofreciendo una atención integrada y centrada en las personas, adaptando el modelo de cuidados, con el foco en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, y la atención de las personas mayores potenciando sus capacidades y su autonomía, en especial desde la Atención Primaria. Luchar contra el edadismo, formar a enfermeras en competencia de práctica avanzada, mejorar la accesibilidad, formar a las personas mayores y sus familias en materia digital, investigando sobre estos factores, son oportunidades que vuelve a abrir el Informe sobre la Década del Envejecimiento Saludable para Enfermería. (AU)
The Decade of Healthy Ageing reopens opportunities to invest in age-friendly environments and integrated health and social care systems. The aim of this paper is to analyse these windows of opportunity for Nursing. Healthy ageing implies that older people contribute to society for longer, with opportunities to have good health, and to maintain and develop capabilities, and that it is determined by functional ability, intrinsic capacity and the physical and social environment. This requires integrated, transformative and people-centred health and social systems, rather than systems based on disease. Nursing can contribute by changing the way we think, feel and act about age and ageing, offering integrated and person-centred care, adapting the model of care, with a focus on health promotion and disease prevention, and care for older people by enhancing their capabilities and autonomy, especially in primary care. Fighting against ageism, training nurses in advanced practice competency, improving accessibility, training older people and their families in digital matters, researching on these factors, are opportunities that the Decade of Healthy Ageing Report reopens for Nursing. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Healthy Aging , Ageism , Spain , Patient-Centered CareABSTRACT
La alta tecnificación de la asistencia médica en muchos países y la masificación de la atención medica en diferentes servicios de salud y niveles de atención, ha llevado a una deshumanización de la atención médica, con la consecuente actitud de rechazo de los pacientes a esta forma de atención. Como consecuencia de ello, han emergido movimientos mundiales para recuperar la calidez de la atención con un enfoque más profesional, humano y espiritual concibiendo un modelo de atención centrado en la persona como sujeto principal de la atención médica. Este modelo debe ser aplicado en todo el ciclo del continuo de vida de las personas desde que se encuentra en el vientre materno, hasta su muerte. Para ello, es necesario pasar por profundos cambios de mentalidad y actitud por parte de los médicos y otro personal de los servicios de salud. Mas aún se hace necesario enseñar la medicina humanizada desde las instituciones de recursos humanos.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze patient-centered attitudes in care and sharing practices of nursing, speech therapy, dentistry and medicine professionals. Methods: cross-sectional research was used with 411 professionals, and the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale instrument was applied as a measure of outcome. Results: physicians presented higher mean scores, reflecting a patient-centered orientation, shared control, and focus on the person, with statistical difference for all domains (p<0.02). Dentists were the professionals who presented lower scores, especially in the sharing domain, with statistical difference in relation to nurses, speech therapists, and physicians (p<0.05). Conclusions: finally, the attitudes of professionals in the health areas studied indicated self-reported preference for centrality in patients. In this context, patient-centered care can be an important resource in health care when committed to overcoming the object man.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as atitudes centradas no paciente nas práticas de cuidado e compartilhamento dos profissionais de enfermagem, fonoaudiologia, odontologia e medicina. Métodos: um estudo pesquisa transversal foi usado com 411 profissionais, e o instrumento Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale foi aplicado como uma medida de resultado. Resultados: os médicos apresentaram escores médios mais elevados, refletindo orientação centrada no paciente, controle compartilhado e foco na pessoa, com diferença estatística para todos os domínios (p<0,02). Os dentistas foram os profissionais que apresentaram menores escores, principalmente no domínio compartilhamento, com diferença estatística em relação aos enfermeiros, fonoaudiólogos e médicos (p<0,05). Conclusões: por fim, as atitudes dos profissionais das áreas de saúde estudadas indicaram preferência autorreferida pela centralidade nos pacientes. Nesse contexto, o cuidado centrado no paciente pode ser um recurso importante na assistência à saúde quando comprometido com a superação do objeto homem.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las actitudes centradas en el paciente en el cuidado y compartir prácticas de profesionales de enfermería, logopedia, odontología y medicina. Métodos: se utilizó una investigación transversal con 411 profesionales, y como medida de resultado se aplicó el instrumento Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale. Resultados: los médicos presentaron puntuaciones medias más altas, lo que refleja una orientación centrada en el paciente, control compartido y enfoque en la persona, con diferencia estadística para todos los dominios (p<0,02). Los odontólogos fueron los profesionales que presentaron puntajes más bajos, especialmente en el dominio compartir, con diferencia estadística en relación a los enfermeros, logopedas y médicos (p<0,05). Conclusiones: finalmente, las actitudes de los profesionales de las áreas de salud estudiadas indicaron preferencia autorreferida por la centralidad en los pacientes. En este contexto, el cuidado centrado en el paciente puede ser un recurso importante en el cuidado de la salud cuando se apuesta por la superación del objeto hombre.
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Las unidades de Psicogeriatría están realizando una evolución en su asistencia con la implantación de nuevos modelos asistenciales que pivotan sobre las personas atendidas, apoyados en la reforma de sus instalaciones, en la formación de los profesionales y en la aplicación de innovación terapéutica que repercute en una mejora de la calidad de vida de sus residentes. Se expone la experiencia en el área de mayores del Centro Sociosanitario Hermanas Hospitalarias en Palencia, en donde se ha realizado la transformación de plazas residenciales tradicionales en unidades de convivencia bajo el modelo de Atención Centrada en la Persona. Esto ha supuesto un cambio cultural en la asistencia y una evolución de los roles profesionales, tanto del personal técnico como del personal de atención directa, orientados hacia una mayor autonomía de la persona atendida. De forma paralela, como complemento necesario, se llevó a cabo el proceso de retirada de sujeciones en personas mayores (AU)
The Psychogeriatric units are making an evolution in their care with the implementation of new care models that pivot on the people served, supported by the reform of their facilities, the training of professionals and the application of therapeutic innovation that has repercussions on a improvement of the quality of life of its residents. The experience in the elderly area of the Sisters Hospitallers center in Palencia is exposed, where the transformation of traditional residential places into "coexistence units" has been carried out under the Person-Centered Care model. This has meant a cultural change in care and an evolution of professional roles, both for technical staff and direct care staff, oriented towards greater autonomy for the person being cared for. In parallel, as a necessary complement, the process of removing restraints in older people was carried out (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Old Age Assistance , Homes for the Aged , Patient-Centered Care , Geriatric Psychiatry , Healthcare ModelsABSTRACT
En el relato de la experiencia, proponemos el desarrollo de un progra-ma liderado y coordinado por profesionales de enfermería, en paralelo a la labor del equipo multidisciplinar del paciente durante el período de ingreso hospitalario, el cual mantiene como eje central, el proceso de transición en el momento del alta a domicilio. La experiencia se ha llevado a cabo en un hospital de atención inter-media, donde existe un perfil poblacional en el que prevalecen las per-sonas mayores y, donde se desarrolla un patrón de atención sanitaria basado en el modelo de atención centrado en la persona. El proyecto pretende apoyar la labor que se desempeña en las unida-des asistenciales, mediante el refuerzo e impulso del trabajo realizado por los diversos profesionales que acompañan al paciente durante el ingreso hospitalario. Se motivará la participación activa de los pacien-tes y la de sus familiares en la planificación de los planes terapéuticos, enfocado al momento del alta hospitalaria, asegurando de este modo, una correcta educación sanitaria, proporcionándoles herramientas que los capacitarán a nivel de autogestión y manejo de sus enfermedades. El alta hospitalaria, supone un momento transcendental para las perso-nas, ya que la idoneidad nos indica que deberían regresar al domicilio pudiendo identificar posibles factores de descompensación sobre su estado de salud, ayudándoles así a evitar posibles reingresos innecesa-rios al identificar y controlar sus síntomas. Otro objetivo primordial del programa es el de hacer de enlace con los centros de atención primaria, garantizando la continuidad de la atención, informando de los objetivos alcanzados para mantener su continuidad y ajustándose a las intervenciones realizadas en su proceso de recuperación en unidades de convalecencia. (AU)
In the story of the experience, we propose a program led for nursing professionals in sync with the multidisciplinary team of the patient during hospital admission, which maintain as the main axis, the process of transition of the patient when they discharge to home. This experience has been developed in an intermediate care hospital, where our mission is based in a personal development, where prevails an aging population.The project aims to support the task held in the healthcare unit, providing value to the work done by professionals during hospital admission of the patient, promoting their active participation as well as their family in Planning therapeutic program, including therapeutic education sessions, which patients learn to better understand their disease and cope with it.Also, the moment hospital discharge, that can be a transcendental momentum for the patient.When at home, patients must be capable of identifying possible diffi-culty or any factor that involves their Health status. The follow-up and educational diagnosis of the patient might avoid readmissions.Another mission of the program is to liaise with the primary care centers, assuring patient follow-up, reporting the objectives achieved to maintain its continuity, adjusting to the interventions carried out in their recovery process in units of convalescence. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Nursing Care , Leadership , Advanced Practice Nursing , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Objetivos: Conocer la perspectiva de profesionales sobre aspectos y dimensiones que deberían formar parte indispensable de la Atención Centrada en la Persona (ACP).DiseñoTécnica Delphi.EmplazamientoAtención Primaria.ParticipantesSetenta y cuatro expertos médicos especialistas en medicina familiar y comunitaria (MF), tutores docentes, psicólogos y sociólogos distribuidos por todo el territorio nacional (enero-junio 2015).MétodosRespondieron a tres cuestionarios: primero sobre aspectos que debería tener en cuenta un MF para realizar ACP en todas sus dimensiones. En el segundo se preguntó sobre el grado de acuerdo con cada ítem y dimensión en que lo clasificaba. Las respuestas se priorizaron en un tercer cuestionario (escala Likert, rango de puntuación 1-10).ResultadosLa tasa de respuesta (TR) al primer cuestionario fue de 54,05%, obteniéndose 84 ítems, los más frecuentes Respeto y Atención Integral. El 2.° cuestionario con TR=48,6%, obtuvo 52 ítems con acuerdo superior al 75%. La TR del tercer cuestionario fue de 52,7%, obteniendo 21 ítems con puntuación >9. Los valores más altos correspondieron a aspectos esenciales de la ACP: respeto, atención integral, enfoque biopsicosocial, autonomía del paciente y participación en la toma de decisiones.ConclusionesSe identificaron nuevas dimensiones: Prevención y promoción de la salud, Gestión de Recursos y Competencia Clínica; añadidas a las previamente descritas: Perspectiva biopsicosocial, Médico como persona, Paciente como persona, Relación médico-paciente y Poder y Responsabilidad compartidas.El respeto, la atención integral, el enfoque biopsicosocial, la autonomía del paciente y su participación en la toma de decisiones, son los aspectos más valorados entre los seleccionados por los profesionales participantes.
Objectives: To know the perspective of professionals on aspects and dimensions that should be an indispensable part of Person-Centered Care (PCA).DesignDelphi Technique.LocationPrimary Care.Participants74 medical experts specializing in family and community medicine (FM), teaching tutors, psychologists and sociologists distributed throughout the national territory (January-June 2015).MethodsThey responded to three questionnaires: first, on aspects that a FP should take into account to carry out PCA in all its dimensions. In the second, they asked about the degree of agreement with each item and dimension in which it was classified. The responses were prioritized in a third questionnaire (Likert scale, score range 1-10).ResultsThe response rate (RR) to the 1st questionnaire was 54.05%, obtaining 84 items, the most frequent Respect and Comprehensive Attention. The 2nd questionnaire with RR = 48.6%, obtained 52 items with a degree of agreement greater than 75%. The RR of the 3rd questionnaire was 52.7%, obtaining 21 items with a score> 9. The highest values corresponded to essential aspects of PCA: respect, comprehensive care, biopsychosocial approach, patient autonomy, and participation in decision-making.
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Sciences , Primary Health Care/trends , Patient-Centered Care , Interviews as Topic/methods , Physicians, Family/trends , Patient Outcome AssessmentABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To know the perspective of professionals on aspects and dimensions that should be an indispensable part of Person-Centered Care (PCA). DESIGN: Delphi Technique. LOCATION: Primary Care. PARTICIPANTS: 74 medical experts specializing in family and community medicine (FM), teaching tutors, psychologists and sociologists distributed throughout the national territory (January-June 2015). METHODS: They responded to three questionnaires: first, on aspects that a FP should take into account to carry out PCA in all its dimensions. In the second, they asked about the degree of agreement with each item and dimension in which it was classified. The responses were prioritized in a third questionnaire (Likert scale, score range 1-10). RESULTS: The response rate (RR) to the 1st questionnaire was 54.05%, obtaining 84 items, the most frequent Respect and Comprehensive Attention. The 2nd questionnaire with RR = 48.6%, obtained 52 items with a degree of agreement greater than 75%. The RR of the 3rd questionnaire was 52.7%, obtaining 21 items with a score> 9. The highest values corresponded to essential aspects of PCA: respect, comprehensive care, biopsychosocial approach, patient autonomy, and participation in decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: New dimensions were identified: Prevention and health promotion, Resource Management and Clinical Competence, added to those previously described: Biopsychosocial perspective, Doctor as a person, Patient as a person, Doctor-patient relationship and Shared Power and Responsibility. Respect, comprehensive care, the biopsychosocial approach, the patient's autonomy and their participation in decision-making, are the most valued aspects among those selected by the participating professionals.
Subject(s)
Physician-Patient Relations , Self Care , Delphi Technique , Humans , Patient-Centered Care , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aging of the population has led to the introduction of qualitative and quantitative changes in healthcare resources, among which are the introduction of models of person-centred care (PCC), although there is a lack of information on their impact. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a PCC model on the quality of life, well-being and thriving, in people living in nursing homes METHODS: Cross-sectional study. POPULATION: all persons who lived indefinitely in the two participating centres that gave their consent. Impact of PCC vs. traditional model was assessed in terms of quality of life, well-being and thriving. Effect size was estimated with Cohen d adjusted for health problems, Charlson index, and presence of depression. RESULTS: Overall participation was 78% (59/77 persons from the conventional centre and 66/88 from the PCC). The people of the PCC centre had better well-being (d = 0.378) and thriving (d = 0.566). No differences were found in quality of life. CONCLUSION: The PCC model can have a positive impact on well-being and thriving in persons living in nursing homes.
Subject(s)
Nursing Homes , Patient-Centered Care , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , HumansABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Within the context of Person Centred Care, the present paper shows the creation and validation process of an observational tool for the assessment of the wellbeing of people with dementia, from a perspective that seeks to highlight the effects that the physical and social environment have on the person, and how these are reflected in the well-being. METHODS: The List of Wellbeing Indicators (LIBE) was created following an inductive iterative process with professionals from different disciplines, until the validated version was reached. It was then validated in two successive studies with a sample of 79 people with dementia. Discrimination capacity of the scale indicators, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent and divergent validity were determined. RESULTS: An internal consistency of CronbachÌs alpha 0.81 was obtained. The inter-rater reliability, analysing intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) within the 3 raters, was significant for all the indicators in the tool, with scores between 0.59-1.00. Convergent validity was studied comparing scores in each LIBE indicator with scores in each QUALID indicator, and some significant associations were found between response categories in both tools. For the discriminant validity, the scores obtained in each LIBE indicator were compared with the scores in each PAINAD-Sp item, and no significant associations were found. CONCLUSION: LIBE offers an observational measure of behaviours that can be considered well-being indicators in people with dementia living in residential care. LIBE is a valid and reliable tool that offers a different perspective of measuring a construct that has been infrequently explored in dementia population. Is also an easy to apply tool, with different uses (clinical, intervention, research), and applicable for professionals of several disciplines.
Subject(s)
Dementia/psychology , Health Status Indicators , Patient-Centered Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Communication , Dementia/therapy , Female , Healthy Aging , Homes for the Aged , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Middle Aged , Nursing Homes , Pain Measurement/methods , Psychometrics , Quality of Life , Reproducibility of Results , Self Concept , Social ParticipationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The study had three objectives: (a) To determine how staff perceives the frequency of different sexual expressions in long-term care facilities for older people; (2) to quantify policies aimed at guaranteeing residents' sexual rights in such institutions, and (3) to determine factors influencing the presence of these kind of policies. METHODS: A total of 160 Directors of Nursing and 623 technical staff from Spanish long term care residential facilities completed a self-administered questionnaire including ítems to assess the experience and estimated frequency of different sexual expressions, an inventory of policies regarding sexual expression, and the Spanish version of the Person-Centred Care Assessment Tool. RESULTS: Certain sexual behaviours, such as kisses and hugs, or masturbation, are very frequent in nursing homes. Many participants have reported to staff members on having witnessed inappropriate sexual behaviours, such as exhibitionism (39%) or unwanted touching (27%). Policies in relation to guaranteeing residents' sexual rights were the most frequently mentioned. In contrast, there were fewer participants who mentioned policies regarding training or availability of helpful materials and resources. Factors such as occupational level (Directors of Nursing vs.technical staff), personal education, the centre commitment to person-centred care, and estimated frequency of sexual behaviour were associated with a higher presence of sexual expression policies. CONCLUSION: Although sexual behaviours among residents are quite frequent, there is still room for improvement in policies that support residents' expression of sexuality. Person-centred care models might help to guarantee sexual rights of older people living in long-term care facilities.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Homes for the Aged/standards , Long-Term Care , Nursing Homes/standards , Organizational Policy , Sexual Behavior , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess accessibility and longitudinality performance in Primary Care Teams of Granada from the point of view of Clinical Team Leaders. Any differences will also be determined in the performance of these 2functions depending on the environment of the Primary Care Centres (urban, rural or suburban). METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study using the "Primary Care Assessment Tool" (PCAT) questionnaire on all Primary Care Team managers from "Granada-Metropolitan" Primary Health Care District (n = 35). The Objective functions were described using the mean numerical scores obtained through the questionnaire. A mean score of ≥3 shows good performance. A bivariate analysis by Prevalence ORs was performed to study the factors related to a good performance. RESULTS: Granada-Metropolitan Primary Health District achieved a good accessibility performance (3.03). Differences were found depending on the Primary Care Team environment (OR rural/urban=32). Only Primary Care Centres with emergency services had a good accessibility scores. A good longitudinality performance was assessed by 94% of Clinical Team Leaders, with a better performance in the urban areas (OR urban/rural = 7.5). Primary Care Teams with trainees in Family and Community Medicine achieved better longitudinality results. CONCLUSIONS: Primary Care Teams from Granada Primary Health Care District achieved a good performance in Accessibility and Longitudinality in the PCAT Facilities questionnaire, from the point of view of their Clinical Team Leaders. However, it would be interesting to check these items from a user and provider perspective. According to this study, good accessibility was related to the availability of emergency services.
ABSTRACT
La medicina centrada en la persona es la modalidad de ejercicio médico que se ha venido proponiendo en los últimos años como respuesta a los antiguos debates que desde tiempo inmemorial existen en materia de asistencia médica al enfermo. Está encauzada en la comprensión del paciente como ser humano y su atención médica enfocada a sus necesidades propias como persona dentro del contexto social en que habita. Contrasta con el enfoque centrado en la enfermedad y no en el enfermo como un todo; y con el enfoque centrado en el médico. El elemento más importante de este cambio de paradigma es el modelo biopsicosocial que toma en cuenta el paciente, el contexto social donde vive y los otros elementos complementarios utilizados por el entorno social para manejar los disruptivos efectos de la enfermedad. Numeramos sus objetivos fundamentales: 1. Respetar la dignidad del ser humano. 2. Reconocer la concepción holística de la persona y su ambiente. 3. Ofrecer cuidados, soporte y/o tratamiento coordinadamente.4. Ofrecer estos servicios en forma individualizada y con la información necesaria para que la persona participe y se comprometa en su tratamiento. 5. Dar soporte y apoyo a la persona para que reconozca sus propias habilidades que le permitan vivir feliz y plenamente. Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de preparar estudiantes de medicina dentro de estos parámetros e implementar un sistema nacional de salud fundamentado en la atención primaria y atención centrada en la persona (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Social Work , Public Health , World Health Organization , Patient-Centered CareABSTRACT
Patients with multiple disorders and on multiple medication are often associated with clinical complexity, defined as a situation of uncertainty conditioned by difficulties in establishing a situational diagnosis and decision-making. The patient-centred care approach in this population group seems to be one of the best therapeutic options. In this context, the preparation of an individualised therapeutic plan is the most relevant practical element, where the pharmacological plan maintains an important role. There has recently been a significant increase in knowledge in the area of adequacy of prescription and adherence. In this context, we must find a model must be found that incorporates this knowledge into clinical practice by the professionals. Person-centred prescription is a medication review model that includes different strategies in a single intervention. It is performed by a multidisciplinary team, and allows them to adapt the pharmacological plan of patients with clinical complexity.
Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Multimorbidity , Patient-Centered Care , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study provides an overview of the perceptions of primary care professionals on how the current primary health care (PHC) attributes in Spain could influence health-related responses to intimate partner violence (IPV). METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 160 health professionals working in 16 PHC centres in Spain. Data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Four categories emerged from the interview analysis: those committed to the PHC approach, but with difficulties implementing it; community work relying on voluntarism; multidisciplinary team work or professionals who work together?; and continuity of care hindered by heavy work load. Participants felt that person-centred care as well as other attributes of the PHC approach facilitated detecting IPV and a better response to the problem. However, they also pointed out that the current management of the health system (workload, weak supervision and little feedback, misdistribution of human and material resources, etc.) does not facilitate the sustainability of such an approach. CONCLUSION: There is a gap between the theoretical attributes of PHC and the "reality" of how these attributes are managed in everyday work, and how this influences IPV care.
